多聚磷酸改性沥青流变性能及改性机制研究

利用动态黏弹力学方法,在动态剪切流变仪上通过动态黏弹试验和稳态流动试验并结合Carreau模型研究多聚磷酸(PPA)对改性沥青流变性能的影响,通过胶体组分变化和红外谱图分析探究PPA对沥青的改性机制。结果表明:在试验频率范围内,PPA改性沥青的存储模量G′和损失模量G″随频率的增加而增大,PPA掺量越大沥青的弹性性质越明显,说明PPA可有效改善沥青的模量和高温抗车辙性能;相同频率下,G′明显小于G″且模量差值随PPA掺量的增大、温度的降低及频率的增大而呈现逐渐减小的趋势;PPA的掺加使沥青的临界剪切速率γc大幅度降低,且掺量越大γc越小,沥青对外部剪应力的敏感性变大;与基质沥青相比,随PPA掺量的增大,沥青胶体成分中轻组分含量减少,沥青质含量大幅增加,PPA改性沥青红外谱图中增加了1 026cm-1处的特征吸收峰(P—O单键和P O双键的伸缩振动峰),说明PPA对沥青的改性是通过发生化学反应进行的。     

PE分子结构对改性沥青黏弹性能及微观结构的影响

利用动态剪切流变仪、荧光显微镜等手段研究不同结构PE改性沥青的黏弹性能、微观结构、黏温特性等,从聚合物分子结构的角度阐述改性沥青性能的差别及原因。结果表明:改性沥青在相同温度下的储存模量G'和损失模量G″由大到小顺序为HDPE、LDPE、VPE,储存模量G'随温度降低幅度大小顺序为VPE、LDPE、HDPE;相同温度下沥青质含量较低的ZH沥青的储存模量G'小于QHD沥青的;PE以不规则颗粒分散在沥青相中,LDPE分散最均匀,粒子为球状且直径约为20μm;HDPE的粒子形状不规则且粒径多数大于100μm;PE改性沥青微观结构及黏弹力学性能的差别是由于PE分子间距、分子柔顺性及结晶度的差异造成的;HDPE对沥青的黏弹力学性能和高温性能的提高效果最明显,HDPE合适的掺加量为4%~5%。     

EVA分子结构对其改性沥青性能的影响

以秦皇岛AH-70沥青和克拉玛依AH-70沥青为基质沥青,以不同醋酸乙烯(VA)含量的乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)为改性剂制备EVA改性沥青,采用动态力学分析(DMA)方法和荧光显微镜考察VA含量对EVA改性沥青流变性、相容性及常规性能等的影响。结果表明:在测定频率与温度范围内,随着VA含量的增加,EVA改性沥青的相位角δ增大,黏性成分逐渐增加,车辙因子G*/sinδ减小,抗车辙能力逐渐减弱,相容性先增强后减弱;在测定VA含量范围内,当VA含量为25%时,EVA改性沥青的综合性能达到最好;秦皇岛EVA改性沥青的抗车辙能力优于克拉玛依EVA改性沥青,克拉玛依EVA改性沥青的相容性相对较好。     

基于线黏弹范围的改性沥青动态流变性能

为了比较改性沥青在较宽频率范围内的流变性能,选择SBS、高弹、高黏和高强等4种改性沥青与基质沥青进行动态力学分析通过应变扫描试验,发现在相同复数模量时,4种改性沥青的线黏弹范围均小于基质沥青.在线黏弹范围内进行频率扫描试验,并应用时温等效原理分别构建复数模量和相位角主曲线,可区分不同改性沥青的性能差异.结果表明:高弹改...     

SBS改性沥青低温粘度的动态剪切流变测试方法

根据动态剪切流变仪试验原理,建立了沥青的复数模量G*、相位角δ与复数粘度η*动力粘度η′之间的相互关系.通过1种基质沥青,4种聚苯烯苯乙烯聚苯烯(SBS)改性剂制备的7种改性沥青的动态力学试验,得出了不同掺量、不同改性剂类型对动力粘度η′的影响规律,通过60℃粘度实测值与预估值η′=sin δ-4.862 8G*/ω的比较,证明了用动态剪切流变仪测试沥青和改性沥青的低温粘度的可行性.     

木质素改性沥青的温度敏感性分析

为探究短期老化对不同掺量木质素改性沥青的温度敏感性的影响,采用基于针入度试验及动态剪切流变试验的温度敏感性评价方法,对经过短期老化前后不同木质素掺量的沥青试样进行了评价与分析。结果表明:木质素的掺入可有效降低基质沥青温度敏感性;采用复数指数法(CNI)评价木质素改性沥青温度敏感性更具优势,主要是木质素的掺入提高基质沥青的储存模量(G'),增加沥青弹性部分。相比于基质沥青,短期老化对于木质素改性沥青而言,并不是加快老化进程,而是使得木质素与沥青进一步增容的物理变化过程。为木质素改性沥青制备工艺确定与高温温度性评价进一步研究提供了参考。     

改性剂对SBS改性沥青低温性能的影响

以动态剪切流变仪（dynamic shear rheometer）实测的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）为评价指标，针对同一种油源、不同标号的基质沥青，分析了改性剂结构和掺量对苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（SBS）改性沥青低温性能的影响．结果表明，改性剂结构对SBS改性沥青的低温性能影响不大；而改性剂掺量对SBS改性沥青的低温性能有重要影响，这种影响受到基质沥青标号的限制，基质沥青的标号越大，掺量对低温性能的影响越大．     

3种AC-20沥青混合料的动态模量及其主曲线拟合与分析

为了探索沥青路面常用的AC-20沥青混合料的动态模量规律,采用相同料源的粗集料、细集料和矿粉配制了AC-20级配矿质混合料。以马歇尔试验方法确定的最佳油石比,配制了湖沥青改性沥青、SBS改性沥青以及70#基质沥青等3种沥青混合料。采用基本性能试验仪的沥青混合料单轴压缩动态模量试验方法进行了动态模量试验,并在此基础上运用时间-温度等效原理,采用NCHRP09-29提供的Mastersolver Version 2.2对阿伦尼乌斯方程中的参数进行拟合,建立了参考温度为20℃的3种沥青混合料动态模量主曲线。研究结果表明,湖沥青改性沥青AC-20和SBS改性沥青AC-20的动态模量主曲线始终位于基质沥青AC-20上方,说明沥青改性剂对混合料性能改善作用显著;湖沥青改性沥青AC-20和SBS改性沥青AC-20的动态模量主曲线存在逼近、交叉现象,说明不同改性沥青混合料性能表现出不同的适用范围。     

基于化学改性的废胶粉复合 改性沥青性能与机理研究

为探究废胶粉复合改性沥青性能与改性机理,采用软化点、5℃延度、弹性恢复、动态剪切流变试验指标等来评价其性能,通过微观形貌观测、红外光谱图、差示扫描量热法进行微观分析,将其与普通胶粉改性沥青、基质沥青进行对比,分析废胶粉复合改性沥青的改性机理.结果表明,废胶粉复合改性沥青具有更高的PG高温等级,表现出更好的高温性能;储存48 h废胶粉复合改性沥青仅有少量的废胶粉大颗粒开始被沥青胶团吸附并下沉,至储存72 h后才出现明显的离析现象,储存稳定性能得到明显改善;微观形貌下废胶粉复合改性沥青大部分胶粉颗粒均匀分散在沥青中,排列致密,形成亚均相结构;废胶粉复合改性沥青表现为物理共混改性的同时存在化学反应;相较于单一的物理改性,在复合改性的作用下,整个体系呈致密交联型网络状结构,使得分子间结合牢固,低温性能方面表现更好.     

水-热作用下胶粉改性沥青汉堡车辙高温性能

橡胶类改性沥青混合料的高温性能一直是国内外研究的热点问题。本文采用浸水汉堡车辙试验,针对普通橡胶沥青、terminal blend(TB)胶粉改性沥青及TB复合改性沥青混合料在水-热综合作用下的抗车辙性能进行评价与对比。实验结果表明,对于传统橡胶沥青来说,其在浸水条件下的高温抗车辙性能随着掺量的增大而先下降后上升,掺量从5%变化至20%的过程中,橡胶沥青中的橡胶颗粒对沥青分散体系的性能贡献逐渐增大,橡胶粉掺量推荐采用内掺20%。对于TB胶粉改性沥青混合料,其在水-热综合作用下的抗车辙性能劣于基质沥青混合料,且随掺量的增加而逐步下降。对于TB+SBS复合改性沥青混合料,SBS的掺入能够显著提高TB胶粉沥青混合料在水-热综合作用下的抗车辙性能,且性能随SBS掺量的增加而提升。根据实验结果,在TB+SBS复合改性沥青混合料中推荐使用20%橡胶沥青,SBS的掺量可根据性能与成本进行综合考虑。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.