不同形式路面表面功能对比研究

为改善路面行车舒适性与安全性,采用手动铺砂法、动态摩擦测试仪法、车载声强(OBSI)轮胎/路面噪声测试法对于横向刻槽、纵向刻槽、露石、金刚石研磨水泥混凝土路面、开级配沥青混凝土路面的构造深度、动态摩擦系数、轮胎/路面噪声进行了对比研究。结果表明:纵向刻槽水泥混凝土路面构造深度大于露石、金刚石研磨、横向刻槽水泥混凝土路面。车速增加,路面动态摩擦系数不断减小,其中纵向刻槽路面的动态摩擦系数稍高于横向刻槽及金刚石研磨路面。同时开级配沥青混凝土路面比刻槽、金刚石研磨、露石的混凝土4个形式路面的噪声水平降低5~10 d B,其降噪效果良好。     

水泥混凝土路面抗滑功能衰减模拟试验研究

为研究不同类型水泥混凝土路面的抗滑功能衰减,自行研制开发水泥混凝土路面加速磨损仪,并用于对刻槽、拉毛和拉槽混凝土路面板进行室内模拟加速磨损试验,采用摆式摩擦系数测试法和磨损深度测试法对路面抗滑构造的测试。试验结果表明:刻槽混凝土路面板的抗滑衰减分为两个阶段,第一阶段为表面砂浆的磨损,抗滑功能衰减较快,第二阶段为砂浆和粗骨料共同抵抗磨损作用,抗滑构造变化缓慢;拉毛混凝土路面板抗滑功能的衰减呈现初期快、中期缓慢、后期稳定的趋势;拉槽混凝土路面板初期磨损较快,后期变化缓慢,路面的砂浆层并没有出现因磨损过度而裸露粗骨料。     

横向刻槽混凝土路面轮胎滑水速度数值模拟研究

为了研究横向刻槽混凝土路面的抗滑性能,分析刻槽的几何尺寸对轮胎滑水速度的影响,在ABAQUS软件中建立子午线轮胎模型、横向刻槽混凝土路面模型和紊流流体模型,依据欧拉耦合算法,模拟计算分析横向刻槽的间距、宽度和深度对轮胎滑水速度的影响.计算结果表明:刻槽宽度增加,轮胎滑水速度随之增加,增幅随着深度的增加而增加,随着间距的增加而减小;刻槽深度增加,轮胎滑水速度随之增加,增幅随着宽度的增加而增加,随着间距的增加而减少;刻槽间距增加,轮胎滑水速度随之减少,减少趋势随着宽度与深度的增加而增加.结果表明横向刻槽路面有利于提高轮胎滑水速度.     

横纵刻槽对半预制战斗部破片成型的影响

为分析壳体内刻槽对半预制战斗部破片成型的影响规律，开展了不同工况的仿真计算，并对典型工况进行了试验验证.利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元分析软件，对爆炸载荷条件下破片的破碎断裂规律进行了研究，得到了横向刻槽与纵向刻槽的形状、深度等因素对破片成型的影响关系.研究结果表明:仅有横向刻槽时，将形成较多碎小破片；仅有纵向刻槽时，将形成杆条式破片；同时预制横向刻槽与纵向刻槽时，纵向刻槽深度应比横向刻槽深度小于20%，可得到大小均匀、质量可控的破片；刻槽形状采用"V+V"型或"锯齿（斜口朝起爆点）+V"型时，破片破碎控制效果较好.对典型工况开展了试验研究，试验结果与仿真计算结果较为相似，证明了仿真规律的正确性.      

薄层橡胶沥青复合式路面层间高温滑移特性

为研究高温条件下不同水泥面板界面处理及黏结剂组合方式对复合式路面滑移特性的影响,采用酸洗、抛丸、刻槽等不同层间处理措施和橡胶沥青和AF-I溶剂型两种黏结材料的复合试件板进行双侧无约束汉堡车辙试验,评价复合式路面层间高温滑移特性。结果表明:层间处理措施对层间高温滑移特性影响明显,当界面具有较好的构造深度时,整体抗变形能力明显提高。采用构造深度相对较高、纹理更密的十字刻槽以及刻槽间距较小的密刻槽效果较好,对防止层间高温滑移特性病害较为有效。相对于层间黏结使用橡胶沥青作为黏结剂的试件,使用AF-I溶剂型黏结剂的试件抵抗层间高温滑移特性效果更好。双侧无约束复合板式试件滑移特性试验中,随着构造深度的增大,滑移变形率整体呈现下降趋势,即抵抗滑移变形能力呈增大趋势。采取适当措施改善层间接触条件,对提高复合式路面层间高温滑移特性具有重要意义。     

薄层橡胶沥青复合式路面层间抗剪特性试验

为探讨水泥混凝土路面经过洗刷酸洗、刻槽、抛丸等不同加工工艺处理下,不同黏层材料类型、喷洒量、试验温度、水环境、洒布同步碎石等因素对薄层橡胶沥青复合式路面层间界面剪切强度的影响,选择橡胶沥青、SBS改性沥青和AF-1溶剂型黏结剂作为黏层材料,利用一种改进型路面结构剪切仪研究黏层对刚柔复合式路面层间力学特性的影响。结果表明:40℃环境条件下,橡胶沥青及SBS改性沥青作为黏层材料最佳用量为1.2kg/m2,根据不同刻槽工艺,二者用量可增加0.1~0.2kg/m2;界面剪切强度受黏层试验温度、水环境等条件影响,通过剪切试验结果得出,不同黏层材料对界面抗剪切强度由大到小依次为AF-1溶剂型黏结剂、SBS改性沥青、橡胶沥青;刻槽工艺参数中,刻槽宽度、加密程度及刻槽方向均对层间界面抗剪切强度产生影响,该工艺简单方便,利于推广;酸腐蚀处理、表面洗刷处理、表面洗刷结合酸腐蚀处理等方式对界面细观粗糙度的提高有限;界面污染、浸水等不利条件对界面黏结强度有所影响,其中浸水影响较大;刻槽工艺参数中,刻槽宽度对抗剪能力影响最为显著,在保证刻槽深度情况下,减小槽间距,加密刻槽,可有效提高复合界面抗剪能力;得到层间抗剪强度、层间剪切变形模量与不同变量(界面类型、黏层材料等)之间的线性关系。     

基于胎/路啮合作用的纹理化路面行车稳定性分析

为了给隧道水泥混凝土路面纹理设计提供指导,对路面进行纹理化参数设计试验,并以此来保证行车的稳定性,减少隧道行车的横向摆振效应。由于目前水泥混凝土路面纹理参数设计理论缺乏相应的依据,在分析轮胎与粗糙路面接触作用的基础上,基于压力胶片测试技术考虑胎/路啮合特性对车辆轮胎的转向阻力矩计算方法进行了优化。通过依托项目的隧道纹理化路面和室内试验,对四种不同路面的轮胎接触特性进行分析,提出一种基于实际测量的胎/路接触应力分布的原地转向阻力矩评价方法。结果表明:根据实测的轮胎接触应力计算得出汽车轮胎转向阻力矩,可有效地表征轮胎的转向阻力矩状态;纹理化水泥混凝土路面汽车转向阻力矩比沥青路面上高10%～20%,加之纹理化构造与轮胎纵向沟槽的啮合作用产生较大的侧向力矩,导致纹理化路面的行车稳定性较差;通过设置一定的刀组间距进而干涉轮胎与道路的接触界面,最终达到降低轮胎转向阻力矩的目的。     

浅谈水泥混凝土路面断板的防治

1．控制混凝土路面断板的意义 混凝土路面断板一般可分为早期断板和后期断板两种，而断板形式可分为横向断板和纵向断板两种形式，而断板程度有可分为全透式和半透式两种。     

框架效应对预应力混凝土箱梁桥顶板横向预应力储备的影响分析

基于数值模拟研究了预应力混凝土箱梁桥三种不同横向预应力筋布置方式的预应力框架效应影响、横隔板设置、箱梁参数对顶板横向有效预应力的影响,并与现场测试结果进行了对比,表明了数值模拟方法的有效性,选取预应力混凝土箱梁桥高跨比、宽跨比、腹板与底板厚度之比等关键参数,进行实桥参数敏感性分析.表明预应力混凝土箱梁桥墩顶外由于横隔梁刚度大,在其5m左右范围内横向框架效应影响显著,应按非预应力混凝土设计预防顶板纵向裂缝产生,在跨中设计的横隔板附近应增加纵向抗裂钢筋;增加宽跨比、底板与腹板厚度之比、腹板与顶板宽度之比以及减少高跨比有利于保证预应力混凝土顶板横向有效预应力.     

某电站隧洞路面混凝土施工技术

本文就隧洞路面混凝土施工工艺进行了总结,路面混凝土施工严格工序质量控制,做好切缝工作,采用刻槽机刻槽的质量较好,其它类似工程可以参考借鉴。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.