发酵水稻秸秆产酸复合菌群的筛选与评价

 为开发秸秆发酵生产有机挥发酸的微生物种子资源和研究材料,以牛粪、猪粪堆肥、玉米地土壤、腐木以及猪粪堆肥和腐木混合物为接种物,通过传代富集培养,选育到发酵水稻秸秆产酸性能相对稳定的5个复合菌群,即FM_c、FM_d、FM_s、FM_w和FM_(d+w).经测试,FM_w具有最高的秸秆降解能力,其秸秆降解率可达46.4%;菌群FM_(d+w)发酵秸秆的总酸和丁酸比产率最高,分别为0.64和0.48g/g;发酵秸秆产乙酸能力以菌群FM_d最为突出,其乙酸比产率为0.35g/g.5个复合菌群均缺乏酸性纤维素酶活性,极大限制了秸秆降解率和产酸率,需要进一步的耐酸驯化和培养条件优化.     

纤维素分解复合菌生物预处理秸秆优越性研究

通过驯化得来一组酶活较高较稳定的纤维素分解复合菌,使用该组复合菌和高效黄绿木霉分别预处理秸秆后再进行两相厌氧发酵。其中复合菌处理的实验组产气量比未处理组高33.3%,比木霉处理组高41.9%,甲烷转化率可达47.6%。实验结果表明,复合菌实际生产中有广阔前景。     

一组常温纤维素分解菌稳定复合系的创建及其功能

从自然降解、腐烂的天然纤维素材料中分离、筛选获得生长速度快、透明圈较大、性状稳定的纤维素单菌23株。经纤维素分解力测定、回筛,获得一组由14株高效稳定纤维素分解菌组成的常温纤维素分解菌稳定复合系。该复合系常温下96 h内对麦秆粉的总分解力高达40.7%。     

愈创木酚与复合碳源共降解对黄孢原毛平革菌产酶的影响

通过正交实验法,研究愈创木酚与复合碳源共降解对黄孢原毛平革菌产酶的影响,同时探讨不同分子结构对酶催化机制的影响。实验结果表明:同时添加愈创木酚及不同结构的碳源对该菌产酶有显著影响,高浓度的愈创木酚对产酶有明显的促进作用;在培养基中添加愈创木酚2 mmol/L、葡萄糖2.5 g/L和糊精5 g/L,可以显著提高黄孢原毛平革菌的综合产酶能力;黄孢原毛平革菌可以分泌纤维素酶和木聚糖酶,而且二者之间有较好的线性正相关关系。     

一株苯胺降解菌的筛选及其特性研究

通过驯化培养,从废水中分离出一株高效苯胺降解菌6#菌株.经鉴定,该菌为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),可在苯胺浓度低于5000×10-3g/mL的基础培养基上生长.6#菌株利用苯胺的最适温度为30℃,最适pH为7.0,该菌株还可以利用对氨基苯甲酸,但不能利用其他取代类苯胺化合物,该菌株在模拟工业废水中亦有较强的降解作用.     

嗜蜡菌R的代谢特性及其摄取烷烃的机理研究

利用石蜡为惟一碳源从辽河油田油水样品中驯化筛选出一株强降解固体石蜡的菌R,初步鉴定为脲芽孢八叠球菌(Sporosarcina urea Kluyver and Niel).该菌发酵液具有较强的排油活性及稳定的乳化能力,可使油水界面张力降低55.9%,其胞外生物表面活性剂被确定为阴离子型的水溶性产物.对其胞外脂肪酸进行了GC/MS的定性分析,确定其主要为十四酸、十六酸和十八酸.对该菌在水溶性不同的底物中培养,发现其细胞表面疏水性具有调适作用,推测该菌摄取烷烃的模式不是单一的.     

新疆罗布泊周边胀果甘草内生芽孢杆菌BLG-542产碱性纤维素酶最佳条件的研究

文章以罗布泊胀果甘草中分离出的78个菌株中初步筛选出7株产碱性纤维素酶的菌株为研究对象,进行产碱性纤维素酶最佳优化条件的研究.碱性的胀果甘草内生芽孢杆菌菌株接种于CMC-Na为碳源,复合蛋白胨为氮源的培养基中,分析研究菌株产碱性纤维素酶的最佳条件优化.通过从78株本实验室于2006年保藏的罗布泊胀果甘草内生菌中筛选出能产生胞外碱性纤维素酶的7株菌,其中酶活力最高的菌株为BLG-542.本研究主要以酶活力最高的菌株BLG-542为出发菌株进行研究.经过对产酶条件优化,获得了胀果甘草内生菌产碱性纤维素酶最佳配方培养基:D-木糖10g/L,复合蛋白胨10g/L,可溶性淀粉10g/L,酵母粉5g/L,K2 HPO4 1g/L,MgSO4 0.2g/L,NaCl 20g/L,Na2CO3 10g/L;实验产酶最佳接种量为6％,最佳培养温度为37℃,最佳培养时间为48h,产酶最佳PH为9.0;菌种生长最佳PH为7.6,经过优化产酶条件纤维素酶活力从优化前的3.8U/mL提高到6.26 U/mL,是优化之前的1.8倍;该研究表明特殊生态环境的植物内生菌与次生代谢产物、活性物质、酶类有密切的关系,环境除对内生菌酶的产生极其活性影响外,还影响着内生菌的次生代谢.该地区植物内生菌均有潜在的应用价值.     

摇瓶培养条件下桑木层孔菌不同培养期多糖含量动态积累规律研究

采用滤纸片法测定菌丝体生物量以及苯酚-硫酸法测定不同培养期的桑木层孔菌多糖含量和发酵液中残糖含量,研究了摇瓶培养条件下不同培养期的桑木层孔菌多糖含量的动态积累规律.结果表明,桑木层孔菌在摇瓶中培养12d时,获得的菌丝体最多,干重达13.580g/L;培养8d时得到最多的胞外、胞内多糖,含量分别达4.585g/L和32.465mg/g;培养到12d时发酵液中残余糖量最少,为4.744g/L.该实验为进一步研究和开发利用桑木层孔菌多糖奠定了实验基础和科学依据.     

煤气厂含酚废水优势降解菌的驯化和分离

为了获得处理煤气厂含酚废水的高效菌株，以煤气厂废水处理设施的活性污泥为菌源，驯化、培养、筛选出3种降酚能力较强的菌株GPS-1、GPS-2、GPS-3。经初步鉴定，这3种菌株为假单胞菌属（Pscudomonas.sp）。通过降酚对比性试验，在500、1000、1500和2000mg/L时，GPS-1菌的降酚率比GPS-2和GPS-3菌的降酚率要高，为所选优势菌株。     

构菌营养生理的研究

测定了5株构菌(绒火菇[Flammulina velutipes])在木屑麦麸基物上生长过程中,基物中有机质及木质纤维素的降解和几种胞外多糖分解酶活性的变化。结果表明,构菌能够分解纤维素和半纤维素。但在栽培条件下构菌分解纤维素和半纤维素的能力很弱,木质素几乎不被降解利用。故利用锯末—麦麸培养基栽培构菌时,麦麸是构菌的主要营养源(碳源和氮源)。另外不同菌株分解基物中有机质的能力也不同。 构菌的木聚糖酶、羧甲基纤维素酶和淀粉酶活性均较高,该三种酶活性存在于构菌整个生长周期。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to