利用酸洗废液研制磁性材料的试验研究

本文从新的角度研究对酸洗废液的综合利用。通过实验,探讨了在超声波环境中,利用酸洗废液制取磁性粉末材料(氧化铁黑)的最佳工艺条件以及其反应的基本原理;并进行简单的综合利用试验探讨。结果表明,利用酸洗废液制取磁性粉末材料有良好的环境与经济效益。     

钢厂酸洗废液治理方案的探讨

本文通过对钢厂酸洗废液的各种处理方法的比较，提出了适用一般钢厂酸洗废液的处理方案，并阐述了实施步骤。     

电解法处理不锈钢酸洗废液机理的研究

通过对常用于清洗不锈钢氧化皮的含有氢氟酸酸洗废液进行电解,探讨了在酸性废液中金属电沉积的条件及阳离子表面活性剂对析氢超电势的影响,初步找到了电解法处理酸洗废液再生利用的方法;这对解决国内外至今尚未解决的排放污染问题有较大的实用价值。     

含铁废盐酸的资源化处理—类相图的绘制

用盐酸作为钢材酸洗介质,会产生相当多的盐酸酸洗废液,废液如果直接排放会严重污染环境,而且浪费资源。本文以宝鸡瑞星化工机械厂和宝鸡铁塔厂的酸洗废液为原料,通过实验室小试,探索出了通过蒸馏浓缩以及浓缩液酸化制备盐酸的工艺条件;在此基础上设计了相关的工艺路线并进行中试,制得了浓度高达34%的盐酸,同时副产氧化铁红和磷肥。该工艺不仅可消除酸洗废液对环境的污染,且有良好的经济效益,为钢材盐酸酸洗废液资源化处理综合利用提供了实用技术,是循环经济的很好实例。本文着重讨论了制作相图的有关知识,如：对得到做相图的有关实验数据测得的实验过程,分析方法都做了详细叙述,且对相图进行了讨论。相图的制作是浓缩、精馏的基础,也是其数据的基本来源,做好相图是本工艺最基本的一步。     

改性纸色谱法对不锈钢酸洗废液中金属离子的检测

采用壳聚糖醋酸溶液为固定相的纸色谱法分离不锈钢酸洗废液中的金属离子.经实验结果表明:展开剂的配比V(丙酮)∶V(盐酸)∶V(水)=33∶3∶4时分离Fe3+,Cu2+,Fe2+,Cr3+,Ni2+的5种金属离子的效果最佳,分离晾干后显色剂采用质量分数为0.40%的二硫代乙二酰胺乙醇溶液较为合适.用此方法来鉴定304HC和1Cr13不锈钢酸洗废液中的金属离子,所得结论:前者的废液中含有Fe2+,Ni2+,Fe3+,Cr3+;后者的废液中含有Fe2+,Fe3+,Cr3+.     

酸洗废液中D201树脂的Fe~(3+)吸附及脱附性能研究

为研究盐酸洗钢铁废酸的循环利用,采用D201离子交换树脂吸附去除氧化后盐酸酸洗废液中的三价铁离子,使吸附后的废酸循环利用.以静态吸附法对比了不同预处理方式D201树脂的吸附及脱附性能.进而用动态吸附法探究最优预处理后的树脂对Fe~(3+)吸附和脱附再生性能.结果表明,采用先碱洗再酸洗预处理的树脂有较大的吸附容量和较好的吸附脱附性能,在处理酸洗废液中性能更加稳定.并研究了先碱洗再酸洗的D201树脂在吸附柱中的动态吸附过程,为盐酸洗钢铁废酸的循环利用奠定了基础.     

陶瓷膜气升反应器用于钢铁酸洗废液的处理

钢铁工业生产中排放的酸洗废液会对环境造成污染,已被列为危险废物进行管理.采用10L的陶瓷膜气升反应器,以膜孔径为200nm的外膜陶瓷膜管为过滤元件,针对低质量浓度酸洗废液的处理进行了实验研究.研究结果表明,处理Fe2 初始质量浓度为60mg/L的料液时,在0～400L/h曝气量范围内,膜通量能维持在100L/(m2·h)以上;在料液中加入质量浓度为20mg/L的聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)絮凝剂,同等操作条件下稳定通量只有原来的25%;在质量分数为1%的硝酸溶液中浸煮30min,膜通量基本能完全恢复.对于Fe2 质量浓度为60mg/L的酸洗废液,在水力停留时间3.5h、pH6～9和充分曝气情况下,经气升式膜反应器处理的出水浊度＜2NTU,pH符合排放标准,铁离子的去除率＞80%.     

特殊钢酸洗废液的治理及利用

本文以实验数据和应用效果为基础论述了用氧化还原—络合法从特殊钢酸洗废液中提取镍、铬、锰、铁、钼等金属的技术路线、社会效益和经济效益。     

电解法处理不锈钢酸洗废液

目前 ,国内外处理含氢氟酸不锈钢酸洗废液的方法是化学法 ,即使 F- 以某种盐类析出 ,然后采用酸碱中和的方法将废液直接排放 .国内大中小企业几乎均采用此方法 ,显然这种处理方法对环境会造成严重污染 .本项目借鉴电解原理 ,对废液进行电解处理 ,通过筛选合适的电极及向废液中添加活性剂 ,最终达到在酸性废液中只有金属离子在阴极上析出 ,而不使 H+还原析出 .这样 ,若进一步向处理后的废液中补加酸 ,清洗液将可继续利用 ,解决了排放污染问题 .因为 F-氧化析出电位很高 ,故电解过程中不会有 F- 的氧化析出消耗问题 ,其始终存在于废液中 .不…     

中央空调的水处理与改善方法

中央空调水系统在运行过程中会有大量腐蚀产物和藻类生物粘泥产生,这些污垢沉积在换热器铜管表面,严重影响中央空调的制冷效果和使用寿命,因此,我们需要在中央空调冷却水系统和冷媒水系统定期进行各种水处理,为了解决中央空调因酸洗而导致系统泄漏甚至报废以及酸洗废液严重污染环境的难题,本文提出了自动消垢式无酸无污染化学清洗技术,对中央空调水处理技术的发展趋势进行了大胆探讨。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.