水平旋转圆筒表面对流传热和传质实验

采用微热偶式测温和测湿技术,分别对大直径水平旋转圆筒表面对流传热和传质特性进行了对比实验研究.实验数据验证了在圆筒表面对流传热和传质之间存在着良好的可类比性,即旋转对圆筒表面对流传热边界层温度场分布和局部努塞尔数的影响规律与旋转对传质边界层浓度场分布和局部舍伍得数的影响规律相似,但顺向侧和逆向侧之间存在着明显的差异;旋转对圆筒表面平均传热努塞尔数数和平均传质舍伍得数的影响规律也相似,都存在临界雷诺数.当旋转雷诺数小于或等于临界雷诺数时,平均努塞尔数和平均舍伍得数随旋转雷诺数的变化基本保持不变;当旋转雷诺数大于临界雷诺数时,平均努塞尔数和平均舍伍得数随旋转雷诺数的增大而增大.实验中还发现,由于传热和传质的边界层条件不同,热质交换共存时的临界雷诺数小于纯对流传热时的临界雷诺数.     

旋转圆筒表面对流传质特性

为研究水平旋转圆筒多孔介质表面的传质特性，用微型热偶式干湿球温度计测量了圆筒表面边界层温度分布和浓度分布，确定了顺向侧和逆向侧的局部对流传质系数；用硅橡胶板量热计测定了圆筒表面的平均对流传质系数．结果表明，旋转对圆筒表面顺向侧对流传质的强化作用比逆向侧明显；在较低旋转雷诺数下，平均舍伍得数基本保持不变，在较高旋转雷诺数下，平均舍伍得数随旋转雷诺数的增大而增大；旋转圆筒表面的对流传质和传热特性之间具有类比性．在实验数据的基础上，归纳和整理出了反映水平圆筒在静止空气中旋转时表面对流传质特性的准则关联式及临界雷诺数的判别式．     

空气喷射对旋转圆筒表面传质特性的影响

通过对旋转雷诺数R，喷射雷诺数Rej，喷嘴宽度和圆筒直径比B／d，喷射距离与喷嘴宽度之比L／B等影响旋转圆筒表面传质特性参数的实验研究，发现：在空气喷射作用下，由旋转产生的第一临界点消失，只存在第二临界点；平均舍伍德数Sh与Rej，B／d和L／B之间的关联式为Sh=0．515Re^2/3（B／d）^0.3（L／B）^0.1；空气喷射对圆筒表面传质的强化作用大于旋转的作用．     

微小孔径旋转冲击射流换热特性的数值模拟

采用数值模拟方法模拟了旋转冲击射流的换热过程,分析了换热过程中喷射孔径、喷射间距、旋转角速度以及流场分布特性对冲击射流换热的表面传热系数与平均换热效果的影响.结果表明:相同雷诺数下,3 mm孔径射流的平均换热效果比6 mm孔径的强;大孔径射流时的平均传热系数受角速度的影响要比小孔径时大;角速度的增加使换热板上的最大换热系数减小且由驻点向外偏移;旋转使板上的换热更加均匀,表现为角速度越高,平均表面传热系数曲线越平坦.     

MPC轴流管壳式换热器的壳程局部传热性能

对一种具有并流多通道进出口结构(MPC)的轴流管壳式换热器的壳程局部传热性能进行实验研究,分别在有壳程进口段分布挡板与无分布挡板的情况下,探讨了进口段局部表面传质努塞尔数的分布、局部平均表面努塞尔数与管束位置及雷诺数的关系,分析了进口段和换热器整体的平均传质努塞尔数与雷诺数的变化关系,揭示了壳程进口段的局部表面努塞尔数的分布规律,并进行了机理分析.研究结果表明,分布挡板能够有效促进壳程流场的分布,提高换热器壳程的整体传热性能.     

水平旋转圆筒表面温度和浓度边界层的测量

用自制的微热偶式测温和测湿装置分别对大直径水平旋转圆筒表面温度边界层和浓度边界层进行了测量．实验表明,旋转对顺向侧和逆向侧的影响情况有所不同顺向侧边界层的温度梯度和浓度梯度随旋转雷诺数的增加一直增大,而逆向侧的温度梯度和浓度梯度随旋转雷诺数的增加先减小后增加用微热偶式测温装置测量边界层温度分布时,由辐射引起的温度测量误差不超过3%,用微热偶式测湿装置测量边界层浓度分布时,由辐射引起的湿球温度测量误差在3％～8％,且离圆筒越近测量误差越大。     

管式换热器传热系数的研究

研究影响传热系数的因素,包括换热器几何结构和列管换热器的不同管程流动分布的影响,以便在设计过程中合理调整结构参数,使换热器提高传热性能.通过对换热器结构、流动状态、管程流动分布变化的实验,处理并分析实验数据,得出在套管换热器内,插入强化丝不仅可以增加空气侧对流传热系数,而且对蒸汽侧对流传热系数也有提高作用,空气流速越快,效果越明显;列管换热器中,单管流动总传热系数最大,随着流通管数的增加,流速降低,传热系数降低.插入强化丝导致流动阻力增大、速率减小、边界层变厚、热阻增加、强化效果不理想.     

轴向浮力驱动下的旋转圆筒热对流稳定性

研究了热对流驱动下的同轴旋转圆筒的线性稳定性问题. 模拟内外圆筒温差引起的热浮力采用了Boussinesq假设, 双圆筒同向旋转, 其半径比为0.5, Prandtl数为0.709. 通过分析发现, 由于圆筒旋转离心失稳和热浮力剪切失稳两种机制的互相竞争, 临界失稳中性曲线发现间断现象, 失稳模态产生跳跃, 形成“孤岛”效应. 在研究稳定性问题的同时还对求解圆筒稳定性问题的数值方法进行了研究和探讨.     

轴向旋转通道内浮升力对湍流影响的直接模拟

采用直接数值模拟方法对绕截面中心轴旋转的方通道内的充分发展湍流进行了数值模拟,湍流雷诺数和普朗特数分别为400和0.71.为了分析浮升力对流体运动的影响,给出了不同格拉晓芙数Gr下的主流平均速度场、温度场、二次流、湍流强度、雷诺应力等湍流统计量的分布情况,并对旋转效应的稳定与否以及由此对湍流统计量的影响进行了分析.结果表明:旋转效应稳定的区域湍流受到抑制,旋转效应不稳定的区域湍流增强,随Gr的增加旋转效应稳定性变得更加复杂;浮升力对流场和温度场有明显的影响,随Gr的增加影响更加明显.     

低温海水外掠圆管混合对流传热规律实验

以自然海水为工质,对层流范围内低温海水的混合对流传热特性进行实验研究,研究换热特性与雷诺数、格拉晓夫数和管径的关系,并与经验公式进行对比;提出适用于层流范围内低温海水外掠圆管流动与换热系数的经验公式。结果表明,在实验范围内努赛尔数随着雷诺数和格拉晓夫数增大而增大,且雷诺数越小,格拉晓夫数对努赛尔数的影响越明显;努赛尔数随着立管直径增大逐渐减小,小管径有利于增强对流传热强度;自然对流的影响随着雷诺数增加而减小,随着格拉晓夫数增大而增大;立管直径越大,自然对流对于总换热量的影响越强,且雷诺数越小,管径变化对自然对流在总换热量中的影响越明显。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to