斑岩型铜(±金-钼)矿床岩浆氧化硫与成矿还原硫转换机制及找矿意义

斑岩型铜(±金-钼)矿床和高氧化岩浆具紧密成因联系,我国及世界主要斑岩铜钼金矿床岩浆期多发育磁铁矿-赤铁矿组合,个别矿床见岩浆期石膏.这表明斑岩铜(±金-钼)矿床成矿岩浆logf(O_2)ΔFQM+2,岩浆中的硫主要为氧化硫,斑岩型矿床的硫主要为还原硫.斑岩矿床在岩浆演化晚期及钾化阶段多发育磁铁矿,而岩浆-成矿系统中亚铁(Fe~(2+))和氧化硫反应,可被氧化成为Fe~(3+),形成磁铁矿,氧化硫被还原.因此提出斑岩矿床成矿早期磁铁矿化,使氧化硫被还原形成还原硫,为斑岩矿床硫化物沉淀析出提供充足还原硫,在斑岩矿床形成过程中起着关键作用.据成矿岩体多发育磁铁矿,提出斑岩型矿床找矿中应注意高磁化率中酸性岩带;斑岩矿床主要成矿多发育于黄铁绢英岩化阶段,而在弱酸性环境下的黄铁绢英岩化过程中,磁铁矿会被黄铁矿交代,磁铁矿减少,矿化较强处磁化率会降低.因此,高磁化率带岩体中低磁化率区或高低磁化率变化频繁地段应为寻找富矿的重点地段.     

华北地台东部花岗岩容矿型金矿床的时空演化

华北地台东部分布有众多的花岗岩型金矿床,按照岩体与矿化的时间关系可分为同侵入岩型及后侵入岩型两类。前者主要分布在冀、辽接壤地区,成岩与成矿时代相近,为中侏罗世;后者主要分布在辽宁及山东等地,成矿比成岩要晚20－120Ma以上,成岩时代主要为侏罗纪,成矿时代为白垩纪。NWW向SEE方向金矿化时代变新,可能显示出中生代太平洋板块使华北地台活化的作用向东迁移并对金矿床形成了控制作用,同时在华北地台北缘从南向北矿化变新也显示出西伯利亚板块在中生代时期对华北地台造成的影响。     

金矿化地质地球化学特征

作者发现金矿（化）点２０余处，包括４个类型：（１）受花岗岩中相关剪切带控制的黄铁绢英岩金矿；（２）多金属硫化物石英型脉型金银矿；（３）陆相含炭岩系沉积改造层控金矿；（４）陆相砾岩金矿。（１）、（３）两种类型金矿具工业规模。黄铁绢英岩金矿主要赋存在以胶东群为交代基体的重熔花岗岩或交代花岗岩的构造蚀变带中心。这类构造蚀变带是遭受长期构造应力作用并叠加后期构造破裂经热液蚀变形成的。成矿热液为中温碱性溶液，金多呈金氯络合物形式被活化搬运。该类型金矿与强绢英岩化蚀变关系密切，在韧性剪切带基础上发育的蚀变糜棱岩化花岗岩带上等间距成群出现。陆相含炭岩系沉积改造层控金矿，为缓倾斜层状、似层状、透镜状矿体，受下白垩统莱阳群一段上、下含炭岩系控制。金矿在上、下含炭岩系中多层出现。此类矿床为晚元古代胶北地体隆起为陆，风化剥蚀产物沉积在中生代断陷盆地陆相湖泊基底堆积物中，由于盆地底部丰富的有机质及粘土对古风化产物中分解的自然金的富集作用形成了富金矿源层，ＡＵ：１４－８００ｐｐｂ。在燕山晚期强烈构造变动影响下，成矿热液活动，有机炭在矿床改造过程中进一步富金作用，形成工业矿床。这是一新类型金矿。     

浅谈冀东北地区的大地构造演化规律与金矿成矿规律

本文根据较新资料分析冀东北地区的大地构造演化规律对金矿成矿规律的控制作用。由于该区的地壳经过前地槽、地槽、地台和地洼四大不同发展阶段,因而在不同大地构造发展阶段中形成不同的金矿类型:前地槽阶段形成含金矿源层;地槽发展阶段,由于多期混合岩化、多期变质分异和侧分泌作用使矿源层中的金矿质富集溶移而在扩容构造中充填和交代形成变质热液型金矿床;地洼发展阶段,由于太平洋板块俯冲挤压而导致古地台构造岩浆活化,在巨厚的前地槽构造层的基底上形成大量的岩浆热液型金矿床和叠加(再造)富化型金矿床。     

延边杜荒岭铜金矿区中酸性火成岩的地球化学特征及成岩机理

杜荒岭铜金矿是延边地区重要的浅成热液高硫化型矿床。对矿区内与成矿关系密切的中酸性岩石花岗闪长斑岩、石英闪长岩、花岗斑岩、花岗闪长岩进行主、微量地球化学研究。研究结果表明石英闪长岩、花岗闪长斑岩是俯冲板片提供的流体及熔体交代下地壳而形成的富集地幔源岩浆部分熔融的产物;花岗斑岩、花岗闪长岩是有俯冲沉积物贡献的俯冲洋壳部分熔融形成的埃达克质岩浆,在其上升过程中与俯冲板片提供的流体交代下地壳而形成的富集地幔源岩浆混合后派生的产物。具有埃达克质成因的花岗斑岩、花岗闪长岩是杜荒岭铜金矿床的成矿母岩。     

山东金城地区焦家断裂带下盘隐伏花岗岩类岩石地球化学特征及锆石U-Pb年龄

胶西北金矿集区内中生代花岗岩类分布广泛,与区内金矿成矿关系密切。焦家断裂带深部下盘隐伏的岩体岩性以花岗岩类为主,其成岩时间及成因分类尚存在争议,本次在金城地区采取深部花岗岩类样品,开展了锆石U-Pb测年、主微量元素等测试工作,对花岗岩的岩相学特征、形成时间、岩石地球化学特征等进行了研究。金城地区焦家断裂带下盘深部花岗岩类为中生代侏罗纪玲珑型花岗岩（测得锆石U-Pb年龄值为158.4Ma和160.4Ma）和白垩纪郭家岭型花岗岩。本次研究花岗岩样品均表现为I型花岗岩的地球化学特征,说明玲珑型花岗岩重熔物质较复杂,若重熔地壳源岩为火成岩表现为I型花岗岩的特征,重熔的地壳源岩为表壳岩类,则表现为S型花岗岩的特征。区内中生代花岗岩类的形成与太平洋板块俯冲华北板块有关,属大陆弧花岗岩类,为火山弧构造环境。     

长江中、下游燕山期热液铜—金矿床成矿流体

分别以安徽东狮子山隐爆角砾岩型、西狮子山矽卡岩型、沙溪斑岩型和铜牛井石英大脉型矿石作为实例，对长江中、下游燕山期热液铜－金矿床的主要类型作了成矿流体对比研究。这四类矿床的成矿作用早期均以高温（＞450℃）高盐度（＞45wt%NaCl equiv.)流体为特征，晚期流体温度和盐度均降低。这些矿床的流体来源均以岩浆热液为主，但在斑岩铜矿床成矿作用的晚阶段有一定数量的雨水加入。流体的沸腾对于各类矿床的形成均起过重要作用，尤其在狮子山矿床中存在着隐爆角砾岩阶段、矽卜岩阶段、石英－硫化物阶段和石英－碳酸盐－硫化物阶段的多次沸腾；长江中、下游燕山期热液矿床的大量产出，其原因之一是该区地壳富含流体，而流体的富集可能在很大程度上与扬子大陆板块在中生代向华北板块下方俯冲的过程中，俯冲带流体向前陆方向的回流有关。下冲板块前峰拆沉所造成的板块后方撕裂，为深部流体的回流提供了良好的通道。     

内蒙古毕力赫金矿床地质特征

内蒙古毕力赫金矿床位于华北板块北缘叠接俯冲带南部近华北板块一侧,矿体主要以透镜状、脉状产于侏罗系钙碱性中酸性火山-次火山杂岩体中,其产出严格受NW向断裂构造控制.赋矿岩体主要为燕山期花岗闪长斑岩和二长花岗斑岩.金矿物主要以细微粒状产于石英细-网脉中,其次以浸染状产于蚀变岩石中,全岩矿化.对矿区石英脉中的流体包裹体进行均一温度和盐度测试,结果显示成矿温度和盐度均较低,为典型的浅成低温热液-斑岩型金矿床.     

胶西北西岭特大型金矿床蚀变围岩特征研究

西岭金矿是胶西北地区近年来发现的特大型金矿,它位于三山岛-仓上断裂带北端。矿区内发育的矿体赋存于中生代花岗岩中,矿体严格受断裂带控制。受热液蚀变作用影响,矿体围岩蚀变发育,主要发育钾化、硅化、黄铁绢英岩化、碳酸盐化等蚀变,且蚀变分带明显。蚀变岩与金矿化关系密切,金矿化的强弱与蚀变带的宽度及蚀变发育程度具正相关性,金矿体主要赋存在黄铁绢英岩中。本次研究选取贯穿蚀变带的钻孔岩石样品进行地球化学分析,分析结果显示蚀变过程中主微量元素有规律的活动,改变了热液流体的酸碱度,破坏了金络合物,使Au元素富集沉淀。     

河南灵宝东闯金矿区围岩蚀变及矿石矿物特征

本文通过研究灵宝东闯金矿床围岩蚀变及矿石矿物,讨论了该矿床的围岩蚀变类型、蚀变分带情况及矿石矿物特征。研究结果表明,该矿床围岩蚀变发育,以黄铁绢英岩化、绢云母化、硅化、碳酸盐化、绿泥石化为主,其中硅化、黄铁绢英岩化、绢云母化与金成矿关系密切;矿石类型以多金属石英脉型和蚀变岩型为主。矿石中的金属矿物主要为黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿,脉石矿物则以石英、绢云母、绿泥石为主。矿石中含金矿物主要为自然金,银金矿较少,在矿石中分布极不均匀,多以粒间金和裂隙金为等形式赋存于矿石中,粗粒金相对较多,细粒和显微金较为少见。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.