从《路的尽头》解读对萨特存在主义的“戏仿”

美国作家约翰·巴思在二十世纪五十年代发表的《路的尽头》中体现出对萨特存在主义思潮的戏仿。本文试途通过分析巴思对萨特存在主义的"存在先于本质"、"自由选择"、"个人责任"等方面做滑稽辛辣的戏仿,从而呈现出人们普遍感到茫然不知所措、感到人性的迷失和生存的荒诞等这样的真实画卷,使消愁颓废和悲观失望的美国人能更清楚的认识这个世界且主动去探索新的生存哲学和人生意义。     

自由·虚无——萨特自由思想解读

自由是萨特最为关注的哲学问题。萨特认为人的自由之根源在于人的意识的虚无性和否定性。认为人作为自为的存在与物作为自在的存在之差别在于人的存在先于本质,这正是人的自由的根本所在。人的自由在于选择的自由,并认为这种自由是绝对的。萨特的自由哲学脱离了人的社会实践,最终不过是抽象的个体自由与精神自由。     

对萨特存在主义哲学的剖析

一、萨特存在主义哲学关于哲学基本问题是“存在”的观点，是改头换面的主观唯心主义的变种．二、萨特存在主义哲学表明其哲学是关于人的本体论的学说，提出称之谓“第一原理”的“存在先于本质”的基本观点，否认人的社会性、历史性和实践性，是人本主义的异化。三、萨特存在主义哲学关于“自由选择”的基本观点，是极端个人主义和无政府主义在哲学上的理论表现。     

存在主义文学的宗教思想观念

存在主义文学是萨特存在主义哲学的诗意表现。存在主义文学其思想鲜明，从传统宗教信仰上分析，主要表现为理性观念的改变，对传统宗教思想意识的否定、反叛，关注人的生命价值和自由选择。     

"翻"越"存在"——大江健三郎《空翻》解读

在精神和信仰空白的日本,作家大江健三郎以文学的方式努力为人类寻找着“构筑灵魂的场所”,寻找着存在的本质意义。大江健三郎在创作中融入了萨特、斯宾诺沙与托马斯等人的理念,这使得《空翻》在某种程度上超越了萨特存在主义,从而形成了大江文学那带有鲜明东方色彩的独特性。     

浅论存在主义视域中的《呼啸山庄》

在以萨特为首的存在主义者的眼中,存在先于本质,他人就是地狱,选择和责任是他们关心的焦点话题。尝试用存在主义的上述三个命题从新的视角对经典小说《呼啸山庄》进行阐释,可以认为这部作品无意中印证了萨特存在主义的基本观点。     

用存在主义解读《人性的污秽》

《人性的污秽》这部小说是美国犹太作家菲利普罗思的重要作品,本文主要从萨特的存在主义来分析这本小说。通过自由选择理论和他人的观点来体现人对自由的追寻以及在社会中人与人之间复杂的关系。     

“翻”越“存在”大江健三郎《空翻》解读

在精神和信仰空白的日本，作家大江健三郎以文学的方式努力为人类寻找着“构筑灵魂的场所”，寻找着存在的本质意义。大江健三郎在创作中融人了萨特、斯宾诺沙与托马斯等人的理念，这使得《空翻》在某种程度上超越了萨特存在主义，从而形成了大江文学那带有鲜明东方色彩的独特性。     

从胡塞尔的现象学到萨特的存在主义

萨特的存在主义哲学,从胡塞尔的现象学出发,把存在规定为自我存在,认为自我存在是一切存在的本源,从而建立了他自己的人的存在的本体论哲学。萨特怎样从胡塞尔的现象学向自己的存在主义哲学转变的呢?对此,本文作一初步的探索,以求教于同志们。萨特扬弃了胡塞尔的先验现象学,把     

萨特的“存在先于本质”简析

"存在先于本质"是萨特哲学的重要命题。这一命题不是唯心主义的,它也没有否定人的社会性;指责这一命题存在着内在矛盾而不能成立,其理由也是站不住脚的。几位论者的看法存在着对萨特观点的明显误解。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.