超声速进气道与火箭冲压发动机性能匹配研究

综合给出了二维超声速进气道内特性,并将其与整体固体火箭冲压发动机性能匹配计算相结合,建立了整体固体火箭冲压发动机特性计算一维模型与方法.选择进气道不同状态作为设计点,根据飞行速度/高度计算出了发动机非设计点性能和相应的进气道与发动机在非设计状态下的匹配点轨迹及性能.结果表明,超声速进气道设计点选取至关重要,它不仅影响整体固体冲压发动机性能,而且严重影响超声速进气道稳定工作范围.     

壅塞可调固体火箭冲压发动机性能计算

综合给出了二维超声速进气道特性,并将其应用于壅塞可调固体火箭冲压发动机性能计算中,建立了壅塞可调固体火箭冲压发动机特性计算方法.通过调节燃气发生器喷管喉道面积保持给定空燃比不变.根据飞行速度/高度计算出了发动机非设计点性能和相应的燃气发生器喉道面积变化规律.结果表明,飞行速度/高度对燃气发生器喉道面积调节计划产生相当大的影响;当飞行高度低于设计高度时,高度变化明显改变进气道-发动机匹配工作点,高空低马赫数飞行时,进气道位于严重亚临界工作状态,明显降低了超声速进气道稳定工作范围.     

固体火箭发动机粘接界面湿热老化实验

对固体火箭发动机粘接界面试验件进行了不同湿热条件下的加速老化试验,并测量了不同老化时间粘接界面的扯离强度,描述了湿热老化试验和性能测试中的试验现象,结合复合材料微粘接结构吸湿规律对试验现象和撤离强度随老化时间变化曲线进行了分析。研究结果表明:衬层-推进剂粘接界面是固体火箭发动机粘接结构中最薄弱环节,应予以重点考虑；湿热老化促进了环境水分从衬层–推进剂界面向推进剂内部的扩散和渗透,致使弱边界层向推进剂内部扩展,导致了衬层-推进剂界面粘接强度的降低。试验件平均扯离强度随老化时间呈下降趋势,中间有一个强度趋于稳定的平台期。      

火箭发动机固体推进剂老化研究

针对影响长期储存固体火箭发动机性能的固体推进剂老化问题,探讨了固体推进剂老化的主要因素;从固体推进剂组分的影响、环境湿度、储存温度等方面分析了其影响固体推进剂老化的机理;对推进剂老化预估研究方法进行了比较详尽的总结和评述,重点分析了固体推进剂老化失效预估的力学性能法、活化能法、凝胶含量法、傅里叶红外光谱分析法和动态粘弹分析法,并对这些研究方法的内容和结果的可信度进行了分析.最后从深入研究固体推进剂的老化机理以及结合现代分析仪器的应用等方面对固体推进剂老化研究的发展趋势进行了展望.     

“中国航空学会2009年火箭推进技术学术会议”征文

"中国航空学会2009年火箭推进技术学术年会"拟于2009年8月上旬在云南昆明召开,会议主题是:组合推进技术。会议正在征文,范围包括:组合推进技术进展,火箭推进技术需求分析,液体火箭发动机技术,航空发动机技术,固体及特种推进剂技术,固体火箭发动机技术,冲压发动机技术,火箭推进领域信息化技术,燃烧、流动与传热仿真技术,火箭推进试验技术。     

基于变量化设计技术的整体式固冲发动机一体化设计系统

将变量化设计技术应用到整体式固体火箭冲压发动机一体化方案设计中。利用变量化约束将设计过程与几何造型过程进行有机结合,在VC.NET 2003平台下自主研发了一套固体火箭冲压发动机一体化设计系统。该软件包括进气道设计、燃气发生器设计、助推补燃室设计、发动机性能计算和飞行弹道计算,为整体式固体火箭冲压发动机方案设计提供一套方便快捷的工具。     

压力指数对固体火箭发动机推力调节影响分析

结合固体火箭变推力发动机的结构特点,介绍了喉栓式变推力发动机的调节机理,完成发动机结构及数学模型的建立。并且对影响发动机调节的主要因素压力指数进行了详细分析。通过对正压力指数推进剂、负压力指数推进剂进行了分析计算和对比,获得推力调节对推进剂压力指数的要求及研究方向,对固体变推力发动机的进一步深化研究起到指导作用。     

基于粘弹性有限元方法的固体导弹发动机寿命预估

为了解决固体导弹发动机提前退役带来浪费和过期服役可能导致发射失败的问题,利用定期解剖常温自然贮存的发动机来测试推进剂的力学性参数,结合三维粘弹性有限元分析方法,对贮存一定时期的导弹发动机在常温和低温下点火发射进行数值仿真,由最大Von Mises应变及推进剂应变强度随贮存时间的变化规律来评估发动机的安全性,确定不同地区贮存的导弹发动机的贮存寿命.     

对固体火箭发动机点火药量问题的研究

本文通过对影响固体火箭发动机点燃的主要因素的分析、探讨,从而提出了一条新的计算点火药量的公式。本公式综合考虑了药柱形状、主装药和点火的能量、药柱的温度、推进剂的性能、燃烧室自由容积以及燃烧面积等因素的影响。经过对十多种型号的固体火箭发动机的计算,都能得到比较满意的结果。可供设计、试验作参考。作为固体火箭发动机心脏的点火装置,共点火药量的确定,是一个很重要的问题,     

固体发动机推进剂静电敏感性测试技术现状

安全性能研究的目的是探索推进剂的组分、药浆及发动机发生分解、燃烧、爆炸的原因和机理,静电放电是固体推进剂发动机发生事故的重要外部激励源.介绍静电火花测试法和20世纪80年代初在法国设计的一种称为法国测试方法的测试系统,将推进剂配方分为敏感性和非敏感性推进剂配方.但是,由于没有考虑热力和机械条件,评估推进剂静电敏感性的静电感度仍有一定的缺陷.静电感度与许多因素有关,怎样正确评估推进剂静电敏感性还有很长的路要走.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.