EP法中参数ε的合理取值

为了提高EP(Extended Pressure)法模拟具有自由面的稳定渗流问题的计算精度,通过展开基于EP法的控制方程离散格式,进行了一维和二维稳定渗流误差分析,指出了分段连续函数h_ε(p)中的参数ε对EP法的计算精度和收敛过程影响显著,并依据自由面处压强水头的不连续变化,最终提出了参数ε的合理取值。数值实验证明:采用此参数取值后,自由面光滑,逸出点位置合理,模拟精度有较大提高。研究结论有助于推广EP法在地基渗流问题中的应用。     

运动潜体尾迹及其与随机海面相互作用的数值模拟

研究了水下运动物体产生的自由面尾迹与随机海面相互作用的问题.以三维非定常不可压缩雷诺平均(RANS)方程为控制方程,采用重整化群(RNG)k-ε湍流模型,应用体积分数(VOF)方法处理自由面,对水下运动球体产生的自由面尾迹特征进行了数值模拟与分析.结合海浪谱模型,数值分析了水下运动球体产生的自由面尾迹与随机海面的相互作用机理及其表现特征.     

应用改进流体体积法的楔形体斜向入水研究

为了精确追踪入水冲击中含有气体的自由面,在现有流体体积(VOF)法中引入连续表面张力(CSF)模型对气-液界面处压力进行连续化处理,添加对流项以减少体积分数的数值耗散,并耦合水平集函数保证自由表面的尖锐性.应用改进的VOF法对多个倾斜角下楔形体的入水过程进行数值模拟,并分析了砰击压力和自由面特性.研究表明:在保证相同自由面分辨率的情况下,改进的VOF法能减少1/3的网格数量;数值结果较好地反映了斜向入水过程中出现的空气流通现象,砰击压力峰值与实验值吻合良好;当底升角小于10°时出现明显气穴效应,数值结果与实验值相差10%,而解析解的误差达到40%,说明气穴对砰击压力具有重要影响,改进的VOF法对解决这类入水问题具有精度高的优势.     

基于六节点三角形单元优化虚单元法

选取六节点三角形单元优化了虚单元法,弥补了三节点单元求解的自由面是折线的不足,同时解决了等参四边形单元难以寻找节点移动路径的问题.此外,在计算程序中引入节点相关次数矩阵,实现了对虚单元法的进一步优化,提高了计算效率和计算精度.与等效渗透系数法计算结果分别同电模拟试验解比较表明,本文方法在大网格单元划分下仍能得到准确且连续光滑的自由面曲线,计算精度没有因单元数量的减少而降低;在相同的精度条件下,计算效率较三节点单元提高.     

表面自由能模型的改进及液滴浸润数值研究

通过优化极值点位置,对表面自由能模型进行了研究和改进,改进后的模型解决了原模型中表面粒子聚集和液滴形状畸变的问题.采用移动粒子半隐式法(MPS)结合改进后的表面自由能模型,对受表面张力作用的自由面运动问题进行了研究和分析.研究了包括气液、固液和不互溶液液界面在内的表面张力收缩和液滴浸润过程,并提取了接触角及浸润面积等特征量进行分析.数值计算结果与理论分析结果吻合较好,从结果中可以明显观察到固液浸润过程的3个发展阶段,浸润速度随时间递减且与浸润接触角成反比.研究结果验证了MPS方法结合改进后的表面自由能模型可以更加有效、准确地模拟多界面张力的作用.     

不同湍流模型在列车外流场计算中的比较

通过对简化缩比的列车模型在无侧偏角工况下分别进行模型风洞试验和数值模拟,评估了5种常用湍流模型在列车外流场模拟中的计算精度.数值模拟与风洞试验结果的分析对比表明:Realizable(可实现)k-ε在阻力的计算上精度最高,误差最小为2.5%;SST(剪切应力输运)k-w在升力的计算上更为精确,误差最小为0.5%.Standard(标准)k-w和SST k-w对准二维分离的捕捉与油流显示试验最接近,Realizable k-ε则对三维分离位置的预测更准确.     

充填过程ALE自由面追踪及网格生成方法

在ALE框架中提出了一种用于成型充填过程有限元数值模拟的自由面追踪及网格生成方法,用于确定自由面网格点移动的附加方程以自适应形式引入,适用于不同形状复杂腔体充填数值模拟中的自由面追踪．充填域变质量体系的实时网格生成过程简化为特定时刻移动自由面附近区域的多边形三角化过程,因而大大减少了网格处理所需的计算量．针对充填过程的特点提出了局部Laplacian光顺方法,有效地改善了网格质量．分析了不同类型的自由面节点碰壁方式并提出了相应的处理方法．给出了一个典型腔体中充填过程的数值模拟结果,证明了所提出的自由面追踪及网格生成方法的有效性．     

改进复合单元渗透系数调整法渗流自由面分析

在复合单元渗透系数调整法基础上,应用连续的罚函数对其改进,优化了此类算法的稳定性,提高了收敛速度和精度,并将此改进算法编制成相应的有限元分析程序,通过算例验证,可应用于稳定和非稳定渗流自由面边界复杂渗流场的高效精细模拟.     

基于虚拟惰性点的土基模量反演方法

为了提高惰性点法土基模量反演精度,研究了基于有限点弯沉的完整弯沉盆的预测方法,提出了基于预测完整弯沉盆的虚拟惰性点计算方法,并与基于实际完整弯沉盆的实际惰性点的反演结果相对比,针对反演精度进行了理论分析和实例验证.结果表明,分别采用对数分段线性插值法和指数模型预测弯沉检测范围内、外的弯沉盆信息时,预测精度高,计算简便.实惰性点法和虚惰性点法的平均理论反演误差分别为1.70%和1.53%.惰性点位置对反演误差有较大影响,当惰性点位置超出弯沉盆检测范围时,实惰性点法和虚惰性点法的平均反演误差分别为2.63%和1.45%.实测弯沉盆分析结果与理论模拟分析结果相符.通过改进惰性点参数计算方法,虚惰性点法显著提高了土基模量反演精度.     

等宽明渠交汇水流数值计算

针对明渠交汇口缓流流动特性,分别应用水深平均H-L模型及k-ε模型建立了二维数值模型．水深方向采用静压假定,可模拟自由面和河床地形变化;应用交错网格上的有限体积法对方程组进行离散并采用水深-速度校正算法求解;每个代数方程求解采用TDMA逐行扫描法;针对交汇口几何特征,分区进行网格划分、应用实测资料对两种模型进行了验证比较,结果表明两种模型均可模拟明渠交汇口基本流动特性,但H-L模型所得的分离区计算结果比k-ε模型更为准确．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with