CF／PEEK复合材料的摩擦磨损行为研究

研究了碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮（ＣＦ／ＰＥＥＫ）复合材料的摩擦磨损行为．结果表明复合材料的摩擦系数与磨损率依赖于材料中纤维的含量，在１０％～２０％范围有最低值，并对载荷有明显的依赖性．纤维含量的影响是碳纤维本身的减摩阻磨性和其对纤维在树脂中所处的分散状态及纤维在作用中的变化的依赖性有关；而载荷的影响则与树脂在作用过程中产生热后所处的物理状态有关．由于纤维对材料的摩擦尤其是磨损性能可能产生不利的影响，如纤维受磨减薄后产生的碎片导致磨料性磨损，而这种影响可通过复合材料的制备工艺来达到一定程度的控制，制备工艺对获得理想材料至关重要     

硫系与磷系添加剂对植物油抗磨性能的影响

由于传统润滑油对环境的破坏作用,以及石油资源的逐渐减少,开发新型的、可生物降解的润滑油代替矿物润滑油具有重大的社会和经济意义。为了合理开发出可生物降解润滑油,以菜籽油为基础油,选用了硫系（T321和T322）与磷系（T307）添加剂为基础添加剂,研究了它们在菜籽油中的摩擦学性能。实验结果表明：与加入T322和T307相比,在菜籽油中加入添加剂T321和T307的平均最大无卡咬负荷值,与磨斑直径为1.0mm的载荷Pd1.0分别平均提高7.35%和19.53%,钢球在载荷为392N时,30min长磨时间的磨斑直径平均降低5.07％,因此,在菜籽油中加入T321和T307的抗磨性能和极压性能较好。     

汽轮机在线性能分析BP神经网络模型

为了提高汽轮机在线性能分析系统的健壮性、精确性和抗干扰能力，对BP网络算法进行拓展，增强其网络功能。使之能够分析网络输入参数偏差对输出参数的影响，建立了一种新的汽机在线性能分析模型．与常规在线分析模型相比，该模型只需常规模型输入参数个数的1/5，大大减小了测量设备损坏对在线系统的影响；而且该模型分析结果精确、可靠，测定的热耗结果与常规分析结果误差不超过1％．另外，该模型容错性能良好，参数在2％内波动对分析结果无太大影响．     

基于神经网络的受流器滑块材料载流磨损预测

针对我国电气化铁路和磁浮交通对受流器滑块材料的性能要求,采用冷压烧结粉末冶金法制备了铜石墨材料,考察了该材料的载流磨损行为.结果表明:试样的磨损率随着试验载荷、速度、电流密度的增加而增大.载流条件下电流产生的电弧热是磨损率增加的主要因素.建立了摩擦磨损试验参数与磨损率之间的人工神经网络模型.以载荷、速度、电流密度作为网络的3个输入,以运行100km后试样的磨损率作为网络的1个输出,调试设计了一个3×3×1的反向传播(BP)神经网络.对神经网络的训练和检验表明该BP神经网络能够较好地预测影响因素对材料载流滑动磨损的作用,预测值与试验值的误差在10%以内,其仿真精度能够满足实际的磨损预测要求.     

含有立方非线性刚度局部碰磨转子的分岔与混沌分析

考虑转子系统中转轴材料的物理非线性因素．建立同时含有线性和立方非线性刚度的碰磨转子的动力学模型．用数值积分方法、分岔图、Poincare截面、轴心轨迹、幅值谱等典型的数值方法研究了系统随不平衡量变化时碰磨转子的分岔与混沌行为，研究发现，系统具有阵发性混沌、周期解、幅值跳跃等非线性动力学行为，研究结果为此类系统的安全运行和故障识别提供了一定的理论参考。     

二烷基二硫代磷酸锌在菜籽油中的摩擦学机理分析

通过四球机磨损试验和对试球磨损表面进行的X射线光电子能谱分析，研究了二烷基二硫代磷酸锌（Zinc dialkyl-dithiophosphate，简称ZDDP）对菜籽油（RO）摩擦学性能的影响、磨斑表面主要元素的化学状态，并探讨了ZDDP在RO中摩擦作用机理。研究结果表明，ZDDP在RO中的最佳添加量为2．0％；ZDDP可以提高RO的极压性和抗磨性；ZDDP在RO中摩擦作用机理为ZDDP热分解，分解的产物在摩擦过程中发生摩擦化学反应，形成了由磷酸盐、硫酸盐、摩擦聚合物等组成的聚合膜；ZDDP还通过对摩擦副表面的改性，摩擦生成的单质态Zn原子沉积在金属表面，形成铁锌固溶体，增强了摩擦表面的抗磨能力。     

负荷车电涡流缓速器加载控制系统研究

为能更真实反映被试拖拉机牵引特性,对负荷车加载系统进行了改进,建立了负荷车加载系统传递函数模型。以牵引力载荷谱随机信号为输入,采用BP神经网络算法对加载系统进行动态加载控制,以输出不同类型的作业载荷。对系统响应特性进行了动态分析,在此基础上进行了道路试验验证,证明加载系统的有效性。在该控制模式下系统仿真载荷输出延迟0.12s,最大超调量为3.1%;路试载荷输出延迟0.22s,最大超调量为4.2%。试验结果表明,BP神经网络PID控制的系统输出载荷对输入载荷具有更好的跟随效果,比传统PID控制响应性好,开发的负荷车加载系统输出载荷能够较好再现拖拉机实际牵引载荷。     

水平井眼中管柱变形方程的实验仿真

以已有的三维井眼中管柱正弦屈曲和螺旋屈曲行为分析模型软件为基础，根据物理相似原理，设计了井眼中管柱屈曲变形的小尺寸模拟实验装置．通过改变管柱变形微分方程中包含的无因次轴力β、无因交摩擦及数γl和无因次轴力分布系数γ2的值，利用该装置对管柱在水平井中的临界载荷、载荷传递效率、变形效应等进行模拟实验．试验结果表明：粘压传递、位移与载荷的实验结果与理论计算值之间的最大差值不超过10％，临界屈曲载荷的理论值与实验值之差不超过6％．本文的结果可为修正理论模型提供指导，使理论模型能更好地指导现场的油井管柱施工作业．     

三体磨粒磨损中摩擦副表面粗糙度预测研究

为了实现动态机械设计,对预测摩擦副表面粗糙度的变化进行了研究．在三体磨损状态下,建立了摩擦副表面轮廓高度概率分布密度的预测模型．算例表明：表面形貌的变化不仅与磨程而且与所考察的轮廓线沿２ 个表面相对运动方向的位置有关,其预测结果与实验结果相符合     

浆体流变参数建模及仿真预测

采用传统的数学函数关系难以表达和揭示浆体流变参数影响规律．章以主要影响因素正交试验结果为基础。利用神经网络理论，建立了4个输人单元和2个输出单元的3层BP神经网络模型．采用该模型仿真和预测新试验样品的流变参数，并与实测参数对比．结果表明；预测准确率达90％以上，可以用于指导工程应用中浆体配比与制各．     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.