采高对浅埋煤层老顶岩层破断距的影响

煤层的开采高度对关键层的破坏有重要影响,为了研究采高对组合关键层破坏的影响,运用数值分析方法分析组合关键层有关参数的基础上,研究了采高变化对组合关键破断的影响,即对采场来压步距的影响,进而修正了浅埋煤层开采采场初次来压步距的计算公式.结果表明,以该修正的组合关键层破断距公式计算的大柳塔1203工作面的初次来压步距与实测非常接近.该公式对于地表厚松散层浅埋煤层中的组合关键层的破断距计算具有一定的适应性.     

采场覆岩的流固耦合损伤分析

在分析浅埋煤层中潜水渗流场与工程开挖应力场相互影响的基础上,建立了厚松散层富含潜水浅埋煤层组合关键层的岩体水力学模型;提出了流固耦合损伤因子,分析了采动覆岩中组合关键层在流固耦合损伤作用下的破坏规律。对浅埋煤层采场来压步距的计算公式进行了修正。以修正公式计算的大柳塔1203工作面的初次来压步距与实测非常接近。这证明该公式对于地表厚松散层浅埋煤层中的组合关键层的破断距计算具有一定的适应性。     

浅埋深中厚煤层采场矿压显现规律研究

介绍了神东矿区榆家梁煤矿44305浅埋深工作面回采期间的矿压观测方法,结合工作面矿压显现特征,参照来压步距理论计算,确定了工作面周期来压步距,掌握了工作面回采过程中支架的运行状态,为该煤层的顶板管理提供了依据。     

厚土层覆盖浅埋煤层支架适应性分析

分析了陕西榆树湾煤矿浅埋煤层开采支架的适应性,揭示了厚土层覆盖浅埋煤层开采条件下覆岩层的破坏规律;模型实验表明工作面初次来压步距为70～75 m,工作面初次来压步距相对较大;组合关键层的破断形成大周期来压现象,支架动载系数平均为1.21,支架阻力能平衡顶板压力,满足工作面正常开采时对支护阻力的要求.研究成果对指导工作面采前准备工作具有重要意义.     

浅埋煤层中的关键层组探讨

总结了浅埋煤层矿压显现规律,以浅埋煤层关键层理 论为基础,分析了厚松散层浅埋煤层的顶板破断特点,提出了关键层组的概念。     

南梁综采工作面矿压力规律

为研究南梁煤矿20203综采工作面矿压规律,通过实测工作面支架阻力、活柱下缩量、顶板移近量、顶板来压强度以及巷道变形参数等,获得了初次来步距、支架阻力的动载系数、老顶来压的强度等参数.研究结果表明:支架可以平衡顶板的压力,满足工作面开采时对支护强度的要求.总结了南梁矿浅埋煤层综采工作面的矿压显现规律,提出了提高支架初撑力等改善措施,为实现浅埋煤层综采工作面安全开采提供了可靠依据.     

南梁厚土层浅埋单体长壁工作面矿压规律实测分析

在南梁煤矿首采工作面20105采前实验研究的基础上进行了现场观测,实测了活柱的下缩量、工作面顶板的移近量、顶板的来压强度以及巷道变形破坏参数,总结了厚土层覆盖层浅埋煤层单体长壁工作面的矿压显现规律.实验和观测表明,厚土层覆盖浅埋煤层工作面初次来压步距大,矿山压力显现剧烈,周期来压台阶下沉量大.针对目前顶板的支护状况和顶板灾变危险,提出了提高支柱初撑力等改善措施,为实现厚土层覆盖浅埋煤层单体长壁工作面安全开采提供了可靠依据.图7,参8.     

近浅埋煤层老顶初次垮落规律及控顶措施

以榆阳煤矿2302工作面的开采实践为工程背景,利用"板"和"梁"2种力学模型对近浅埋煤层条件下的老顶初次来压步距进行了分析和计算.结合老顶实际垮落步距确定出适合近浅埋地质条件下的力学模型,并计算了"板"力学模型在不同边界条件下初次来压步距.为了解决老顶初次来压步距过大的问题,根据采场处于不同边界条件下初次来压步距的特点,提出了采用深孔预裂爆破和区段煤柱宽度缩小的方法,使采场处于"两边固支两边简支"的受力状态,以减小初次来压步距,保证初采初放期间工作面顶板安全.     

综采工作面矿压显现规律探析

112201工作面老顶初次来压步距平均为47m,周期来压步距约为20m～30m,平均25m。来压期间矿山压力显现剧烈,工作面压力呈现明显的两头小、中间大的规律,工作面前方6m～15m范围为应力峰值区。浅埋煤层开采期间,顶板来压步距相对较大,相比深埋煤层,来压期间矿山压力增大幅度较大,矿压显现较剧烈。     

坚硬覆岩破断及其对矿压显现的控制

 以同忻矿石炭系3-5 煤层8015 工作面为例,分析了坚硬覆岩破断特征及其对煤层工作面矿压显现的控制作用。应用关键层理论确定工作面坚硬覆岩的关键层及关键层的初次破断距和周期破断距,基于材料力学理论导出关键层破断与工作面支承压力的关系式,分析关键层破断对煤层工作面矿压显现的影响规律。结果表明,煤层工作面坚硬覆岩存在亚关键层I、亚关键层II 和主关键层,3 个关键层的破断导致工作面产生大小周期压力和复合压力,其中主关键层破断造成工作面矿压范围较大;理论分析方法揭示的矿压显现规律与现场矿压监测结果具有较好的一致性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…