金川镍闪速熔炼渣的物相与铜镍分布

采用X射线衍射、光学显微镜、扫描电镜和电子探针微区分析等方法,研究金川镍内速熔炼水淬渣的主要物相组成和有价金属铜、镍在炉渣中的存在形式。结果表明,水淬渣的主要结晶物相为铁镁橄榄石,结晶相之间由玻璃相填充,细小的铜镍铁硫化物以星散状分布于炉渣中,有价金属铜、镍主要以硫化物形态存在于炉渣中,还有部分存在于铁镁橄榄石相中。     

镍沉降渣深度还原过程中的相变特征

通过化学成分、光学显微镜、X射线衍射、扫描电镜能谱分析等测试手段,分析了镍沉降渣矿物成分和嵌布特点和沉降渣深度还原过程中物相的转变特征,结果表明,渣的物相由铁镁橄榄石和玻璃质组成.渣中主要有用成分铜镍铁硫化物嵌布粒度微细,分布无规律,回收困难.经深度还原,沉降渣逐渐转变为镁黄长石、含镍金属铁、辉石、钙霞石、钠闪石、石英等新的矿物成分,加热至1300℃,还原产物物相组成稳定,镁黄长石和含镍金属铁相对含量最高.还原时间也是影响还原效果重要因素,含镍金属铁相对含量随还原时间的增加而增长,120 min时相对含量最高.热力学分析表明,镍沉降渣深度还原过程中主要发生的反应为铁镁橄榄石与氧化钙作用生成镁黄长石和FeO,FeO被C和CO还原为金属铁.金属硫化物与CaO和C通过氧化还原作用,生成的金属铜和镍溶于金属铁中,产生的CaS与硅酸盐一起析出.     

镍转炉溅渣护炉热态模拟

为将溅渣护炉技术应用于炼镍转炉,在实验室镁铬质坩埚中进行了热态模拟溅渣实验.结果表明:FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2-MgO渣系为镍转炉溅渣护炉的合理渣型,增加渣中MgO和Fe2O3含量可以明显提高炉渣熔化温度,相应渣中高熔点相铁镁橄榄石和磁铁矿显著增加,采用此类炉渣溅渣可在镁铬砖内壁形成高熔点的溅渣层;溅渣后坩埚内壁的溅渣层由反应层和挂渣层组成,其中反应层物相为镁铁固溶体和镁铬铁铝尖晶石,挂渣层主要由铁镁橄榄石和磁铁矿组成.溅渣时采用空气喷吹可增加渣中Fe2O3,适合作为溅渣气源.     

山东某高铁赤泥工艺矿物学研究

采用化学分析、X射线衍射、激光粒度分析、光学显微镜、能谱分析和BPMA等多种分析手段,对山东某高铁赤泥从工艺矿物学角度进行了详细研究.结果表明:赤泥粒度很细,化学成分与矿物(相)组成非常复杂.主要矿物(相)为微粒硅渣、赤铁矿、铁-铝氧化物、褐铁矿,以及微量的硅铝酸钠、铁-钛氧化物、石英、三水铝石、软水铝石、长石、云母等矿物.赤泥中的铁主要赋存于赤铁矿、褐铁矿、铁-铝氧化物和微粒硅渣中.赤泥中微粒硅渣含量较大但其中的矿物(相)粒度很细.充分利用微粒硅渣中的铁、铝、钛、钠是关键.     

利用电池短路法从金川渣中提取金属

在MgO稳定的氧化锆管内装金属银与金川炼镍弃渣，于l873K温度下置于碳饮和铁液中，组成如下原电池：石墨｜[O]Fe＋C饱和｜ZrO2（MgO）｜（FeO）（slag）＋Ag（1）｜Mo．其中碳饱和铁液作阳极，渣中的银液作阴极．将原电池短路，电子通过外电路在两极间传递．通过电化学分析仪测定外电路的短路电流，监测金川渣电化学还原变化．该方法利用还原剂碳非接触式电化学还原金川渣，提取金川渣中的有价金属铁、镍、铜等，获得无碳铁合金，提供了一个从冶金弃渣中回收有价金属的新途径．     

反射炉渣中铜铁的赋存状态研究

采用XRF,ICP,XRD,SEM/EDS,OM,Mossbauer,DSC/TG等方法研究了大冶有色金属公司反射炉渣的显微结构和铜铁的赋存状态.结果表明,反射炉渣的含铁矿物中磁性氧化铁质量分数仅为32.5%,粒度细小,铁橄榄石含量高,其中的铜、铁、硅矿物紧密共生,相互交织.     

某典型闪锌矿氧压浸出高硫渣工艺矿物学研究

锌冶炼高硫渣是锌氧压浸出工艺产出的危险废渣，由于矿相复杂，工艺矿物学研究不深入，导致其安全利用处置难度大.因此，采用化学分析、X射线衍射、工艺矿物学等研究手段对国内典型高硫渣进行了详细研究.结果表明:高硫渣中主要矿物为单质硫、闪锌矿、黄铁矿，以及微量的石英、云母、锌矾、铁矾等成分.高硫渣中硫磺、闪锌矿、黄铁矿等矿物间相互交织共生，赋存形式多样，且多数矿物均以单质硫磺作为镶嵌基底，高硫渣中单质硫磺、闪锌矿、黄铁矿的粒度偏细，大部分集中在74μm以下.因此促使单质硫磺粒度增大以及提高硫磺与其余矿物间解离度是提高高硫渣中有价元素综合回收的关键.     

科马提岩类岩浆熔离硫化镍矿石建造

与科马提岩(超铁镁火山岩)类有关的硫化镍矿床是70年代提出的新的矿床类型,它在硫化镍矿床中约占54%;占世界镍储量的22.7%,占1979年世界开采量的26.1%;它主要产于太古代绿岩带中,但其他年代地层中也有产出。成矿母岩和赋矿围岩均为科马提岩,其鬣刺结构和流层状构造特别发育。本型矿石主要由磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、磁铁矿等组成,较之与辉长岩类有关的铜镍硫化物矿床,其镍黄铁矿含量远大于黄铜矿,Ni/Cu比值在10-70之间(与辉长岩类有关的矿床为17)。本文还介绍了本型矿石建造的矿物共生组合、组构、矿体的形状与产状、成矿物质的来源,以及矿床的成因。     

金川镍闪速炉熔炼渣和冰镍的表面张力及其界面张力

用多元回归和Butler方程分别计算了金川镍闪速炉熔炼渣和冰镍的表面张力.运用Girifalco-Good方程,计算了金川镍闪速炉熔炼渣与冰镍间的界面张力,分析了界面张力与炉渣成分、表面张力及温度的关系.提出了改进金川镍闪速炉冶炼工艺的若干建议.     

金川镍弃渣铁资源回收综合利用

针对金川镍弃渣的特点,采用深度还原-磁选工艺,对其进行铁资源回收的综合利用实验研究,获得了铁品位为89.84%,铁回收率达93.21%的铁精矿. 探讨了还原温度、还原时间、二元碱度、磨矿细度和磁场强度等不同实验条件对产品指标和分离效果的影响. 通过X射线衍射分析、光学显微分析、SEM分析、化学分析等手段确定了镍弃渣与铁精矿的物相组成和特点.     

THE SUDBURY STRUCTURE : AN INTRODUCTION

The capital of the world’s nickel,Sudbury in north Ontario,is named for the SudburyStructure.The Sudbury Structure and its associated Cu-Ni sulphide deposits is a signifi-cant geological record on the earth.Detailed study of the Sudbury Structure has suggest-ed that the Sudbury Structure is a violent structure,widely regarded as meteoritic shock-ing structure.The footwall rock of the structure is Precambrian metamorphic rockswhich has subjected shock metamorphism and formed Sudbury Breccia partly.The Sud-bury Igneous Complex(SIC)is a controversial igneous rocks,compositionally from quartznorite to granophyre and quartz diorite—offset dikes,for its special composition andgeological occurrence.The hang-wall rock,Whitewater Group,is more complex and in-terpreted as an ignimbrite or the fallback breccia from the impact of a meteorite.Coinci-dentally,the Sudbury Structure is located on the east-tending Elliot Lake—Englehartpositive gravity anomaly and at the"Junction"of three structure provinces,and also     

镍钼矿浮选尾矿工艺矿物学及再选试验研究

镍钼矿浮选尾矿中Ni、Mo的品位分别为0.42%、0.62%,仍然具有开发利用价值.通过工艺矿物学分析,解释了镍钼矿浮选尾矿中镍、钼均主要以硫化矿形式存在,钼矿物与脉石矿嵌布关系密切,镍矿物与黄铁矿共生关系密切.通过再选闭路试验,浮选得到了Ni、Mo品位分别为1.44%、1.89%的再选精矿,Ni、Mo回收率分别为46.39%、41.24%,增加了镍钼矿综合回收利用.     

Activity coefficients of NiO and CoO in CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 slag and their application to the recycling of Ni-Co-Fe-based end-of-life superalloys via remelting

To design optimal pyrometallurgical processes for nickel and cobalt recycling, and more particularly for the end-of-life process of Ni–Co–Fe-based end-of-life (EoL) superalloys, knowledge of their activity coefficients in slags is essential. In this study, the activity coeffi-cients of NiO and CoO in CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 slag, a candidate slag used for the EoL superalloy remelting process, were measured using gas/slag/metal equilibrium experiments. These activity coefficients were then used to consider the recycling efficiency of nickel and cobalt by remelting EoL superalloys using CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 slag. The activity coefficients of NiO and CoO in CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 slag both show a positive deviation from Raoult’s law, with values that vary from 1 to 5 depending on the change in basicity. The activity coefficients of NiO and CoO peak in the slag with a composition near B = (%CaO)/(%SiO2) = 1, whereB is the basicity. We observed that controlling the slag composition at approximatelyB = 1 effectively reduces the cobalt and nickel oxidation losses and promotes the oxidation removal of iron during the remelting process of EoL superalloys.     

Ferronickel enrichment by fine particle reduction and magnetic separation from nickel laterite ore

Ferronickel enrichment and extraction from nickel laterite ore were studied through reduction and magnetic separation. Reduction experiments were performed using hydrogen and carbon monoxide as reductants at different temperatures (700–1000°C). Magnetic separation of the reduced products was conducted using a SLon-100 cycle pulsating magnetic separator (1.2 T). Composition analysis indicates that the nickel laterite ore contains a total iron content of 22.50wt% and a total nickel content of 1.91wt%. Its mineral composition mainly consists of serpentine, hortonolite, and goethite. During the reduction process, the grade of nickel and iron in the products increases with increasing reduction temperature. Although a higher temperature is more favorable for reduction, the temperature exceeding 1000°C results in sintering of the products, preventing magnetic separation. After magnetic separation, the maximum total nickel and iron concentrations are 5.43wt% and 56.86wt%, and the corresponding recovery rates are 84.38% and 53.76%, respectively.     

矿渣胶凝材料固结尾砂的微观实验

用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和热重!差示扫描量热方法表征了矿渣胶凝材料的水化产物和微观结构,研究了矿渣胶凝材料对尾砂固结过程的影响.微观实验结果表明:矿渣胶凝材料的水化产物主要为水化硅酸钙凝胶(C—S—H)、钙矾石(AFt)及少量的帕水钙石(Ca2Al4Si4O15(OH)2.4H2O)和沸石类矿物,随着养护时间的延长,矿渣胶凝材料在水化过程中发生晶体结构重组和重排;尾砂中的方英石、云母和碳酸盐类矿物(方解石、白云石等)是尾砂固结过程中的活性成分,能生成其他晶体矿物和胶凝状矿物,这是导致固结体微观结构不同的主要原因.     

高MgO镍铁渣作为活性混合材使用的可行性分析

中国镍铁渣排放量很大,但目前尚未找到大量利用的途径。笔者在分析镍铁渣组成、性能的基础上,对镍铁渣作为活性混合材使用的可能性及效果进行了研究。结果表明:镍铁渣中非晶体矿物的含量为88.1%,含量高达27.07%的MgO主要以顽辉石和镁铁橄榄石两种晶体矿物形式存在。镍铁渣的比表面积影响其活性和在水泥中的掺量。作为活性混合材,镍铁渣比表面积需不低于454.6m~2/kg。比表面积越大,活性指数越大,掺量越大。镍铁渣水泥的压蒸安定性合格,即使在水泥中掺入50%比表面积842.9 m~2/kg的镍铁渣,水泥的压蒸膨胀率仅为0.11%,大大低于0.5%的GB750—1992要求,由此证明镍铁渣不会因为MgO含量高而影响其作为活性混合材的使用。     

Activity coefficients of NiO and CoO in CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 slag and their application to the recycling of Ni-Co-Fe-based end-of-life superalloys via remelting

To design optimal pyrometallurgical processes for nickel and cobalt recycling, and more particularly for the end-of-life process of Ni-Co-Fe-based end-of-life (EoL) superalloys, knowledge of their activity coefficients in slags is essential. In this study, the activity coefficients of NiO and CoO in CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ slag, a candidate slag used for the EoL superalloy remelting process, were measured using gas/slag/metal equilibrium experiments. These activity coefficients were then used to consider the recycling efficiency of nickel and cobalt by remelting EoL superalloys using CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ slag. The activity coefficients of NiO and CoO in CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ slag both show a positive deviation from Raoult's law, with values that vary from 1 to 5 depending on the change in basicity. The activity coefficients of NiO and CoO peak in the slag with a composition near B=(%CaO)/(%SiO₂)=1, where B is the basicity. We observed that controlling the slag composition at approximately B=1 effectively reduces the cobalt and nickel oxidation losses and promotes the oxidation removal of iron during the remelting process of EoL superalloys.     

盐雾对喷锡和化金印制电路板腐蚀行为的影响

采用交流阻抗谱研究热风整平无铅喷锡处理印制电路板( PCB-HASL)和无电镀镍金电路板( PCB-ENIG)在盐雾环境下的电化学腐蚀行为,并结合体式学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线能谱等手段分析两种不同表面处理工艺电路板的腐蚀产物形貌、组成和镀层失效机制. 结果表明:盐雾环境下,PCB-HASL和PCB-ENIG均发生严重腐蚀;镀Sn层开始发生局部腐蚀,随后几乎整个表面都发生腐蚀,出现类似均匀腐蚀的现象,镀金板主要发生微孔腐蚀. 在PCB-HASL腐蚀过程中,Cl-的侵蚀作用促进Sn层的腐蚀,后来由于逐渐形成大量的覆盖在镀层表面的腐蚀产物,使得腐蚀速率降低;而在PCB-ENIG腐蚀过程中,微孔处形成含Cl-电解质薄液层,Ni与Au构成腐蚀电偶,从而加速Ni的腐蚀,最终使Cu基底裸露,造成电路板失效.