吉兰泰与乌梁素海两地盐土植物水势的测定及探讨

测定了吉兰泰和乌梁素海两地盐土植物的水势,结果表明,吉兰泰地区盐土植物的水势高于乌梁素海地区。两地耐盐碱强的植物以早生和中生为主,在重度盐碱条件下,植物的抗盐碱性与植物的抗旱性有相关性。群落中耐盐碱强的植物。有许多种类的叶片变态成鳞叶或肉质化,更适合在盐碱条件下生存,共抗盐碱机理与抗旱机理具有趋同适应的趋势。     

Preliminary research on Megalake Jilantai-Hetao in the arid areas of China during the Late Quaternary

We identified geomorphological, sedimentary and biological evidence of high lake levels around the current Jilantai Salt Lake through field investigations and through analyses of regional remote sensing images. There are four groups of shorelines at elevations of around 1060, 1050, 1044 and 1035 m a.s.l., being 37, 27, 21 and 12 m above the current salt lake surface, respectively. Littoral deposits of sand and gravels are found at elevations between 1070 and 1080 m a.s.l., 47 to 57 m higher than the current salt lake surface, although palaeoshoreline landforms are only preserved at several sites. At Herimuxini, on the northern margin of the Ulan Buh Desert, typical lacustrine sediments and sand-gravel littoral deposits also occur at elevations of 1080 m a.s.I, and below. A 11-km-long typical spit extends eastward from this shoreline gradually reducing in elevation from 1050 to 1035 m a.s.I. In some sand-gravel quarries along the southern bank of the Yellow River on its Great Bend, such as those located near the Hydrological Gauge Station and Shilazhao Town, shoreline features were identified. Littoral deposits overlying the alluvial-diluvial layers occur in a sand quarry near Balagong in Hangjin County. There are also beachrock and littoral deposits preserved on the cut-and-built terraces at several sites along the southern piedmont of Langshan-Yinshan Mountains. In addition, a profile revealing subaqueous delta sediments was identified near Wuhai, where the Yellow River enters the basin. Typical lake sediments also exist at the Togtoh Platform on the eastern end of the Hetao Plain. Aquatic Mollusk shells are common in the littoral deposits, including several species of Corbicula, Radix lagotis, R. xauricularia and Gyraulus convexiusculus. Ostracode shells can also be identified in finer sediments. Typical ver- tical prograding sequences are evident in outcrops where lacustrine sediments were well preserved. Wave-rolled cobbles and beachrock are very commonly preserved on the top of profiles in the embankments at     

High lake levels on Alxa Plateau during the Late Quaternary

Field investigations including lake shoreline measurement and ¹⁴C chronology have been carried out on the Alxa Plateau to better understand the formation and evolution of the high lake levels in northwest China during the late Pleistocene. Comprehensive field investigations show that there are at least ten shorelines at different elevations at Juyan Lake, at least four on the northwest side of the Jilantai Salt Lake, and nine shorelines and one terrace on the northeast margin of Zhuye Lake. Stratigraphic correlations and chronological evidence indicate that the paleo-lakes have the highest lake levels in Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3. Though the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) results which have been reported by some scholars do not support this view, the fact that the paleo-lakes have the highest lake levels in MIS 3 can not be denied. Differences between OSL and ¹⁴C results from this work might indicate that high lake levels existed on the Alxa Plateau during two different periods. It also suggests that the high lake levels may exist in both MIS 5 and early MIS 3. This paper also provides the basic hydrological information for further water resources research in this arid region.     

变咸水湖为淡水湖

依据咸水湖的成因及工业锅炉通过排污以保持盐平衡的原理,提出了一种将咸水湖大部分水面改造为淡水湖的方案,其关键在于为咸水湖创造一个出口,以排出过多的盐分,从而逐渐淡化咸水湖,最终使其水质达到淡水湖的标准.文中进行了数学推导,提出了分割湖面,闸门开设位置等的原则;并讨论了咸水湖淡化的速度问题给出了湖水含盐量在淡化过程中与时间t及其它相关量的数学模型.本方案不需淡化装置,不耗费能源.     

柴达木循环经济试验区氯元素迁移及转化分析

青海柴达木循环经济试验区主要为氯化物型盐湖,在开发过程中会产生大量含氯副产物。平衡和消纳这些含氯副产物,对于实现盐湖产业链中的氯平衡具有重要意义。从柴达木循环经济试验区总体规划的主要产品出发,分析了氯元素在规划产品中的工业代谢过程,提出了氯平衡和氯化钙对盐湖的潜在污染问题是盐湖氯元素利用面临的两大主要问题,转化为固体产品的固定化过程、转化为可外销有机氯产品的转移过程和氯化钙的清洁储存过程是其3种迁移转化途径。这3种途径若付诸实施,有望实现试验区氯元素的基本平衡。     

拉果错湖水5℃蒸发析盐规律研究

针对西藏拉果错湖水,研究5℃恒温蒸发过程析盐规律,获得蒸发过程液相中各元素的富集行为和盐类析出规律,并参考Na+、K+//Cl-、24SO-–H2O四元水盐体系相图对结果进行分析,为以后该盐湖的合理开发利用提供基础实验数据.同时蒸发剩余卤水中Li+的质量浓度由初始0.281,g/L增加为4.938,g/L,形成了很好的提锂原料.     

扎布耶盐湖生物区系的组成及盐藻资源开发前景

报道了西藏扎布耶盐湖生物区系的组成，共有２２个属，其中藻类为１４个属，动物为８个属，根据对湖中水样的分析，该区系生物资源极为贫瘠，无盐藻开发前景。     

蒸发盐沉积若干问题的实验研究

在实验研究的基础上,本文探讨了广泛分布于我国境内蒸发盐的沉积机理,论述了硫酸钠亚型不同组分卤水的演化、矿物形成条件及析盐序列等,指出钾盐沉积出现的可能性。实验证明钾盐沉积物的形成,不一定达到国内外某些学者认为的“干湖”阶段,从而发展了成钾理论。文中阐明了介稳平衡和稳定平衡的不同性质,在卤水组分和温度相同的条件下,析盐的种类和组合关系不同。在蒸发盐矿床形成过程中,两类平衡所起的作用不同,盐类矿物沉积阶段主要处于介稳平衡状态。     

盐湖地区钢筋混凝土结构使用寿命的预测模型及其应用

根据Fick扩散定律，推导出综合考虑混凝土的氯离子结合能力，氯离子扩散系数的时间依赖性和混凝土结构微缺陷影响的新扩散方程，建立了用于预测混凝土使用寿命的氯离子扩散理论模型，用暴露于青海盐湖地区的C20和C40混凝土立方体试件对理论模型进行了实验验证，用在青海盐湖地区实际运行19a的钢筋混凝土结构对理论模型进行了工程验证，结果表明，本文理论模型的预测值与实测值非常吻合，而Fick第二扩散定律与实测值明显不符，此外，运用本文理论模型预测普通钢筋混凝土电杆在盐湖地区的使用寿命仅1．2a，而抗腐蚀钢筋混凝土电杆的使用寿命能够达到50a以上。     

西藏扎布耶盐湖卤水273 K等温蒸发实验

 西藏扎布耶盐湖卤水中蕴藏着丰富的矿产资源,具有巨大的开发利用价值。盐田相分离技术是盐湖卤水资源开发利用的有效手段,而盐湖卤水蒸发实验是盐田相分离技术的基础。通过对西藏扎布耶盐湖冬季卤水进行273 K 等温蒸发实验,研究了蒸发过程中盐类结晶析出规律,发现扎布耶冬季卤水273 K 等温蒸发析盐顺序为石盐、芒硝、硼砂、泡碱、钾石盐、碳酸锂,与Na⁺、K⁺//Cl^-、CO₂^-3、SO₂^-4-H₂O五元水盐体系298 K 相图有一定区别;锂在实验中得到了有效的富集,与原卤水相比浓缩倍数达3.66 倍;钾主要以钾石盐的形式于蒸发实验中后期结晶析出,可得到较高品位的钾混盐,其中钾石盐品位最高可达到17.13%,很适合后续提取;硼砂在整个蒸发过程均有析出,相比高温条件,硼砂析出较分散且含量不高,不利于其利用。扎布耶年均气温在0℃左右,该等温蒸发实验可为低温条件下开发利用扎布耶盐湖卤水资源提供基础依据。