MEXICO风力机整机流场与载荷特性分析

采用计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)方法对MEXICO(Model EXperiment In Controlled c Onditions)风力机模型非偏航工况下的流场和载荷特性进行稳态数值模拟研究.采用周向平均方法取出计算得到的流速的轴向、径向和切向分量,并分别将其与试验值进行对比分析,计算值和试验值吻合较好,计算结果可靠.从叶片截面周围流线和叶片表面压力分布两个角度确定了叶片表面流动分离的位置,随半径增大分离点位置向后缘移动.对叶轮尾流中涡量分布的分析表明,3个叶片通道的涡量分布近似对称,尾流中涡量逐渐衰减,稳态模拟中塔架对尾流流动影响较小.此外还分析了叶轮叶片所受载荷,得到了载荷沿径向分布规律,载荷特性可为风力机气弹性能分析提供依据.     

基于正交试验大型轴流泵空化特性的数值模拟

针对28CJ-70型立式轴流泵内部空化对机组性能的影响,从泵内空化基本方程出发,确立叶顶尖间隙γ、叶片吸力面流线分布和叶片进口边外缘修圆ψ为影响轴流泵空化特性的主要因素,并建立L9(33)正交实验表,分别对9组试验方案进行数值模拟,计算结果表明:叶顶尖间隙γ对叶轮吸力面外缘泄漏涡变化较为敏感,增大叶顶尖间隙γ能够有效改善吸力面外缘速度分布,但会使泵扬程降低;叶片吸力面流线分布Φ对轴流泵效率和空化持续长度χ具有重要影响,当吸力面流线分布Φ=0.7时,能够明显改善吸力面低压区流体回流范围,使空化持续长度χ迅速降低,并能大幅度减小空化体积分数.通过对立式轴流泵模型进行试验研究发现:数值模拟结果与试验外特性曲线能够较好符合,达到工程应用的要求,进而验证正交计算结果准确性.     

冲焊型液力变矩器叶片回弹规律及抑制技术

冲压焊接型液力变矩器由于便于量产而被广泛应用于汽车,其是自动变速箱的核心部件. 液力变矩器性能直接由叶片形状决定,由于叶片在冲压过程中存在回弹变形,因此针对叶片冲压回弹规律及其对性能的影响开展研究. 首先利用有限元方法对冲压过程及回弹变形进行仿真,并采用流场数值模拟研究了不同回弹程度对变矩器外特性的影响规律,然后通过在叶片中间流线处开设拉延筋抑制叶片冲压起皱和回弹现象,最后制造叶片样件验证回弹抑制有效性,并通过液力变矩器样机试验验证流场数值模型计算精度. 研究结果表明涡轮出口回弹对变矩器性能影响显著,最高效率和起动泵轮能容分别增大了0.067%、8.18%,起动变矩比减小了1.41%. 样机实验验证表明冲压回弹仿真模型与计算流体动力学模型准确度高,其计算结果与实际结果吻合度较好,拉延筋结构可以较好的抑制叶片最大回弹偏差并改善回弹分布.      

带分流叶片水泵水轮机特殊工况内部流场特性

基于国内某抽水蓄能电站建立的水力模型并结合该模型试验报告,采用SSTk-ω模型计算带分流叶片水泵水轮机7.5°导叶开度下零流量工况附近的制动工况和反水泵工况,进行定常和非定常数值模拟,研究其内部流场压力分布、速度流线分布及径向力分布规律.结果表明:计算流体动力学数值计算可以很好地模拟分析带分流叶片水泵水轮机的内部流场特性;制动工况下的流态很差,涡结构充满整个流道引起水流拥堵且成不对称分布;反水泵工况导叶和转轮出现了严重的流动分离,水流在叶片中上游发生冲击;分流叶片的存在减小了负压区域,降低了汽蚀现象发生的可能性,有助于水轮机内部水流流动更加平稳;带分流叶片水泵水轮机的径向力在一个周期内的变化规律与转轮叶片数强关联,峰谷值个数与叶片数相对应.     

裂缝-孔隙型双重介质油藏流体窜流规律

从数值计算和物理模拟两个方面研究了裂缝-孔隙型双重介质油藏的渗流规律问题,根据双重介质渗流的微分方程,建立裂缝孔隙之间窜流的数学模型,给出了其在拉氏空间中的通解.运用Stehfest数值反演方法,得到实空间的解,通过数值计算研究压力的动态特征,分析了储容系数和窜流系数对压力响应的敏感性;同时在室内模拟研究了流体在双重介质中的窜流规律.试验结果表明:在双重介质流体窜流规律的研究方面,数值计算与物理模拟试验结果具有很好的一致性.这说明在一般情况下可利用近似解析解进行压力分析,使得近似解析解可在具体试井分析中使用,为油藏工程和渗流力学试井分析提供了一种新的方法.     

基于高阶形函数边界元法的金属介质散射模拟

用金属介质表面电荷和电流分别代替电位和磁位,推导出非迟滞和迟滞情形下金属介质粒子散射的边界积分方程;采用高阶形函数处理离散后的边界积分方程提高了解的精度;对不同形状的介质材料进行粒子散射的数值模拟,数值解与解析解对比结果表明此边界元法具有有效性.     

基于液力变矩器流固耦合的叶片厚度设计方法

基于经验性流线公式的液力变矩器叶片厚度设计方法,因难以表达变矩器叶片与流体间的耦合变矩关系,易造成变矩器性能低下.针对此问题提出基于液力变矩器内流固耦合的叶片厚度设计方法,即以高精度流固耦合数值解析的液力变矩器性能为评价,在满足叶片应力强度与叶片厚度变化曲率约束下,推导出叶片厚度曲线方程.通过液力变矩器设计实例,显示液力变矩器叶片厚度分布与其流场分布具有强相关性,验证了此方法对提高液力变矩器变矩比、效率和动力性能的有效性,可作为液力变矩器叶片厚度设计的工程化设计参考流程.     

粒径对离心泵叶片摩擦和碰撞磨损强度的影响

采用雷诺时均N-S方程、RNGk-ε模型和SIMPLE算法,以含沙水为介质,基于代数滑移混合物模型(algebraic slip mixture model,ASME)对一台单级双吸式离心泵内固液两相流动进行全三维不可压缩定常流动数值模拟,其中转子与定子之间耦合方式采用"冻结转子法"实现.通过对比清水及含沙水介质时泵外特性试验数据与数值模拟结果,验证了数值计算方法的可靠性.对固相颗粒直径分别为0.019、0.036、0.076mm时叶片工作面和背面摩擦磨损强度和碰撞磨损强度进行预测.结果表明:在同一粒径时,从叶片进口至出口碰撞磨损强度逐渐增大,且工作面大于背面,摩擦磨损强度呈现先增大后减小,又逐渐增大的趋势;随着粒径的增大,叶片表面碰撞磨损强度和摩擦磨损强度逐渐增大,摩擦磨损强度沿着整个叶片均大于碰撞磨损强度.     

超高水头混流式长短叶片转轮内部流动数值模拟

对超高水头混流式长短叶片转轮内部流动进行数值模拟分析.计算基于连续方程和雷诺时均N-S方程,选用Spalart-Allmaras一方程湍流模型使方程组封闭,通过贴体坐标下的有限体积法对控制方程进行离散,数值求解采用SIMPLIC算法.通过计算得出不同工况下长短叶片转轮内部流动的速度及压力分布,发现不同工况下短叶片表面的压力分布规律与长叶片基本相同.与常规转轮叶片流场比较发现,在上冠流面和中间流面上二者有相似的翼型压力分布规律,而在下环流面上长短叶片转轮翼型表面压力分布要优于常规叶片转轮,因而具有更好的空蚀性能.     

基于颗粒摩擦和碰撞模型的离心泵叶片磨损预测

采用雷诺时均N-S方程、RNGk-ε模型和SIMPLE算法,以含沙水为介质,基于代数滑移混合物模型(algebraic slip mixture model,ASME)对一台单级双吸式离心泵内固液两相流动进行全三维不可压缩定常流动数值模拟,其中转子与定子之间耦合方式采用"冻结转子法"实现.通过对比清水及含沙水介质时泵外特性试验数据与数值模拟结果,验证了数值计算方法的可靠性.基于颗粒摩擦和碰撞模型对固相体积分数分别为5%、10%、15%时叶片工作面和背面摩擦磨损强度和碰撞磨损强度进行预测,结果表明:在同一固相体积分数时,从叶片进口至出口碰撞磨损强度逐渐增大,且工作面大于背面,摩擦磨损强度呈现先增大后减小,又逐渐增大的趋势;随着固相体积分数增大,叶片表面碰撞磨损强度和摩擦磨损强度逐渐增大,摩擦磨损强度沿着整个叶片均大于碰撞磨损强度.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with