厂区天然气泄漏扩散的数值模拟研究

根据危险性气体空间泄漏扩散的特点,对厂区天然气等危险性轻质气体泄漏扩散运动进行了数值模拟,着重研究了大气风向风速、泄漏射流方向和泄漏时间对危险性轻质气体(天然气)空间泄漏扩散浓度场和危险性区域的影响.其中大气主导风的风速对气体扩散浓度和扩散危险性区域有很大的影响,如等值线图模拟的条件下,在x方向上,风速v=0.5 m.s-1比v=5.0 m.s-1条件下危险性区域大155 m.     

制冷剂有限时间泄漏扩散模型

针对高斯模型不能计算有限时间泄漏扩散场浓度的缺陷，研究并得到了储罐系统制冷剂泄漏时质量泄漏速度与时间的关系式，建立了制冷剂一维、三维扩散数学物理模型，通过求解模型解析解和数值解，解决了制冷剂储罐有限时间泄漏扩散的浓度分布问题，比较了点源有限时间泄漏扩散模型和高斯烟雨模型的精度，结果表明，前者更能反映泄漏制冷剂的实际扩散过程．     

基于FLUENT的氯乙烯泄漏扩散特性数值模拟研究

氯乙烯意外泄漏扩散时,很容易造成人员伤亡和环境破坏。采用Fluent仿真软件对氯乙烯气体泄漏及其外流场进行数值模拟,分析环境风速对气体泄漏扩散的影响。研究发现:在无风条件下,氯乙烯气体泄漏后堆积在近地面,扩散缓慢,泄漏云团整体呈现圆形;当环境风速为2m/s时,氯乙烯气体在环境风、重力和初速度共同影响下,近地面形成了气体云团后,气云逐渐往下风向移动。云团扩大的同时,浓度不断稀释,云团整体呈现椭圆形。     

半无限区域上常系数对流扩散方程的解析解

主要在半无限区域内研究均匀介质、稳定流条件下的二维对流扩散方程的解析解,针对常系数下两个问题：采用Laplace变换和Fourier变换相结合,求得连续一致输入浓度的下对流扩散方程的解析解;变坐标变换和Laplace变换,求输入连续增长性质下对流扩散方程的解析解.在得出相应的解析解后,与已有的解析解进行和数值解进行比较.     

基于MATLAB的液氨瞬时泄漏模拟及应急措施研究

利用高斯烟团模型建立地面瞬时泄漏源气体扩散浓度分布模型,运用MATLAB软件对模型进行数值模拟,将结果可视化,分析氨气的泄漏扩散过程,最终求得氨气云团扩散形成的中毒危险区范围和氨气云团消散失去毒害作用需要扩散的时间和距离.经计算,氨气云团扩散60s后能形成的中毒危险区范围是以x=120m,y=0为圆心,半径为50.7m的圆,氨气云团消散失去毒害作用需要扩散的时间为480s后,此时氨气云团的中心位于(1 068,0,0).该计算结果可对有毒有害气体泄漏后预测扩散危险区范围提供相关依据.     

LPG储罐泄漏喷射火灾过程模拟

喷射火灾是指由具有一定压力的单相或两相可燃介质从有限大小的出口泄漏,遇到火源而引起的火灾.液化石油气(LPG)储罐由于化学、机械或热冲击等不同原因发生泄漏时,储罐内气液两相介质在巨大的压差下从泄漏口喷出,遇到火源即形成喷射火灾,极易造成严重的危害后果.运用FDS软件,模拟了有风和无风条件下LPG储罐连续泄漏造成的喷射火灾情况,得到了火焰的热辐射变化规律和火焰发生发展情况.模拟结果表明,对于所研究的特定情况,为了避免人员伤亡和设备损坏,安全半径至少应设置在距离火焰中心25m以外.这一结果与文献中采用点火源模型预测的结果吻合良好,表明所建模型是可行的.     

基于FLACS的汽油储罐可燃气体泄漏的流场分析

罐区油品储存量大，具有较高的泄漏风险，一旦发生泄漏，可燃气体遇火源易发生火灾、爆炸等事故，甚至引发后果更为严重的多米诺效应，而可燃气体探测器作为重要的保护层持续监控现场，对保障现场安全生产和风险预警具有重大意义。以某罐区汽油泄漏为例，通过FLACS软件建立汽油储罐泄漏扩散计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics, CFD)模型，根据现行标准GB/T 50493—2019在泄漏源周围设置候选监测点，结果表明：部分距泄漏源10 m范围内的监测点不能检测到可燃气体，说明探测器的设置应遵循可燃气体扩散规律；对于比空气重的可燃气体的检测，建议探测器的最佳安装高度为0.3 m。     

基于FLACS的汽油储罐可燃气体泄漏的流场分析

罐区油品储存量大，具有较高的泄漏风险，一旦发生泄漏，可燃气体遇火源易发生火灾、爆炸等事故，甚至引发后果更为严重的多米诺效应，而可燃气体探测器作为重要的保护层持续监控现场，对保障现场安全生产和风险预警具有重大意义。以某罐区汽油泄漏为例，通过FLACS软件建立汽油储罐泄漏扩散计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics, CFD)模型，根据现行标准GB/T 50493—2019在泄漏源周围设置候选监测点，结果表明：部分距泄漏源10 m范围内的监测点不能检测到可燃气体，说明探测器的设置应遵循可燃气体扩散规律；对于比空气重的可燃气体的检测，建议探测器的最佳安装高度为0.3 m。     

汽油储罐泄漏扩散三维动态研究

10 000 m³的立式内浮顶储罐在成品油站场中数量最多,为研究汽油泄漏扩散行为,考虑相邻罐之间的影响,通过FLACS软件,按照标准建立罐区三维模型,基于pool模块,分别讨论液池和可燃气云在不同泄漏速率、温度、风速影响下的扩散行为。研究结果表明,双罐区的液池和气云扩散主要受相邻储罐的阻挡而绕流扩散,随后与单罐区一样,受到防火堤的约束;根据在30 s形成的液池面积大小及可燃气体扩散最远距离来评价汽油泄漏后的灾害严重程度,发现泄漏速率越大、风速较小且稳定时,液池及可燃气云扩散速度越快,危险程度越高,而温度对液池扩展及气云扩散影响较小;结合监测点的实时气体浓度信息及GB 50493——2019相关规定,建议罐区可燃气体探测器设置在泄漏源附近,高度设置为0.3 m。     

改进高斯烟团模型的多气体源泄露扩散模型

本文针对高斯烟团模型在多稳定气体源泄露扩散模型建立上的欠缺问题，提出多稳定气体源泄露扩散模型。根据气体源位置和环境风速信息，对坐标轴进行平移和旋转变换，构建变换后坐标和变换前坐标的数学转换公式，将多气体源的泄露扩散过程建模为多个高斯烟团的叠加过程，建立适用于预测多稳定气体源泄露扩散趋势的改进高斯烟团模型。最后，以研究多个氯气气体源泄漏扩散问题为例，基于改进高斯烟团模型，根据毒物浓度时间伤害准则对其泄漏后的危险区域进行划分。仿真实验结果表明，该模型具有较好的参考价值。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.