旋转填充床中柠檬酸钠法烟气脱硫的实验研究

以柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液作为吸收液,在旋转填充床中进行模拟烟气中SO2(体积分数约为0.4%)的吸收实验,考察了各操作条件对脱硫率的影响。实验结果表明:脱硫率随转子转速、液气比的增大而逐渐增大,但均是达到某一值以后基本不再增加;吸收液的初始pH值越大、温度越高、柠檬酸钠浓度越大,则脱硫效果越好。旋转床中柠檬酸钠法烟气脱硫的适宜工艺条件为:旋转填充床转速1200 r/min,液气比8~12 L/m3,吸收液的初始pH值4.5~5.0,柠檬酸钠浓度0.6 mol/L。     

旋转填充床中柠檬酸钠法烟气脱硫的实验研究

以柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液作为吸收液,在旋转填充床中进行模拟烟气中SO₂（体积分数约为0.4%）的吸收实验,考察了各操作条件对脱硫率的影响。实验结果表明：脱硫率随转子转速、液气比的增大而逐渐增大,但均是达到某一值以后基本不再增加;吸收液的初始pH值越大、温度越高、柠檬酸钠浓度越大,则脱硫效果越好。旋转床中柠檬酸钠法烟气脱硫的适宜工艺条件为：旋转填充床转速1200r/min,液气比8~12L/m^₃,吸收液的初始pH值4.5～5.0,柠檬酸钠浓度0.6mol/L。     

荷电石灰浆雾滴吸收SO2的传质特性分析

在石灰浆荷电雾化脱硫理论分析和试验研究的基础上,建立石灰浆雾滴吸收SO2的传质模型,计算荷电前后不同气液流量,不同n(Ca)/n(S)时的气相传质系数、液相传质系数、总传质系数和增强因子,并进行SO2吸收特性分析.结果表明:n(Ca)/n(S)一定时,随着入口SO2体积分数的增加,脱硫效率增大,SO2吸收速率逐渐增大,增强因子逐渐减小;相同入口SO2体积分数时,加大液气比可以增大脱硫效率,同时使脱硫吸收速率增加,但是增加到一定量后,吸收速率开始下降.无论何种工况,荷电后的吸收速率和增强因子都比非荷电时大,说明荷电对SO2传质和化学反应具有明显促进作用.     

烷烃中少量芳烃的模拟移动床吸附及模拟

在实验研究烷烃中少量芳烃的模拟移动床吸附动态过程及其条件的基础上,用模拟移动床吸附模型进行了模型化拟合计算,传质采用线性推动力模型,得出轴向扩散系数和总传质系数.结果表明:模拟移动床吸附动态模型的计算值与实验值相符;用吸附动态模型计算得出的轴向扩散系数与由关联式计算出的值相一致,且与流速成正比;总传质系数随着进料流量的增加而增大;区域Ⅰ和区域Ⅱ中,总传质系数随着温度和质量分数的升高而逐渐增大.区域Ⅲ和区域Ⅳ中,总传质系数随着温度的升高和质量分数的降低而逐渐减小.在低流量下,区域Ⅲ和区域Ⅳ中的总传质系数远比区域Ⅰ和区域Ⅱ中的总传质系数小.以上实验与计算结果为在直链烷基苯的生产过程中,降低循环烷烃中芳构化物的含量,实现延长脱氢催化剂的寿命提供了技术基础.     

天然气脱硫液膜法再生研究

以聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维膜作接触器,研究了天然气甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)脱硫液在真空膜蒸馏过程下的再生效果,分别考察了不同再生温度、进料流量、初始硫浓度、膜两侧压差下富液再生率、跨膜传质通量和硫化氢分离因子的变化情况。实验结果表明,富液再生温度为40~60℃,进料流量为100~300 L/h,初始硫浓度为236~1 020 mg/L,膜两侧压差为4.8~12.8 k Pa的操作条件下,MDEA的再生率达56.2%~87.0%。其中:提高再生温度会明显使再生率升高,跨膜通量随再生温度、进料流量和真空度的升高而增大;硫化氢的分离因子随再生温度、膜两侧压差的增加而减少,随流量增加而升高;富液初始硫浓度的升高会使硫化氢分离因子降低,过高的初始硫浓度最终会导致MDEA再生效率降低。     

膜气吸收法分离烟气中CO2的实验

采用聚丙烯中空纤维膜接触器,分别用去离子水、单乙醇胺(MEA)及N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)水溶液作为吸收剂,对模拟烟气中的CO2分离进行了试验研究.考察了气体流速、入口气体中CO2体积分数、吸收剂流速、吸收剂浓度以及吸收剂种类等因素对CO2脱除率和总传质速率的影响.实验结果显示:3种吸收剂分离CO2的效率由大到小依次为MEA、MDEA、去离子水;CO2的脱除率和传质通量随吸收剂浓度、流速的提高均增加;CO2的脱除率随气体流速和CO2在入口气体中体积分数的增大而减小,而传质速率却随之增加.系统长时间运行后发现存在膜孔润湿现象,进而影响膜的传质性能.因此,吸收剂浓度须在传质和长时间运行性能之间进行权衡.     

天然气膜基吸收法脱除H2S过程模拟

建立微分方程和阻力方程组合模型,模拟了以MDEA（N-甲基二乙醇胺）为吸收剂,聚丙烯疏水性中空纤维膜接触器吸收H₂S的传质过程。采用聚丙烯中空纤维制成膜接触器,以MDEA溶液为吸收剂,进行天然气脱除H₂S实验。对实验值与模拟值进行比较。结果表明,以膜组件出口气H₂S浓度作为衡量标准,在低气速和低液速的情况下,模型值与实验值符合很好;在高气速和低液速的情况下,实验值高于模型值,但相差不大。该模型能很好地模拟膜基吸收法脱除H₂S的过程。     

多尺寸填料塔中CO_2吸收过程的实验和模拟

随着二氧化碳吸收法捕集技术的不断发展,需要研究吸收过程的规模放大和模拟。在200mm和600mm的2种不同尺寸填料塔中进行了CO_2吸收实验,采用新的规整填料有效传质面积关联式,进行了基于速率模型的过程模拟,对比了不同传质模型。结果表明:最适用的传质模型是液膜阻力模型,2个吸收塔的气体出口CO_2摩尔分数计算结果与实验值的平均相对误差分别为1%和3%。说明在过程模拟中使用合适的传质模型和规整填料传质面积关联式可以有效预测不同尺寸吸收塔中CO_2捕集效果。     

尿素/添加剂湿法烟气同时脱硫脱氮研究(Ⅱ)--净化过程中SO2和NOx的吸收特性

简述了吸收过程传质理论——双膜理论的基本原理,据此研究了尿素／添加剂湿法烟气同时脱硫脱氮过程中SO2和NOx的吸收特性．实验结果表明,在尿素／添加剂水溶液中,烟气中SO2的吸收由气膜控制,是液相中伴有快速不可逆化学反应的气体吸收;NOx的吸收由气膜和液膜共同控制,是液相中伴有慢速不可逆化学反应的气体吸收．     

膜蒸馏与渗透蒸馏耦合分离HCl过程中伴生水传质的抑制

分析了HCl-H₂O体系气液平衡关系及膜蒸馏与渗透蒸馏耦合分离HCl过程中伴生水传质的推动力,考察了盐浓度、吸收液温度、料液中盐酸和硫酸浓度对伴生水传质的抑制效果。结果表明：料液中含盐、适当升高吸收液温度均能够抑制伴生水的传质;料液中盐酸浓度增大,水的跨膜通量减小,HCl的摩尔通量增大;料液中硫酸浓度从0.01mol/L增大到0.05mol/L,水的跨膜通量下降了28.1%,HCl的摩尔通量增大了2.1倍。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with