菌-藻体系中无机碳源对小球衣藻生长和聚集的影响研究

为了提高微藻生长速率、实现低成本高效收集,文章以小球衣藻(Chlamydomonas microsphaera)为研究对象,探究无机碳源对菌-藻体系中微藻生长和聚集的影响。结果表明：无机碳源能够显著提高菌-藻体系中微藻生物量,当初始菌藻数量比为15∶1时,在低碳源(37.6 mg/L)水平下,经过6 d培养后微藻生物量可达1.255×10⁶个/mL,较纯藻培养体系增加30%;当碳源质量浓度升高至188.0 mg/L时,微藻数量较纯藻培养体系增加68%,可达1.681×10⁶个/mL;菌-藻体系也有助于微藻自聚集,随着无机碳源质量浓度增加,其聚集效果变得更明显,聚集率最高可达66%,远高于纯培养体系中的27%。研究结果可为微藻综合利用研究提供参考。     

三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutm) 油脂富集培养的研究

探讨了营养盐铁、硅及植物激素脱落酸(ABA)单因子对三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)的生长、油脂含量(%干重)及油脂产量的影响.采用光密度值OD450评价微藻的生长状况,以溶剂浸提法提取油脂.结果表明:(1)铁处理组中,铁浓度在0～46.57 μmol/L范围内时,藻的生长速率随铁浓度提高而增大;铁浓度为11.64 μmol/L时,油脂含量达30%,高于其它铁浓度培养;当铁浓度为11.64 μmol/L时,油脂产量最高--是无铁培养的2.8倍;(2)硅处理组中,低含量硅盐(4.6 μmol/L)不仅促进了藻的生长而且提高了油脂含量,油脂产量比高含量硅盐(42.6 μmol/L)培养提高了40%;(3)ABA处理组中,1 mg/L ABA不仅促进了藻的生长而且提高了油脂含量,油脂产量比对照提高了50%;5 mg/L ABA虽提高了油脂含量但却抑制了藻的生长,油脂产量和对照相当;15 mg/L ABA抑制了藻的生长、降低了油脂含量.用气相色谱分析微藻的脂肪酸组成,结果显示:1 mg/L ABA明显影响了三角褐指藻的脂肪酸组成,以高产量油脂(4.6 μmol/L硅盐、1 mg/L ABA培养)为原料制备出的生物柴油的质量将会提高.     

藻菌共生体系的建立及其对造纸废水的处理效果

对棕鞭藻(Ochromonas sp.)培养体系中的共栖细菌进行分离纯化,拟通过藻菌共生体系的建立提高微藻生物量积累能力,并探究藻菌共生体系对造纸废水的处理效果.经16S rDNA基因测序比对,分离获得的5株微藻共栖细菌分别为Por-phyrobacter sp.、Hyphomonas sp.、Aquimonas sp.、Agrobacterium sp.和Hydrogenophaga sp..通过向微藻培养体系添加不同的共栖细菌以验证其对微藻生长效率的影响效果,结果表明,5株微藻共栖细菌中,Aquimonas sp.(水单胞菌)可显著促进棕鞭藻的生长,当藻菌比为1:3时,水单胞菌对微藻的促生效果最佳,共培养10 d后,体系中微藻干重达到最大值0.78 g/L.利用藻菌共生体系处理造纸废水8 d,废水中化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)、总氮量(total nitrogen,TN)、总磷量(total phos-phorus,TP)、色度分别从154.13 mg/L、22.42 mg/L、4.90 mg/L、275降至37.5 mg/L、14.53 mg/L、0.48 mg/L、18,去除率分别为75.67％、35.19％、90.2％和93.45％;同时微藻干重可达1.073 g/L.藻菌共生体系对造纸废水深度处理的效果与芬顿法相当,可达到《制浆造纸工业水污染排放标准》(GB 3544—2008),同时可显著降低处理成本,具有良好的应用前景.     

3种常用抗生素应用于海洋微藻无菌化培养的研究

采用青霉素、硫酸庆大霉素、头孢他啶3种常用抗生素处理海洋微藻,以确定分离、纯化微藻时对藻细胞无害并能抑制伴生杂菌生长的抗生素浓度和培养时间.结果表明：青霉素的性质比较温和,能广泛地用于微藻的除菌;低剂量的硫酸庆大霉素也可起到类似作用;头孢他啶对各种微藻表现出来的作用并不相同,应慎用.对特征点进行方差分析也证实了以上结果,故建议海洋微藻的除菌以加入300 mg/L的青霉素或100 mg/L的硫酸庆大霉素作为一般用藻的除菌,培养6 d继代.     

外源有机碳浓度对藻菌关系及氮磷去除的影响

采用实验室一次培养法,以葡萄糖为有机碳源,对地衣芽孢杆菌和丝藻进行单独及混合培养,研究了外源有机碳浓度对藻菌相互关系及氮磷去除效率的影响。结果表明,当水体中葡萄糖质量浓度不高于20mg/L时,地衣芽孢杆菌能显著促进丝藻的生长。尤其当葡萄糖质量浓度为20mg/L时,藻菌体系叶绿素荧光强度最大可达5227,较纯丝藻体系相应值提高约15%;当葡萄糖质量浓度为50 mg/L时,藻菌体系对水体中NH_4~+-N和PO_4~(3-)-P的去除率分别达到27%和60%,显著高于纯丝藻及纯菌体系相应值;当葡萄糖质量浓度高于50mg/L时,藻菌体系和纯丝藻体系对氮磷的去除率无显著差异;当葡萄糖质量浓度高于100mg/L时,地衣芽孢杆菌明显抑制丝藻的生长。     

球形与立方体纳米银对斜生栅藻毒性差异研究

不同形貌的纳米银(Silver Nano Particles, AgNPs)对初级生产者斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)的毒性是否具有差异，目前还不清楚。为揭示斜生栅藻暴露于不同形貌的纳米银条件下的毒性效应，本研究分别在0、5、10、15、20 mg/L条件下将球形纳米银(Silver Nano Spheres, AgNSs)和立方体纳米银(Silver Nano Cubes, AgNCs)暴露于斜生栅藻，并观测受试生物的生理生化响应。结果表明AgNSs暴露和AgNCs暴露对斜生栅藻均有明显毒性效应，表现为光合系统损伤和酶应激反应:(1)暴露12~48 h条件下，各处理组的叶绿素a的质量浓度均显著降低，但存在较大差异；当AgNSs的质量浓度达到10 mg/L时，才能对叶绿素a产生明显抑制作用，且当AgNSs的质量浓度大于10 mg/L后，抑制作用保持稳定；而AgNCs的质量浓度仅为5 mg/L时就能显著抑制叶绿素a，当质量浓度为20 mg/L时抑制效应有所缓解。(2)AgNSs、AgNCs暴露下的典型酶应激反应存在差异:AgNSs的活性氧(ROS)含量显著低于AgNCs的；AgNSs和AgNCs的质量浓度 < 15 mg/L时，AgNSs的戊二醛(MDA)含量高于AgNCs的；AgNSs和AgNCs的质量浓度>15 mg/L时，AgNSs的戊二醛(MDA)含量低于AgNCs的；AgNSs和AgNCs的质量浓度＞5 mg/L时，AgNSs的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性保持稳定，AgNCs的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈下降趋势。(3)AgNSs和AgNCs引起的典型酶应激反应差异与二者粒径、比表面积、几何形状相关。本研究结果可为水环境中纳米银排放控制提供基础数据。     

原油水溶性组分对2种微藻的毒性效应及微藻对石油烃的降解研究初探

为探索石油水溶性成分(WAF)对海洋微藻的毒性效应及海洋微藻对其的降解,研究了96 h内不同浓度WAF暴露下2种海洋微藻的细胞密度、生长率及抑制率,并在实验完成时测定微藻培养液中WAF的剩余量。实验结果表明低浓度的WAF能促进2种微藻的生长,当WAF浓度大于2.90 mg/L时,小球藻的生长受到抑制,当WAF浓度大于6.97 mg/L时,三角褐指藻的生长受到抑制,且呈现明显的剂量-时间效应。相对于小球藻,三角褐指藻对高浓度WAF的耐受性较强,受到的抑制较轻。96 h时,2种微藻培养液中的WAF浓度均有显著降低,但三角褐指藻实验组中WAF浓度降幅较大,其可能的原因是三角褐指藻对WAF的耐受性较强,藻细胞密度较高,从而对WAF有较高的降解效率,因此可用于降解含有WAF的污染海水。     

银离子处理微藻的生物学效应的研究

将塔胞藻培养在加入不同浓度的AgNO3(0,0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20,0.25,0.30 mg.L-1)培养液中,探讨银离子对微藻的生物学效应.结果发现,在前2轮培养(9 d/轮)中,随着培养基中银离子浓度的升高,微藻的生长繁殖明显受抑制,且细胞中的蛋白质、叶绿素含量均有不同程度的降低,但可溶性糖含量变化不明显.在培养到第3、4轮时,各种数值接近正常,表明单细胞生物对环境的变化有较强的适应性.     

藻菌固定化用于市政污水深度脱氮除磷及藻体产油研究

 污水再生利用是解决水资源与能源危机的重要途径,采用微藻深度处理污水并生产生物质能源是一大热点。针对市政污水深度处理,以活性污泥为固定化细菌,采用小球藻和栅藻,分别比较了固定化藻菌、固定化微藻,以及悬浮态微藻在藻体生长、污水脱氮除磷和微藻产油方面的差异,拟实现对市政污水深度脱氮除磷的同时实现微藻油脂的诱导富集。结果表明,固定化藻菌对氮磷的去除效果优于固定化微藻和悬浮态微藻,且固定化藻菌中微藻油脂质量分数最高。当市政污水NH₄⁺-N 和PO₄^3--P 的初始质量浓度分别为25 和3 mg/L 时,固定化栅藻菌培养4 d 后能够完全去除水体中的氮磷,而固定化藻菌中小球藻的油脂质量分数可达到16.5%。     

不同水质对杜氏盐藻生长和生理的影响

分析杜氏盐藻(Dunaliella salina)在不同水质中的生长状况,确定适合养殖杜氏盐藻的水源.根据GB17378.4—2007的方法检测天津中心渔港海水、天津北疆电厂冷却水、稀释10倍后的青海柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖原卤水、老卤水及成矿卤水的水质后,将杜氏盐藻接种于其中,分析水质对盐藻各生理指标的影响.结果表明:除青海柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖老卤水外,其余4种水样均可以用来培养盐藻.虽然不同水质对盐藻生长及生理的影响不同,但综合来看,利用稀释10倍后的成矿卤水培养的杜氏盐藻培养至第15天时,硝酸还原酶活性为(4.41±0.18)μg/(mg·h),显著高于用海水培养的杜氏盐藻.培养至21,d时,叶绿素质量浓度为(24.9±1.0)mg/L,藻细胞质量浓度为(409.5±21.1)mg/L,与用海水培养的杜氏盐藻间均无显著性差异.净光合速率为(128.6±3.0)μmol/(mg·h),呼吸速率为(28.2±0.9)μmol/(mg·h).证明在同样的培养条件下,利用稀释10倍后的成矿卤水培养的杜氏盐藻与用海水培养的杜氏盐藻积累同样多的干物质.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…