复合催化剂催化合成对羟基苯甲酸正丁酯

研究了在一水硫酸氢钠复合催化剂存在的条件下,由正丁醇和对羟基苯甲酸高收率合成对羟基苯甲酸正丁酯。探讨了一水硫酸氢钠复合催化剂用量、正丁醇用量和反应时间,带水剂的选择等因素对催化合成对羟基苯甲酸正丁酯收率的影响。实验结果表明,当对羟基苯甲酸、正丁醇和硫酸氢钠的摩尔比为1∶2∶0.072,助催化剂在0.1 g、带水剂5 ml时,回流分水4h,酯收率达92.0 %,为最佳条件.     

SiO_2负载纳米级SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2固体超强酸催化合成对羟基苯甲酸丁酯

以对羟基苯甲酸和正丁醇为原料,SiO2负载纳米级SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸为催化剂催化合成对羟基苯甲酸丁酯,研究了对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的合成条件和催化剂的重复使用效果.实验结果显示:SiO2负载纳米级SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸是合成对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的良好催化剂,在最佳反应条件下,对羟基苯甲酸的转化率为98.6%,催化剂重复使用6次后,对羟基苯甲酸的转化率仍可达90.8%.     

对羟基苯甲酸异丁酯的合成

研究了不同催化剂体系中对羟基苯甲酸异丁酯的合成,并对合成条件进行了优化.实验结果表明,以一水合硫酸氢钠为催化剂,同时添加少量活性炭,可获得高收率、高品质的对羟基苯甲酸异丁酯.最佳反应条件为:一水合硫酸氢钠2.0 g,活性炭0.25 g,异丁醇与对羟基苯甲酸的摩尔比为3︰1,反应时间5 h,对羟基苯甲酸异丁酯的收率高达90.7%.     

微波催化合成尼泊金丁酯的研究

采用微波催化技术,以硫酸氢钠为催化剂合成尼泊金丁酯,并对催化剂用量、醇酸比、微波辐射时间、微波催化功率等因素对产物收率的影响进行了讨论.实验确定反应的最优化条件是对羟基苯甲酸:正丁醇:硫酸氢钠的摩尔比是1:2:0.036,微波功率700W条件下,辐射回流分水25min,经后处理和分析验证,白色晶体尼泊金丁酯收率可达89.70%.     

硫酸氢钠催化合成对羟基苯甲酸丁酯

应用一水硫酸氢钠催化正丁醇与对羟基苯甲酸的酯化反应，合成了对羟基苯甲酸丁酯．研究结果表明，硫酸氢钠具有较高的催化活性．考察了对羟基苯甲酸／正丁醇摩尔比、催化剂用量及反应时间对酯产率的影响．在典型反应条件(对经基苯甲酸／正丁醇／硫酸氢钠的摩尔比＝1：2：0.072，回流分水5h）下，所得对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的产率为92．8％．该催化剂易于回收且可重复使用．     

十二水硫酸铁铵催化合成苯甲酸正丁酯

在十二水合硫酸铁铵存在下，由正丁醇和苯甲酸合成了苯甲酸正丁酯.当苯甲酸正丁醇和硫酸铁铵的摩尔比为130.16，回流分水4小时，酯收率达74.2%.     

酯化合成对羟基苯甲酸正丁酯

磷钨杂多酸、负载磷钨杂多酸作为合成对羟基苯甲酸正丁酯(尼泊金丁酯)的催化剂.催化剂用量为对羟基苯甲酸质量的5%,反应时间为3 h.     

硫酸氢钠催化合成苯甲酸正丁酯

硫酸氢钠可代替硫酸催化酯化作用。在一水硫酸氢钠存在下由正丁醇和苯甲酸合成了苯甲酸正丁酯。当苯甲酸、正丁醇和硫酸氢钠的物质的量比为 1∶2∶0 .0 7,回流分水 2h ,酯收率可达 96 .6 %。本法操作方便 ,反应温和 ,产品纯度和收率高     

壳聚糖硫酸盐催化合成尼泊金丁酯

用壳聚糖硫酸盐作为催化剂合成了尼泊金丁酯,其反应的最佳条件为:酸醇物质的量比为1∶4,催化剂用量为1.2g(0.1mol)对羟基苯甲酸,反应时间4h,产品收率达92.6%.该催化剂催化效果好,酯收率高,污染小,可重复使用.     

对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的合成研究

以氨基磺酸为催化剂,阳离子树脂做脱水剂,以对羟基苯甲酸和丁醇为原料合成尼泊金丁酯,最优工艺条件为:醇酸摩尔比6:1,2g氨基磺酸,采用脱水装置,回流反应6h,反应产率可达89.7%.运用酸碱滴定法在线分析了反应的转化率,对比了采用阳离子树脂脱水与不脱水的转化率大小;比较了几种磺酸类催化剂的催化活性.用红外光谱图表征了产品结构,并测定了其熔点.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.