一种灰度图象的自适应分割算法

利用遗传算法的高效搜索性能和模糊集合理论能较好地描述问题的模糊性和随机性，提出了基于遗传算法的最大模糊熵快速分割算法，将遗传算法和模糊集合理论结合起来应用于灰度图象单闽值和多阈值分割．实验结果证明该方法有效地实现了快速分割，并具有较好的鲁棒性．     

一种新的文本预处理方法研究

文本预处理是整个字符识别系统的重要组成部分．它的性能的优劣，对整个字符识别系统的识别率和识别速度至关重要．由于汉字印刷文稿版面的复杂性，其文本预处理远比西文困难．本文提出了一种新的文本预处理方法．实现了含有文字字符，图形，图片和表格的、版面结构复杂的数字图象的分割．整个算法分为两个阶段完成：首先，从图形的连通原则出发，定义了扩展连通域的概念，对整个文本图象逐行扫描，搜索出所有的扩展连通域，进而通过集合的交、并操作，将属于一个字符或图象、图片和表格的若干个扩展连通域合并．这时扩展连通域已标记文本图象中的字符尺寸大小和位置．然后，基于同一行字符的间距的知识，将扩展连通域合并为逻辑字符行（横，竖）；由字符行的高（宽）度的一致性及间距的知识，将逻辑字符行合并为逻辑块：按照印刷文稿的排版规律完成版面的结构识别、并将标记字符位置和大小的扩展连通域的顺序按版面结构信息重新组合，最后把字符规范为一定尺寸的点阵图象输出到字符识别器．本文提出的文本预处理方法已经实现．经实际运行测试表明，系统对于复杂版面的文件，书刊和报纸的文本图象的分割，具有较好的效果．     

一种使用（ε,δ）连接区域分割图象的新算法

图象中目标具有相似灰度特征，在分割中，我们应考虑区域的整体灰度以及邻象素灰度的变化，它们依靠于范围参数ε和毗邻参数δ。本文介绍了灰度图象的（ε，δ连续区域及其模糊边缘测度，提出了通过相对模糊边缘度调整（ε，δ）参数，利用（ε，δ）目标连接集分割图象的一种新算法。实验结果表明该算法分割效果较好，提取边缘精度较高。     

植根区域生长法(SRG)中的边界像素及其改进算法

根植区域生长法(Seeded Region Growing)是处理图象分割的一种快捷的半自动算法([1]，R．Adams and L．Bischof，1994)，也是目前处理图象问题的一种公认的有效方法和技术．边界像素对该算法的行为及效果有着微妙的但却是重要的．在应用中我们发现，当分割块处于狭窄连通状态时，这一算法常常是失败的，而失败的结果通常会导致原始图象的细节失真或者过分地依赖种子的选择．针对这一问题，我们对R．Adams和L．Bischof的植根区域生长法进行了改进，给出了一个有效算法，解决了原来算法对狭窄连通分割块失败的问题．     

基于模糊阈值的图象分割方法

叙述了采用模糊阈值进行图象分割的基本原理，提出了简化资格函数形式和采用直方图中值滤波处理方法，算法简单直观，计算机仿真表明图象分割结果比较理想．     

基于小波和模糊理论的纹理分割方法

提出了一种基于小波和模糊理论的纹理分割方法,该方法首先对图象进行高阶小波分解,得到一系列分辨率不同的子图象;然后采用模糊聚类方法从最低分辨率图象进行聚类,将低一级的分割结果扩展后再应用于较高级分辨率,一直到最高分辨率为止,这样就得到一个原始图象的初始分割;最后引入空间约束算法,得到原始图象的粗细分割结果．由于考虑了图象象素之间的相互关系,故提高了分割的准确性．仿真结果表明该方法是比较有效的．     

基于边缘强度的图象分割

介绍一种根据边缘强度进行象素灰度值加权平均以获得分割门限，与一般通过友度直方图找寻分割门限以进行图象分割的方法不同，不仅能消除噪声的影响，而且对友度分布不均匀的图象通过分区处理效果更好。还详细讨论该方法的工作原理及算法．     

区间值模糊图的最优匹配

本文给出区间值模糊图连通的充要条件,然后利用区间值的期望值定义了连通的区间值模糊图的路和匹配的强度;通过强度提出了区间值模糊图的最优匹配的概念,最后给出了一个匹配是最优匹配的充要条件和其相关的结论.     

基于模糊散度的图象分割

从模糊集合的观念出发，将交叉熵和模糊散度应用于图象分割，先讨论类间最大模糊散度分割算法，接着分析类内最小模糊散度分割算法。最后对这两类算法的适用性和通用性进行了比较。     

模糊连接度在图像分割中的应用研究

图像分割是图像处理与图像分析的关键步骤。由于人的视觉特性和数字图像本身所具有的不确定性因素,使得图像分割是典型的结构不良问题。在解决这方面问题时,模糊集合理论能产生比较好的分割结果。将模糊连接度方法应用于图像分割,使得模糊集理论在图像分割中的应用又前进了一步,基于模糊连接度的分割方法进行了综述,主要介绍模糊连接度方法,相对模糊连接度方法,模糊连接度和Voronoi图分类结合的方法,模糊连接度和FCM方法相结合的方法,模糊连接度上增加属性检测的方法。并简要讨论了各种方法的优点以及应用情况。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with