北京地铁洞桩法车站地表沉降变位控制分析

以北京地铁6号线洞桩法车站为工程背景,首先在现场实测数据分析的基础上对北京地区暗挖车站地表沉降值进行预测;然后选取Cam-clay(修正剑桥模型)对北京地区洞桩法地铁车站地表沉降规律进行分析;最后基于变位分配法对洞桩法地表沉降的位移控制进行分阶段处理,实现地表沉降分阶段控制的目标.结果表明:北京地铁6号线洞桩法车站地层损失率V1均小于1%,地表沉降槽宽度参数K为0.65~0.8;小导洞开挖(施工步序1)和二衬扣拱施作(施工步序3)引发的地表沉降所占比例之和近80%,施工步序1、3对控制地表沉降具有重要意义;现场实测和数值计算的结果基本吻合,地表沉降最大值均出现在车站中心线上方.     

小直径管幕工法横导洞施工现场试验及参数优化

对沈阳地铁市府大路站采用的小直径管幕工法进行研究,首先通过现场监测分析了车站横导洞施工对地表沉降和拱顶变形的影响,然后利用Midas GTS NX数值软件建立车站三维模型,并与监测数据对比验证了模型的准确性,最后分析了横导洞数量及施工顺序对地表沉降的影响.研究结果表明：横导洞开挖施工引起的地层损失率为0.08%,管幕结构有效地抑制了地表沉降;相比于其他开挖方案,采用先边后中的开挖顺序可有效减少地表沉降24.7%;当横导洞开挖数量为5～7时,引起的地表沉降差较小仅为8%,采用4个横导洞和3个横导洞施工时,相比于7个横导洞施工方案可分别减少地表沉降18.0%和28.3%.     

基于空间效应的土岩二元地层深基坑变形规律研究

为了研究土岩二元地层深基坑的变形规律,以徐州市地铁3号线南三环站深基坑工程为研究对象,监测不同施工阶段基坑围护桩侧移、基坑周边地表沉降和内支护轴力。同时,采用数值模拟方法进一步探究不同刚度放大系数和施工顺序下基坑空间效应的差异性。结果表明:土岩二元地层基坑有明显的空间效应,基坑围护桩变形和周边地表沉降要远小于土质基坑,围护桩最大侧移所处位置的平均值为0.439 45倍的开挖深度;随着刚度放大系数的减小,围护桩弯矩增大,基坑长边与短边展现出更加明显的空间效应,而阴角与阳角处的空间效应变化不显著;施工顺序对基坑空间效应有影响,分层施工的空间效应较分区分层施工更加显著。     

哈尔滨粉质粘土地层隧道沉降规律

基于哈尔滨地铁1号线同江路站-哈尔滨南站区间地表沉降的实测数据及地层信息,分析地表沉降槽宽度和地层损失率的变化规律,并在此基础上对Peck公式回归分析,得出适用于哈尔滨粉质黏土地层隧道的地表沉降修正系数。结果表明:粉质黏土地层沉降槽宽度与隧道埋深之间可用线性关系表示,此时沉降槽宽度系数的取值范围为0. 42～0. 6;当地层损失率在0. 46%～0. 59%之间时,能够更好地预测土体的体积损失量;当地表最大沉降修正系数的范围为0. 4～0. 7、沉降槽宽度修正系数的范围为0. 9～1. 3时,通过相似地质情况的哈尔滨地铁3号线旭升街站-松江生态园站区间实测数据进行验证,发现修正后的Peck公式能够更好地预测地表沉降。     

哈尔滨粉质黏土地层隧道沉降规律

基于哈尔滨地铁1号线同江路站-哈尔滨南站区间地表沉降的实测数据及地层信息,分析地表沉降槽宽度和地层损失率的变化规律,并在此基础上对Peck公式回归分析,得出适用于哈尔滨粉质黏土地层隧道的地表沉降修正系数。结果表明:粉质黏土地层沉降槽宽度与隧道埋深之间可用线性关系表示,此时沉降槽宽度系数的取值范围为0. 42～0. 6;当地层损失率在0. 46%～0. 59%之间时,能够更好地预测土体的体积损失量;当地表最大沉降修正系数的范围为0. 4～0. 7、沉降槽宽度修正系数的范围为0. 9～1. 3时,通过相似地质情况的哈尔滨地铁3号线旭升街站-松江生态园站区间实测数据进行验证,发现修正后的Peck公式能够更好地预测地表沉降。     

近间距重叠隧道施工对桥桩变形影响研究

以武汉4、6号线某区间在建地铁为背景,运用FLAC2D数值模拟方法,研究了平面应变条件下近间距重叠隧道施工在不同地层损失率、不同开挖顺序下对铁路桥群桩基础的变形影响.数值模拟结果表明,地层损失率为0.2～1.5%时,盾构隧道开挖引起的铁路桥群桩基础变形满足安全要求;当地层损失率大于1.5%时,为有效控制邻近群桩基础变形,应采取相关方案,预先加固隧道周边土体不失为一种方法.     

洞桩法导洞内台阶错距开挖对地表沉降的影响

以北京地铁14号线菜户营车站洞桩法施工为工程背景,对施工全过程进行数值仿真计算,并与现场实测结果进行对比,总结洞桩法施工引起的地表变形规律,同时分析不同的台阶长度的开挖对地表沉降的影响。结果表明:在整个施工过程中,导洞开挖阶段引起的地表沉降约占总沉降的85%,其中上导洞开挖完成引起的地表沉降约占55%;在开挖距离相同时,台阶开挖长度越大,地表沉降越大。     

富水圆砾层深基坑双排桩变形特性

以南宁地铁4号线那洪立交站附属围合区富水圆砾层深基坑为工程实例,对围合区基坑双排桩的桩顶水平位移、桩身水平位移、坑外地表沉降及地下水位进行监测,进而对基坑双排桩支护结构的变形规律进行分析,同时对止水帷幕效果进行评价.结果表明:受基坑开挖及圆砾土性质影响,桩顶水平位移在前期增长较快,受泥岩流变特性影响,停工期的变形呈现一定时间效应;桩身水平位移曲线呈"鼓胀"形,因双排桩刚度大且能够协调自身内力和变形,最大值仅为23.22 mm,桩底处几乎没有产生位移,嵌固稳定性较好;坑外地表沉降曲线受桩侧阻力影响呈"凹槽"形分布,最大值仅为0.12％H(H为基坑深度),基坑开挖对周边地表的影响主要在0.7H范围内的主要影响区;相较于监测起始水位,坑外地下水位最低点为950 mm,表明高压旋喷桩具有良好的止水效果.综合分析在圆砾层中采用双排桩支护结构是可行的,采用高压旋喷桩止水帷幕能满足施工要求.     

MJS水平桩加固在盾构下穿既有隧道中应用研究

以在富水砂层中,长沙地铁4号线近距离下穿上覆2号线运营隧道工程为背景,对Metro Jet System(MJS)水平桩加固在盾构下穿既有隧道中的应用进行研究.通过现场钻孔取芯与室内试验,并在地表和2号线隧道内布置竖向位移监测点、管片应力监测点,研究MJS水平桩的成桩效果,以及盾构掘进时周边地层与上覆隧道的变形响应规律.研究表明:MJS工法桩直径为2 m左右,抗压强度达到3 MPa以上,均满足设计要求;盾构下穿时,上覆隧道沉降呈高斯曲线分布,最大沉降4.33 mm;由于盾构开挖的卸载,相交位置处上覆隧道断面在水平方向被挤压,产生的最大附加应力为1.4 MPa;地表最大沉降为1.1 mm,其中,MJS水平桩加固区域,地表沉降相对较小.总体来看,MJS水平桩加固效果较好,可为类似工程的实施提供借鉴.     

盾构施工时桩身参数对侧桩位移的影响

针对苏州轻轨1号线盾构隧道的施工情况,采用三维有限元数值模型,研究盾构施工对不同刚度及边长桩基的影响.结果表明:当盾构施工时,不同刚度桩身均偏向隧道移动,隧道轴线处的横向位移均最大.桩身横向位移最大值、竖向位移均随桩身刚度增大而变小,而且桩顶的竖向位移均大于桩底的竖向位移;当桩身弹性模量大于10GPa时,桩身竖向沉降减小不明显.随着桩身边长的逐渐增大,盾构施工引起的桩身最大横向位移、竖向位移、桩顶与桩底的竖向位移差均逐渐减小.盾构施工时应当监控桩基隧道轴线处横向位移及竖向沉降.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with