马尾松桐棉种源优树子代遗传测定与选择

随着马尾松桐棉种源天然林大面积减少、选育程度提高以及遗传多样性减少,有必要开展马尾松桐棉种源优树子代生长性状遗传变异规律研究,筛选遗传品质优良的马尾松家系和单株,为马尾松桐棉种源天然种群的保护和遗传改良提供参考。本文以74个马尾松桐棉种源优树子代半同胞家系为材料,测定其胸径、树高等生长性状,进行遗传变异分析,并将主坐标降维分析与遗传增益分析相结合筛选优良家系与单株。结果表明,马尾松桐棉种源各生长性状(胸径、树高和单株材积)分化明显且家系间差异显著(P<0.05),家系遗传力由大到小依次为单株材积(0.224 5)、胸径(0.107 5)、树高(0.091 0)。采用主坐标分析筛选出8个优良家系,胸径、树高和单株材积的遗传增益分别为1.42%、0.71%、6.68%;从8个优良家系中筛选出23株优良单株,各性状遗传增益分别为5.50%、1.88%、29.15%,选择效果显著。综上,马尾松桐棉种源优树子代生长性状在家系间具有较大的选育潜力,选择出的优良家系和单株可为马尾松桐棉种源天然种群的保护和遗传改良提供极佳的种质资料。     

马尾松子代测定及优良家系选择

以15 a生马尾松子代林为研究对象,通过调查51个家系及1个对照的树高、胸径、地径等生长性状,计算其家系遗传力、单株遗传力、变异系数等遗传参数.结果表明:不同家系间树高、胸径、材积等性状存在极显著差异;树高、胸径、材积变异系数分别为12.37%,27.55%和57.85%,优树子代性状生长表现较好,具有较大的遗传变异潜力;树高、胸径和材积的家系遗传力分别高达79.87%,65.23%和66.6%.以各性状平均值+1/4标准差为临界值,按材积、胸径、树高4∶3∶3进行综合评价,选择7个生长表现好的家系,其树高、胸径、材积平均值为11.08 m,14.45 cm和0.095 9 m3,分别比对照高6.6%,21.3%和37.8%,平均遗传增益分别为4.22%,7.84%和18.29%.     

闽楠优树子代生长性状与形质性状综合选择

测定、分析福建省永安国有林场闽楠8个种源41个家系的生长性状与形质性状及其遗传变异规律.结果表明:闽楠家系在树高、胸径、单株材积生长性状上差异均达到极显著水平,通直度形质性状差异达到显著水平;冠幅、分枝度差异未达到显著水平.以11 a林龄单株材积和树高、胸径、通直度作为选择依据,综合选出7个优良家系,平均树高、胸径、单株材积分别为8.68 m,11.48 cm,0.047 743 m3,家系遗传力分别为0.872 5,0.791 7,0.855 7,平均遗传增益分别为12.96%,16.84%,48.51%.这些优良家系可用于闽楠造林绿化和无性繁殖.     

两地点8年生柏木生长性状家系变异及选择

【目的】揭示柏木生长性状的遗传变异规律,为高阶遗传改良筛选优良种质,选择优良家系,及其区域推广奠定基础。【方法】以营建在浙江省开化县林场(KH)和湖北省太子山林场(TZS)两个试验点的8年生柏木优树子代家系为材料,分析其生长性状的遗传变异,估算其育种值、遗传力等参数。【结果】柏木生长性状(树高、胸径和材积)的遗传变异系数为3.08%～13.93%,其中材积的变异最大。子代家系的树高、胸径和材积在地点间差异显著,TZS点的单株材积高于KH点315.79%,且家系与地点间的交互效应显著。胸径、树高和材积具有显著的家系效应,KH和TZS试验点的家系遗传力变幅分别为0.42～0.61和0.58～0.74。KH和TZS试验点分别以单株材积育种值大于CK的10%和45%为标准,各选出6个优良家系,现实增益分别为33.51%和67.95%。利用独立淘汰法,在KH点和TZS点各筛选优良单株17和12株,材积的遗传增益分别为41.38%和40.92%。【结论】8年生柏木优树子代家系生长性状具有较大的遗传改良潜力,但家系与环境的互作效应显著;通过子代家系的遗传评价有助于种子园建园亲本的再选择和现有种子园的...     

红松半同胞家系生长性状变异分析与优良家系选择

【目的】分析红松(Pinus koraiensis)半同胞家系生长性状的遗传变异,选择优良家系,为红松高世代遗传改良提供材料。【方法】以吉林露水河国家红松良种基地内红松半同胞家系子代测定林为研究对象,对34个家系(包括对照1个)不同林龄(18、23、27 a)时期的生长性状进行家系间差异性比较、遗传参数估算、表型相关与遗传相关分析,综合各林龄阶段家系生长表现,以材积和育种值为主要指标进行优良家系选择。【结果】不同林龄时期,树高、胸径、材积的家系间差异均达到极显著水平。材积家系间差异主要受遗传效应影响,随林龄增长,作用逐渐加强。树高与胸径主要受遗传效应、遗传与环境互作效应共同影响,冠幅主要受环境效应影响。4个性状中,树高变异相对较小,材积变异较大。树高、胸径、材积受较强遗传控制,冠幅受中低遗传控制。林龄18~23 a时,树高、胸径、材积的家系遗传力呈下降趋势;林龄23~27 a时,遗传力变幅较小,表现趋于稳定。遗传进展变化趋势与遗传变异系数变化趋势一致,表现为树高、胸径、材积随林龄增长有所下降,林龄23 a后变幅缩小,基本稳定。生长性状间表型相关与遗传相关均表现为正相关关系。胸径与材积遗传相关达到极显著水平;树高与材积遗传相关随林龄增长逐渐减弱;冠幅与材积遗传相关随林龄增长逐渐加强。对参试家系3个林龄时期的生长表现进行综合分析与评价,筛选出优良家系2个,二者材积均值高出对照25.84%,高出参试家系平均值50.00%,高出表现较差的1331号家系114.29%。【结论】所选1302号、1046号优良家系材积现实增益显著,可为红松高世代育种提供基础材料,对今后红松生长性状的遗传改良以及大径材定向培育等具有积极意义。     

闽楠优树子代测定林生长性状差异及聚类分析

调查分析福建省永安国有林场8个种源43个家系的8 a生闽楠优树子代测定林.结果表明:不同家系间胸径、树高、材积等性状生长差异极显著.平均胸径6.14 cm,变异系数23.35%;平均树高4.98 m,变异系数21.16%;平均材积0.009 1 m3,变异系数60.11%.不同家系胸径、树高、材积的遗传力分别是86.32%,96.23%,88.84%.对胸径、树高、材积进行系统聚类分析、综合排序,开展闽楠优良家系选择.入选家系按排序分别为NP606,NP617,NP607,NP602,Sx04,Yp602,NP608,NP601,入选的优良家系可用作闽楠育种群体和无性繁殖材料.     

26年生马尾松初级种子园半同胞子代变异及家系选择

【目的】研究马尾松全轮伐期半同胞家系的遗传变异并进行选择评价,为马尾松高世代遗传改良提供可靠依据。【方法】对南宁市林业科学研究所26年生马尾松初级种子园169个半同胞家系子代测定林进行长期定位观测,分析了树高、胸径和材积3个性状的方差分析、遗传力分析和家系选择。 【结果】家系间树高、胸径、材积存在极显著差异,表明马尾松初级无性系种子园的半同胞家系间存在丰富的变异,改良潜力较大; 分别有2.96%和5.33%的家系材积生长量低于古蓬种源和武鸣种源,表明建园优树无性系具有较好的基因型; 树高、胸径和材积的家系遗传力分别为0.555、0.466和0.423,属中等至高等遗传力; 3个性状的单株遗传力分别为0.219、0.128和0.111,属低等遗传力; 家系遗传力和单株遗传力均表现为树高>胸径>材积,即树高具有较强遗传力。【结论】以家系材积均值和材积变异系数作为选择指标进行马尾松优良家系选择,其中37、98、107、113和137号5个家系入选,可作为优良家系进行推广应用。     

苏南杉木优质高产优树的子代选择

对苏南杉木５０个优树自由授粉半同胞家系林１２ａ木材基本密度测定表明，优树子代有显著变异，家系间变异〉家系内变异。木材性状与树高有显著中等强度负遗传相关与胸径，材积的负遗传相关不明显。性状变异的大小为树高〉胸径〉基本密度。供试群体中有９个家系子代生长和材性优于对照。经材积生长与材性性状两阶段独立选择法联合改良，选出句东２４，漂黄１，句１２，句１４四个优质高产的当地杉木优良家系，１２ａ材积遗传增益达１     

杉木第二代种子园自由授粉子代遗传变异及优良家系选择

对福建省洋口国有林场一片15年生杉木第二代子代测定林的主要生长性状进行统计分析（参试家系为238个）结果表明,参试的各家系在树高、胸径、材积性状间的差异表达到极显著水平。以材积性状作为主要指标,同时兼顾树高、胸径指标,对参试家系进行选择,选出4088号家系等表现最好的33个家系,15年生时平均单株树高、胸径、材积值分别为1390m、1574cm、015485m3,遗传增益分别为158%、412%、和987%,平均现实遗传增益为2836%,这些优良家系适合在福建顺昌洋口周边II类立地条件下推广应用。     

杉木第4代育种候选群体的12年生全同胞子代测定表现与选择

【目的】福建-南京林业大学合作的杉木多世代遗传改良计划,于2006年起陆续开展第4代育种候选群体的遗传资源创制、测定和评价。本研究旨在通过全同胞子代测定(第4代育种候选群体系列测定之一),为2016年启动的杉木第4代种子园营建技术研究和后续的生产性种子园建设提供优良亲本。【方法】 分别测定了杉木第4代候选群体中第2批1个12年生全同胞家系测定林1~12 a树高,4、5、 6、9和12 a的胸径,计算参试家系的单株平均材积;选取所有小区家系内的12年生的最优单株,采集胸高木芯样品测定木材基本密度和红心材比例。根据参试家系生长性状年度均值和变异系数评价家系生长性状稳定性;在方差分析基础上,估算遗传方差和遗传力;比较不同林龄、不同选择率以及早期选择对12年生时入选家系的准确率和材积遗传增益的影响。最后,以材积遗传增益为主要指标,兼顾材性性状,开展优良全同胞家系和家系内优良单株选择,预测入选家系和单株的遗传增益。【结果】 杉木第4代候选群体第2批62个全同胞子代测定结果表明,参试家系12 a平均树高、胸径、单株材积生长量、木材基本密度和红心材比例分别达到12.63 m、15.2 cm、0.136 8 m³、0.328 0 g/cm³和40.76%。参试家系所有性状的遗传方差均达到统计学极显著差异水平,候选群体中存在真实的遗传差异。家系树高、胸径和单株材积狭义遗传力分别为0.246、0.358和0.329,家系内最优单株树高、胸径及单株材积狭义遗传力分别为0.464、0.687、0.680。以12 a材积生长量性状为优选基准,兼顾木材基本密度和红心材比例,进行优良家系和家系内优良单株的综合选择,筛选出10个速生全同胞家系,其平均树高、胸径、单株材积、基本密度和红心材比例分别为13.34 m、17.0 cm、0.176 3 m³、0.320 2 g/cm³ 和40.76%。入选家系平均材积遗传增益幅度为6.14%~21.60%。中选的19个优良个体的材积生长量遗传增益幅度为58.62%~178.20%(平均为83.12%)。12年生最优家系木材基本密度达0.363 3 g/cm³,家系内最优单株木材基本密度最高达0.476 4 g/cm³。19个中选优良单株的材积平均遗传增益为83.12%,木材基本密度提高10%以上,红心材比例提高12.78%。这批材积生长量遗传增益突出,木材基本密度高,红心材比例高的优良家系和优良单株,不但是营建第4代种子园重要亲本来源,而且也是优良无性系培育和推广应用的重要遗传资源基础。本研究还对家系的树高、胸径和材积生长量稳定性、选择率对遗传增益的影响,以及家系材积生长量早晚相关及其早期选择年龄等进行了分析。结果表明,以材积为生长量的综合指标,家系选择率15%时,无论4、5还是6 a时的早期选择结果,与12 a选择入选家系的符合度与遗传增益均达到最高值。这说明杉木第4代遗传改良中,据4~6 a幼林的材积生长表现开展早期选择,不仅可行有效,还大幅度节约了时间,缩短了育种周期。【结论】 杉木第4代遗传改良的1个候选群体在生长发育和木材性能方面存在丰富的遗传变异。这些在材积生长量、基材密度和红心材比例等方面遗传增益较高的优良亲本和重选优良个体不仅是杉木第4代种子园建立的重要亲本来源,还是杉木优良无性系选择的重要遗传资源。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme     

WIMAX与WI-FI技术分析及联合组网

介绍了WiMAX与Wi-Fi两种无线宽带接入技术,并对两者之间的关系及相互之间的影响做了对比及分析,并对WiMAX的关键技术进行了详细说明,最后对两者的联合组网方式做了简单的探讨。