近50年澄碧河流域降雨径流变化趋势及成因分析

为探讨岩溶区流域降雨径流变化特征,基于澄碧河流域1963年至2011年共49 a的降雨径流序列,运用Mann-Kendall方法、Hurst指数法和双累积曲线法分别进行趋势及突变分析、序列未来的趋势预测分析和降雨径流变化产生的影响分析,在此基础上,结合流域的历史及地质资料探讨降雨径流关系发生变化的成因。结果表明:①流域降雨量的年际、汛期以及非汛期序列均呈现显著增加的趋势,且年降雨量的突变年为1986年,而径流量的非汛期序列却呈现显著减少的趋势,并在1990年发生突变;②流域的降雨径流相关关系发生了变化,流域水资源量减少达到12亿m~3/a;③流域内降雨径流的变化是由人类活动、喀斯特岩溶性的地质构造特征和降雨分布特点导致的。     

1960年以来太湖水位变化特征及影响因素分析

以太湖为研究对象,综合采用Mann-Kendall突变检验和Morlet小波分析等方法,分析太湖1960—2018年水位数据,阐明太湖水文特征变化及其影响因素．结果表明:1960—2018年间太湖水位整体呈现缓慢上升趋势,极值水位波动幅度较强;年内水位受降雨分配的影响呈单峰型变化,汛期尤为明显;水位周期性显示稳定的时间尺度是9 a,变化强烈的时间尺度分别是22和28 a;气候变化和人类活动共同影响了太湖水位的变化,2000年前太湖水位对降水的响应十分敏感,而2000年后太湖水位受人为调控而趋于稳定;合理范围内的水位波动对整个流域的水资源调配和太湖的生态水文特征有重要影响,科学的水利工程调控有利于太湖湖泊生态系统的健康发展．研究结果可为太湖水情调控和湖泊生态系统管理提供理论参考和决策依据．      

变化环境下桂林市降雨趋势及周期特征分析

为探讨在变化环境下降雨的变化特征,基于广西桂林市1951~2014年降雨序列,首先采用Mann-kendall突变检验法确定降雨序列的突变年,并以突变年为分界点分离出变化环境下的降雨序列;然后采用线性趋势、累积距平和Mann-kendall等分析变化环境下的降雨序列趋势特征,最后通过Morlet小波分析方法分析了变化环境下降雨序列的周期特征。结果表明,降雨序列在1970年发生突变,1970~2014年为变化环境下的降雨序列;变化环境下降雨总体呈现下降的趋势,下降幅度为3.968 mm/a,但下降趋势不显著;受环境变化的影响,降雨序列存在5~8 a、18~29 a的多时间尺度相互嵌套周期特征,第一主周期为28 a,第二主周期为7 a。     

变化环境背景下连州市降雨变化特征分析

研究降雨在变化环境下的变化特征,对掌握区域气候变化背景及充分利用降雨等自然资源具有重要意义。论文基于广东省连州市1966～2015年降雨序列,采用Mann-Kendall突变检验法、滑动F、滑动秩和等综合分析序列的突变年,并以突变年为分界点提取变化环境下的降雨序列,采用气候倾向率、滑动平均和Mann-Kendall等分析变化环境下的降雨序列趋势特征,最后利用Morlet小波分析方法对变化环境下降雨序列的周期特征进行分析。结果表明:年降雨量序列于1992年发生突变,年降雨日数序列则于1984发生突变;变化环境下年降雨量总体呈现上升的趋势,每10 a上升幅度为54.96 mm,且趋势显著,而年降雨日数则相对稳定;受环境变化的影响,年降雨量序列存在6 a的主周期,而年降雨日数序列主周期则比较长,第一主周期长达30 a。     

基于小波变换的福州市降水量变化研究

利用福州市1951-1990四十年月降水量资料, 对其年降雨量距平进行小波变换, 采用Morlet变换小波函数, 分析了四十年降水量时间序列的多时间尺度特征和突变特征. 研究结果表明, 福州市降水量主要表现为年际尺度的周期变化, 25a的主周期的特征比较明显, 存在许多振荡中心, 为深入研究降水量的多时间尺度特征变化提供了很好的分析手段.     

海南岛松涛水库流域降雨侵蚀力的时空变化趋势

在海南松涛水库流域及其周边25个雨量站点1960—2015年的逐日降雨数据的基础上,计算了各站的降雨侵蚀力,同时,采用统计和反距离权重等方法分析了该流域降雨侵蚀力的时空变化趋势,结果表明:多年平均降雨侵蚀力的范围为1.27×104~2.19×104MJ·mm/(hm2·h),平均值为1.62×104MJ·mm/(hm2·h),该值与该流域的多年平均降雨量呈极显著相关(相关系数为0.693,P0.01),其空间分布规律与多年平均降雨量基本一致,即从北到南总体上呈先递增后递减的趋势;降雨侵蚀力随纬度的增加而增加,但随经度的增加而减小;在该流域的春、秋、非汛期,降雨侵蚀力的变化趋势均不显著,没有发生显著性突变,而在年、夏季、冬季及汛期,降雨侵蚀力的变化则很显著,其中,非汛期的降雨侵蚀力呈下降趋势,其余时段均呈上升趋势;该流域多数站点的降雨侵蚀力呈上升趋势,老村、牙阜和阜类的多数时段呈显著上升趋势,这些地区面临水土流失的风险较大;在分析年降雨侵蚀力时发现,1970年发生了显著突变;该流域降雨侵蚀力的变化周期为3.5年,震荡周期为5~16年.     

宜宾市近60年气温变化特征分析

以宜宾气象观测台站1951-2010年的气温观测数据为基础,利用线性趋势分析、Morlet小波分析和R/S分析等方法,揭示近60年来宜宾市年平均气温变化趋势、年平均气温时间序列的小波变化特征及气温变化在不同时期的震荡幅度,并利用H指数对未来气温变化进行预测.结果表明:近60年来,宜宾市年平均气温升高的趋势较为明显,且存在多时间尺度的周期变化特征,出现明显的冷暖交替现象,在交替变化中有3个明显的时间尺度特征,分别是5~11a、20~31a和38~60a左右;气温的Hurst指数为0.305 7,说明宜宾市年平均气温具有较强的反持续性,未来气温可能会呈现下降趋势.     

鄱阳湖流域年降水量周期、趋势及响应特征分析

采用Morlet小波分析法和Mann-Kendall非参数统计法,分析1953—2010年鄱阳湖流域16个气象站年降水量序列的周期、趋势及突变特征,对比分析年降水量与年径流量的周期、趋势及突变特征,揭示年降水量与年径流量的响应关系。研究表明鄱阳湖流域年降水量序列存在3个主周期,分别为22a、7a、4a;1953—2010年鄱阳湖流域年降水量整体呈不显著的增长趋势,并在1992年发生显著性突变,置信度达95%;鄱阳湖流域年径流量的周期变化和趋势突变与年降水量在尺度范围、时间点位、空间分布以及显著程度均比较一致,显示鄱阳湖流域年降水量与年径流量之间在周期、趋势和突变方面存在显著的响应关系。     

1976—2020年弥河流域不同等级降雨时空分布特征

为了对弥河流域的降雨特征及未来演变趋势进行研究,基于流域15个气象站1976—2020年的逐日降雨数据,应用Mann-Kendall检验、反距离插值和重标极差(R/S)分析法,研究不同等级降雨量与降雨时间的时空分布特征,并探讨不同等级降雨对年降雨的影响以及流域未来降雨结构的发展趋势。结果表明：研究期内弥河流域年降雨量呈逐年增加趋势,除大雨外,其他等级降雨量呈增长态势,降雨时间总体呈减少趋势,仅中雨、暴雨时间呈增加态势;流域年降雨量从上游向下游呈递减趋势,与大雨、暴雨空间变化一致,年降雨时间与小雨时间空间分布格局一致;中雨对年降雨量的贡献率最高,为27.99%,小雨的发生率最高,为72.07%;相关性分析显示,流域年降雨量与降雨时间分别受暴雨降雨量、小雨时间的影响最大;流域暴雨降雨量、暴雨时间与年降雨量都表现出较强的持续性,未来变化趋势与过去相一致,降雨等级存在向暴雨转变的趋势。     

近50年开封市降水变化特征的小波分析

利用Morlet小波分析了1961—2010年开封市年降水量距平的小波变化特征,揭示开封市降水量变化的多时间尺度结构.结果表明:开封市年降水量存在多时间尺度的周期变化特征,有6个特征明显的时间尺度,分别是1~2 a、3~4 a、5 a、7 a、9~12 a和15~18 a.其中5 a、7 a、9~12 a和15~18 a的时间尺度在整个时域内都很明显,年际尺度的主周期为7 a,年代际尺度主周期为10 a;开封市降水变化还表现出突变的特点;近50年来,开封市年降水量气候倾向率为6 mm/10 a,年降水量呈增多趋势,未来2~3年内年降水量将处于一个偏多期.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.