一种聚合物驱潜力预测新方法的建立与应用

分析了聚合物驱开发效果的影响因素和影响程度,确定了影响因素的分类及权重系数,建立了油藏参数分级评分和权重评分相结合的聚合物驱综合评分计算方法。利用该方法计算了中国13个聚合物驱矿场应用实例的综合化评分。文中采用指数回归方法建立了聚合物驱综合评分与聚合物驱提高采收率的关系,即通过计算油田区块的聚合物驱综合评分来预测聚合物驱开发效果和潜力的方法。应用新方法预测了河南油田古城124和下二门H2II区块聚合物驱提高采收率值,与矿场实际开发效果的误差分别为3.8%和12.7%。新方法考虑影响因素客观、应用便捷,可快速评价油田聚合物驱开发潜力及可行性。     

海上油田高效开发技术探索与实践

在我国渤海湾相继发现40多亿t地质储量的原油,但这些原油多为稠油和重油,难以开发,在陆上油田开发经验不能用于海上,又无国际先例可借鉴的情况下,基于海上稠油开发历程及现状,深入分析了海上稠油油田开发面临的主要问题与挑战,有针对性地集成、创新了适合于海上稠油开采的先进技术,逐步建立完善了海上稠油高效开发思路和技术体系。该技术有效降低了油田开发成本,并成功地开发了被国际石油公司称为“21世纪挑战”的海上最大稠油油田。成功研发了开发海上边际油田的“三一模式”和“蜜蜂模式”,应用于渤海边际油田开发实践,并探索出一套适用于海上油田开发的优快钻完井技术。在此基础上,为了实现渤海油田产量进一步增长和大幅度提高采收率,经过长期技术探索与矿场实践,大胆提出了海上稠油高效开发新模式,即模糊一、二、三次采油界限,通过技术创新和创新技术集成,使油田在投产初期迅速达到高峰产量并高速开采,始终保持旺盛生产能力;采取多枝导流、控制适度出砂、早期注水、注水即注聚、注水注聚相结合等技术;通过以聚合物驱为主的提高采收率技术、多枝导流技术、电潜螺杆泵举升技术和地面除砂工艺等技术体系,在最短的时间内采出更多的原油,达到最大采收率。基于高效开发新模式思想,成功开发了迄今为止世界海上最稠的渤海南堡35-2油田,并已在多个油田进行应用。这一创新的认识与实践,不仅为我国海上油田开发探索出一条新路,也为世界海上油田,特别是稠油油田的开发提供了新思路的思考。     

一种水驱砂岩油藏采收率经验公式改进方法

针对海上油田开发井距大，储层砂体形态变化大、横向分布极不稳定的特点，在现有水驱砂岩油藏采收率经验公式使用普适性不足的情况下，综合考虑了水驱控制程度及注采井数比对油田采收率的影响，提出了考虑水驱控制程度及注采井数比的采收率随井网密度变化关系表达式。通过渤海油田开发案例验证表明：新公式能够更加科学合理描述海上油田采收率随井网密度的变化关系，并能够进行采收率预测及钻井工作量规划。该研究结果对油田开发方案编制及油田开发效果评价具有指导意义。     

水驱砂岩油田动态采收率计算新方法

为更好地评价油藏开发效果,指导油藏合理开发,对南海西部水驱砂岩油田开展动态采收率预测技术研究,预测油藏开发全生命周期采收率。提出利用单储相对压降系数来表征油藏开发过程中能量的变化,使不同类型油藏间对比分析更加科学合理;同时论证了利用水平井、直井产能比来表征水平井、直井井数折算比的可行性,解决了水平井、直井共同开发油藏井网密度计算的难题。在采收率影响因素分析的基础上,利用53个开发单元生产动态数据,推导了南海西部天然能量充足和天然能量不足油藏动态采收率预测公式,实现了采收率预测的动态实时性,在南海西部海上油田应用效果较好。     

海上稠油火烧油层物理模拟实验研究

为探索海上稠油火烧油层开发的可行性,针对渤海稠油油藏开展了火烧油层物理模拟实验。根据石油沥青组分测定法,分析渤海稠油原油组分;通过热失重与扫描量热同步热分析仪测试活化能等高温氧化反应动力学参数;采用一维燃烧管实验模拟评价燃烧稳定性及驱油效果。研究结果表明,渤海稠油组分特征与国内陆上油田相似;稠油高温氧化活化能为157 kJ/mol,与陆上油田相近;油藏火驱前缘推进稳定,燃烧前缘最高温度773 K左右,出口CO₂浓度长期稳定在12%以上,高温氧化燃烧状态良好;火烧驱油效率95.1%,空气油比548 m³/t,驱油效果较好。研究成果为海上稠油油藏火烧油层开发提供技术支持。     

渤海海上窄条状油田稳油控水研究及应用

渤海海上窄条状油田含油层系为新近系明化镇组下段,为分支河道型浅水三角洲沉积,具有平面上呈窄条状分布(平均宽度300 m)、纵向叠合程度差、厚度薄、层间矛盾突出、含水上升快等特点,且国内外对该类型油田并无成熟经验可以借鉴,导致开发难度大。近年来渤海针对窄条状油田含水上升速度快的特点,开展了该类型油田稳油控水技术攻关研究:推导了窄条状油田注采井网见水时间公式,并利用均衡驱替原理对注采井组进行调整;研究了周期注水在窄条状油田中低含水期的应用,取得了较大进展。已经成功应用到了渤海海上窄条带状油田中,含水上升率明显下降,已实现累增油40万m3,取得了很好的应用效果。     

海上稠油聚合物驱关键技术研究与矿场试验

在深入分析海上稠油聚合物驱提高采收率的难点与挑战的基础上,通过近10年的攻关和矿场试验,研制出适合海上稠油油藏条件的驱替液技术、平台聚合物配注技术、海上稠油含聚采出液处理技术及早期注聚效果评价等一系列技术,初步形成了海上油田聚合物驱油技术体系,并在渤海绥中36-1、旅大10-1及锦州9-3等3个油田进行了不同规模的现场试验,取得了明显的增油降水效果。证明了聚合物驱提高采收率技术在海上稠油油田应用的技术可行性和经济有效性,为海上油田高效开发探索出了一条崭新的道路,具有广阔的应用前景。     

孤东油田馆陶组水驱特征与调整挖潜对策研究

通过建立"均质系数"概念,对孤东油田开发单元进行分类,综合利用相渗模型法、经验公式法等方法,计算了不同水驱开发单元驱油效率、体积波及系数和采收率.提出了不同类型开发单元下步提高采收率的方向,Ⅰ类单元主要是提高纵向波及程度,Ⅱ类单元主要是提高驱油效率和体积波及系数,Ⅲ类单元要进一步提高储量动用程度.分析表明,目前孤东油田的三类开发单元均有一定调整潜力.     

注水开发油田进行注气开发的可行性研究

注水是油田开发中使用最为普遍的开采方式,但水驱采收率一般不高,探索水驱后如何提高采收率一直是广大科技工作者思考的问题。注气是一种较好的提高采收率技术,在水驱后油田注气潜力如何还不清楚。在此分析了国内外油田水驱后注气项目实施情况,并对我国一些油田实例进行了评价,对我国油田水驱后注气开发的实施有较好的指导意义。     

海上油田二元复合驱后弱凝胶调驱可行性分析

为解决海上油田二元复合驱后,部分油组层间矛盾加剧,注入流体多沿高渗条带及大孔道突进的问题,通过对渤海JZ油田储层非均质性、温压系统、边水能量、地层水矿化度等因素的分析以及三管并联模型开展系列物理模拟实验,研究了海上油田二元复合驱后弱凝胶调驱可行性。结果表明,弱凝胶体系先进入渗流阻力较小的高渗层,增加其渗流阻力,使得注入压力增加,中、低渗层吸液压差随之增加,吸液量增加,且注入水转向进入中、低渗透层,使其剩余油饱和度降低,动用程度增加,弱凝胶调驱阶段采出程度为17.81%,最终采收率值为71.62%。可见,弱凝胶调驱可作为海上油田二元复合驱后提高采收率的方法。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.