应用递减典型曲线评价水平气井动储量（英文）

在建立圆形封闭气藏水平井不稳态流数学模型的基础上,应用Laplace变换等方法求得了模型的Laplace空间解。通过Stehfest反演算法绘制了水平气井的递减典型曲线图版;并且用实例说明了水平气井递减典型曲线图版的应用过程。计算结果表明,该图版可以很好的计算水平井的动态储量,且精度较高,对以后气田水平井的的储量评价、开发方案设计等方面具有现实意义。     

页岩气压裂水平井生产数据分析方法

气井生产数据分析是评价气井动态储量、储层物性、水力裂缝等参数的有效方法,但在页岩气藏中,气体解吸、多段压裂、体积压裂区(SRV)的存在使得常规的评价模型不能满足现场需要。笔者在充分考虑了气体解吸、裂缝干扰、边界影响的基础上,利用Laplace变换和压力叠加原理求解压裂水平井的不稳定产能动态,并利用渐进分析给出新的无量纲物质平衡时间和产量,绘制页岩气压裂水平井Agarwal-Gardner型产量递减图版。图版可分为两大阶段：在不稳定递减阶段,页岩气的吸附特性会对发散的曲线产生显著影响;在拟稳态递减阶段,递减曲线归一,呈现Arps调和递减规律。矿场实例表明,通过拟合实际的生产数据,可以得到气藏有效泄流面积、天然裂缝渗透率及水力裂缝长度等参数,以此评价页岩气藏地质储量和水力压裂效果。     

用数值模拟方法研究气井产量递减

运用数值模拟软件的单井模拟器,建立了异常高压气藏气井和正常压力气藏气井产量递减的单井模型,得到了异常高压气藏气井和正常压力气藏气井的产量递减数据。根据这些产量递减数据,由两种产量递减自动拟合模型分别计算了异常高压气藏气井和正常压力气藏气井的产量递减参数、地层物性参数(k_gh、k_g/Φ)及地质储量。为了提高计算精度,采用根据拟稳态的产量递减数据(去掉不稳定的递减数据)来反求地层参数和地质储量,并根据自动拟合模型的检验标准对计算结果进行了检验。结果表明,由两种产量递减自动拟合模型计算的产量递减参数和地质储量与数值模拟的计算结果非常吻合,再次证明了这两种产量递减模型的适用性。     

水驱气藏生产数据分析方法研究及应用

水驱气藏动态储量核算和水体大小的研究一直是此类气藏动态分析的重要内容。常规生产数据分析技术主要针对定容封闭气藏,而对于水驱气藏适应性差。为此,以气藏不稳定渗流理论为基础,考虑气藏水侵特征建立了水驱气藏渗流模型,利用Laplace变换法推导获得了水驱气藏不稳定产量响应解,计算并绘制了现代产量递减典型曲线。根据曲线特征将产量递减过程划分成4个典型流动阶段,讨论了无因次水侵量和无因次水侵时间对产量递减典型曲线的影响。结合现代生产数据分析技术,利用气井产量与压力的相互关系,提出了定量评价水侵强度和水侵开始时间,求取动储量、渗透率等气藏参数的方法。现场实际生产数据分析结果表明,该方法满足水驱气藏动态分析的工程实际要求,对于指导此类气藏的开发具有重要意义。     

裂缝性低渗气藏水平井不稳定产量递减探讨

针对气体在低渗储层中低速流动时存在启动压力梯度的问题,开展了渗流模型建立、求解及定性分析研究。采用低速非达西渗流机理,建立了考虑启动压力梯度的裂缝性低渗气藏水平井不稳定渗流模型,求解了数学模型并绘制了水平井产量递减典型曲线。该渗流模型最终求取的是定压生产条件下低渗气井的不稳定产量解,为采用图版拟合法评价储层参数提供了理论依据。启动压力梯度等相关参数对递减曲线的影响分析表明,启动压力梯度越大、储层物性越差,流动越困难,水平井产量越低,产量递减曲线位置越低;弹性储容比越小,基质窜流发生越早,产量导数曲线上的下凹部分持续时间越长,下凹程度越深;窜流系数越小,产量导数曲线上的下凹部分出现时间越晚,窜流越难发生。     

河流相平面非均质储层水平井泄气范围确定方法

为了准确计算河流相平面非均质储层水平井泄气范围大小.通过分析完钻井、录井和测井资料获取气井水平段含气钻遇率及沿水平段不同单元物性参数大小,定量表征井控范围内储层的非均质性.再利用气井产量压力生产数据,采用流动物质平衡方法评价气井动态储量.在此基础上计算井控范围内的气井有效渗流面积,同时结合储层分布特征调整井控泄气范围边界,最终研究形成河流相平面非均质储层气井泄气范围确定方法.研究结果表明:在非均质储层条件下,计算气井泄气半径需综合考虑储层的含气性、物性参数变化和储层分布等因素,通过理论计算和实际井分析对比,可见考虑储层非均质计算的气井泄气半径更符合气井生产实际,泄气范围与有效储层分布契合度高.     

火山岩气藏压裂水平井非稳态产能模型及敏感性分析

目前我国已探明的火山岩气藏地质储量达数千亿立方米,储量规模属世界最大。与常规砂岩气藏相比,火山岩气藏储集层裂缝发育,储集层物性差、渗流机理复杂。现场多利用压裂水平井技术开发火山岩气藏,有利于改善火山岩气藏渗流状况,降低单井成本,提高单井产能。但目前缺乏适合于火山岩气藏压裂水平井的复杂双重介质的非稳态产能预测模型。利用该研究综合考虑火山岩气藏双重介质特性及有限导流裂缝的情况,建立火山岩气藏压裂水平井非稳态产能预测模型,应用Laplace变换和Duhamel原理,同时结合Stehfest数值反演对模型进行求解。应用建立的产能预测模型,结合XS气田火山岩气藏P1井实际储集层及压裂参数,绘制P1井的产能递减曲线,分析了裂缝半长,裂缝条数,裂缝间距及导流能力对火山岩气藏压裂水平井产能递减曲线的影响。同时,应用正交试验进行了多因素分析。研究所获得的结果有助于提高对火山岩气藏压裂水平井产能递减规律的认识,同时,也可为评价预测火山岩气藏压裂水平井产能及优化其压裂裂缝参数提供依据。     

苏里格气田气井配产与递减率关系研究及应用

为确定气井在满足一定初期递减率条件下的合理配产,在假设气井初期配产不影响最终累积产气量的前提下,利用Arps衰竭式递减分析理论,明确了新井配产与初期日递减率成正比的关系,将初期日递减率转换为初期年递减率,最终确定了气井配产与初期年递减率的关系,并建立了气井配产降低程度与初期年递减率降低程度的理论图版。同时运用图版可指导新投产气井合理配产并确定气田产能建设工作量。研究认为,通过降低配产达到降低气井递减方式中,气井递减率降低幅度与初期年递减率大小及配产降低幅度有关,而与配产降低的绝对数值无关;初期年递减率越大的气井,通过降低配产而达到降低气井递减的效果越明显;而对于初期年递减率较小的气井,通过降低配产而降低递减的效果不明显。     

利用物质平衡法评价气井井间干扰

在对气藏投产过程中气井流动边界变化、单井动态储量变化和压降曲线变化分析的基础上,本文提出了五种不同压降特征曲线的物质平衡模型。反映了气井受到井间干扰后的不同压降特征。并利用某区块内一口典型气井进行了计算。结果表明,干扰后气井动态储量比干扰前明显减少。为利用气井生产数据准确判断气井的干扰程度和动态储量的准确计算提供了实用的方法。     

低渗透裂缝型碳酸盐岩酸压气井动态特征分析

低渗透裂缝型碳酸盐岩基质低孔低渗、天然裂缝发育,目前存在的酸压气井动态特征模型没有同时考虑储层基质低孔低渗引起的非达西渗流以及储层裂缝发育造成的储层应力敏感效应。为了分析低渗透裂缝型碳酸盐岩气藏酸压后渗流特征和产量递减规律,建立了考虑酸压改造程度、酸压改造范围、流体低速非达西流动、储层应力敏感的酸压气井渗流模型。首先针对气体拟压力形式的非线性非齐次的渗流方程进行Laplace空间变换,在Laplace空间利用摄动理论线性方程解的叠加原理进行求解,其次基于Duhamel叠加原理考虑了井储和表皮对渗流的影响,采用Stehfest数值反演方法得到实空间酸压气井不稳定产量和压力解,最后基于典型曲线特征分析了四类因素对酸压气井产量递减和井底压力动态特征的影响。结果表明:低渗透裂缝型碳酸盐岩酸压气井存在8个流动阶段,基质-裂缝窜流具有减缓产量递减速率的作用;低速非达西在生产中后期对产量递减影响明显,会削弱窜流对产量递减的补偿作用且明显降低气井产能;应力敏感在生产后期对产量递减的影响凸显,对气井递减率和产能影响较小;改造程度越高,产量递减率越大且产能下降越明显;改造范围越大,气井递减速率越稳产。结论认为:实际低渗透裂缝型碳酸盐岩气藏产能分析中,低速非达西渗流对产能的影响大于应力敏感对气井产能的影响;若以保持酸压气井稳定的产量递减速率为目标,增大改造范围比增大改造程度更重要。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.