生物质能源利用研究进展

围绕生物质能源原料的来源、原料的处理、生物质转化技术、生物质能源的应用、生物质能源的发展前景5个方面，讨论了生物质能源利用的现状和存在的不足。虽然生物质能源研究蓬勃发展，但是仍有一些地方可以改进：在原料产地就近建厂，降低原料成本；微藻不占用土地，是一种可行原料；原料预处理需要综合考虑效益与成本；对于生物质转化技术的选择，生化与热化学转化相结合可能是一个好的方案；生物质能源的应用方面可以进行生物精炼，提高生产效能，此外，生物燃料电池具有巨大发展潜力。     

微藻生物柴油在国内外的研究

藻类生物柴油作为一种可再生能源具有不占地、用水少、油脂含量高等特点,与农作物相比,单位面积的产率可高出数十倍;介绍了国内外微藻生物柴油的研发概况,分析了目前微藻生物柴油研究及工业化应用中存在的主要困难和问题,指出了降低生产成本是当前微藻生物柴油研究中面临的主要挑战。     

利用微藻热解生产生物燃料的研究进展

藻类具有生物量大、易繁殖、生长周期短、短时间内便可获得大量藻体且不占用耕地面积等许多优点。通过热解等方法,可将藻类细胞转化为非常好的可再生生物能源,这是解决能源危机的一个有效途径。     

生物质废弃物资源化利用研究取得重要进展

正稻壳、锯末、麦秸秆、甘蔗渣、大豆秸秆等废弃生物质和有机固体废物既是环境污染物,同时也是可再生原料,可通过缺氧条件下的热解技术进行资源化利用,降解为一种"生物油"初级液体燃料。然而,热解生物油状态不稳定,易老化变质,成分复杂难以分离提质,热解产物价值较低,产品缺乏市场竞争力,严重阻碍了热解技术的商业化应用。     

微藻细胞破壁方法研究进展

微藻具有光合作用效率高、环境适应性强、生长快、生物质产率高和环境效益显著等优点,在体内还能积累虾青素、叶黄素、高不饱和脂肪酸、生物柴油等重要产物,近年来成为人们关注和研究的热点。微藻细胞破壁是提取这些产物的关键及困难环节。从3种常用微藻细胞壁的结构入手,分析总结了机械破壁法、基于波的细胞破壁法、热解破壁法、化学法以及生物法等微藻破壁技术的研究现状与发展趋势。认为从现实角度出发,将化学法与机械法结合使用,即先采用化学法进行预处理,再采用机械法破壁,可解决大部分藻细胞的破壁问题,是一种比较可行的产业化破壁技术路线;从发展前景来看,生物法破壁具有能量消耗较低、条件温和等优势,对于绝大多数藻类来说具有经济可行性和技术理论可行性,是一种最值得期待的破壁方法。     

微生物光解水制氢技术的最新进展

氢能可作为汽车清洁能源替代石油等碳基能源,但目前以石油、煤炭、天然气为原料生产氢气是不可持续的。通过热解、电解、光解和生物质化学分解等途径可以由太阳能制取可再生氢气。本文重点介绍其中的光生物法生产可再生氢能的国内外研究现状和发展趋势。     

微藻生物能源技术国际竞争态势

微藻能源是生物能源研究的热点前沿技术,本文基于微藻能源研究论文和专利数据,通过文献计量和专利计量的方法分析了国际微藻能源研究的时序分布、主要国家/地区和研究机构科研产出及影响力、国际合作情况等,以期了解全球微藻能源竞争态势,为我国微藻能源技术的研发和产业化提供支撑。     

基于光生物反应器的能源微藻在工业废水治理方面的研究进展

全球能源危机愈发突出,生物质能源的开发能够有效地缓解当前的危机.能源藻作为新型生物质能源逐渐得到重视,而能源微藻的培养成本仍居高不下.综述了不同光生物反应器的能源藻培养效果,比较了不同能源微藻的生长效率,分析了以工业废水为营养基质实现低成本培养能源微藻的可能性,及利用能源微藻治理工业废水的研究进展,实现能源藻对工业废水的无害化处理,旨在为能源微藻的低成本培养、工业废水的高效处理提供参考,并提出了该领域今后的重点研究任务.     

酯交换反应在制备生物柴油上的应用

生物柴油因其环境友好且可再生作为矿物柴油的替代燃料而备受关注，生物柴油主要通过均相酸碱催化、脂肪酶催化、超临界法和固体酸碱催化的酯交换反应制备得到，但各种制备方法各有优劣，均相酸碱催化法反应迅速，转化率高但存在后续处理复杂，污染严重等问题；脂肪酶催化法反应条件温和，对原料中的水和游离脂肪酸不敏感，不需要过量的甲醇参与反应，后续处理工序简单，但酶的成本过高，这是制约其商业化发展的最大阻碍；超临界法是制备生物柴油的新技术，反应迅速，不需要催化剂，油脂转化率非常高，但其反应需要高温高压且能耗很大；固体酸碱催化剂     

河南省发展生物能源产业的优势分析

能源安全和环境保护已成为制约经济发展的重要因素,生物能源作为一种可再生的洁净能源,越来越受到追捧。河南省是中国最早开发生物能源技术的省份之一,在发展生物能源产业方面具有政策优势、技术优势、资源优势。河南省应抓住难得的机遇,加快生物能源产业发展。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to