重力场中的气温公式

通过对重力场中的温度分布的研究，导出了重力场中的温度梯度公式，并利用该公式推出了重力场中的气温公式，描绘了地球周围低高处大气温度随高度变化的近似曲线。     

关于静电场能量的一个注释

由电动力学知识，运用热力学关系式导出了总静电场能量的一个普遍公式，并由此得出真空中的总静电场能公式及无损耗电介质中的总电场能公式。     

洛仑兹力公式的协变性与基础地位

本文论证了洛仑兹力公式在狭义相对论中的协变性，讨论了对公式中各量的正确理解和公式在电磁场理论中的重要地位。     

用一个公式来复习立体几何中的体积公式

用一个公式将多面体中的棱柱、棱锥、棱台体积公式和旋转体中的圆柱、圆锥、圆台及球、球缺体积公式概括起来，一方面巩固所学知识。培养同学们推理、分析、证明、概括问题的能力，另一方面加深对公式的理解。     

弦振动方程中D＇Alembert公式的算子算法

主要讨论了运用算子的方法推导出弦振动方程中的D＇Alembert公式．弦振动方程中的D＇Alembert公式是偏微分方程中一个非常重要的基本公式．该公式的推导方法中一个最基本方法是特征线法．本文从另一角度即算子的方法，将弦振动方程写成算子的形式，再根据一阶线性偏微分方程的求解方法，最终推导出D＇Alembert公式．     

FRP约束混凝土圆柱体极限受压强度及其应变计算公式

通过对国内外共341个实验数据的研究，分析了FRP约束混凝土圆柱极限受压强度及应变公式，分析结果认为强度公式和应变公式均呈现出较好的线性关系，可以用线性公式表示，并对线性关系中的k值重点做了分析比较，分析了不同作者k值不同的原因，并提出了相关公式。     

汇流面积曲线概化的推理公式及其应用

本文将小流域设计洪峰流量推理公式中的汇流面积进行曲线概化，引入流域形状系数β．与原推理公式比较，新公式更合理更接近实际情况．     

用一个公式来复习立体几何中的体积公式

用一个公式v=1/6h(s 4s。 s’)将多面体中的棱柱、棱锥、棱台体积公式和旋转体中的圆柱、圆锥、圆台及球、球缺体积公式概括起来，一方面巩固所学知识。培养同学们推理、分析、证明、概括问题的能力，另一方面加深对公式的理解。     

船用雷达圆极化器螺钉容纳拟合公式的研究

阐述了圆极化器在船用雷达中的应用，分析了设计圆极化器所采用拟合公式的缺陷，提出了修正拟合公式的方法，用修正的拟合公式优化设计 一种圆极化器，设计结果性能优良。     

弱化条件的Newton—Leibniz公式

鉴于定积分基本公式要求的条件较强，从定积分基本公式-Newton-Leibniz公式出发，首先在弱化其条件的基础上得到一个预备定理并予以证明。然后将预备定理的条件进一步削弱，得到定理弱化条件的Newton-Leibniz公式并予以证明，同时，对上述预备定理及定理中的情况分别举例说明，从而使得定积分基本公式的适用范围更加广泛。     

A theoretical model for mid-and low-latitude ionospheric electric fields in realistic geomagnetic fields

The geomagnetic fields, which play important roles in the ionospheric dynamo, can greatly affect the global distribution of ionospheric electric fields, currents and other ionospheric electrodynamics phenomena. In the study of ionospheric electrodynamics phenomena, such as the longitudinal variations of ionospheric electric fields, the non-dipolar component of the geomagnetic fields must be taken into account. In this paper, we deduce a theoretical electric field model for ionospheric dynamo at mid- and low-latitude which adopt a modified magnetic apex coordinates system. In the new electric field model, the geomagnetic fields can be calculated from either the IGRF model or the dipole field model, and the neutral winds and conductivities are calculated based on empirical models. Then the dynamo equation for the electric potential is finally solved in terms of the line-by-line iteration method, and the ionospheric electric fields and currents are derived from the calculated potential. Our model can reproduce the main features of the ionospheric electrodynamics processes, so it will be a useful tool for the investigation of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere.     

经典电动力学的适用界限

通过计算电子作为点粒子时的固有能以及电子在外电场中运动时的自作用力，给出了经典电动力学在尺度、波长及场强３个方面存在的界限，指出这些界限的存在源于经典电动力学的内部矛盾．对修改经典电动力学的有关理论进行了讨论．     

关于三维导体自感磁链的计算

给出了用磁能法计算三维导体自感磁链的方法，该方法与电动力学中采用的方法不同，可使工科院校学生在学习普通物理时易于接受。     

从达朗贝尔方程到推迟势教学方法探讨

达朗贝尔方程及对应推迟势是研究电磁辐射的理论基础,求解推迟势是教学的重点,而在电动力学大多数教材中利用达朗贝尔方程求推迟势时采用先猜想后验证的方法,笔者阐述了在此内容教学用到的直接法,并对比两方法探讨电动力学课堂教学.     

运用《纲要信号》图示法提高课堂教学质量

本文扼要地介绍《纲要信号》图示教学法,并列举作者在《电动力学》课堂教学中几个应用实例。认为《纲要信号》图示教学法在高年级理论课程的教学中是很值得提倡的。     

Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene

Quantum electrodynamics (resulting from the merger of quantum mechanics and relativity theory) has provided a clear understanding of phenomena ranging from particle physics to cosmology and from astrophysics to quantum chemistry. The ideas underlying quantum electrodynamics also influence the theory of condensed matter, but quantum relativistic effects are usually minute in the known experimental systems that can be described accurately by the non-relativistic Schr?dinger equation. Here we report an experimental study of a condensed-matter system (graphene, a single atomic layer of carbon) in which electron transport is essentially governed by Dirac's (relativistic) equation. The charge carriers in graphene mimic relativistic particles with zero rest mass and have an effective 'speed of light' c* approximately 10(6) m s(-1). Our study reveals a variety of unusual phenomena that are characteristic of two-dimensional Dirac fermions. In particular we have observed the following: first, graphene's conductivity never falls below a minimum value corresponding to the quantum unit of conductance, even when concentrations of charge carriers tend to zero; second, the integer quantum Hall effect in graphene is anomalous in that it occurs at half-integer filling factors; and third, the cyclotron mass m(c) of massless carriers in graphene is described by E = m(c)c*2. This two-dimensional system is not only interesting in itself but also allows access to the subtle and rich physics of quantum electrodynamics in a bench-top experiment.     

Strong coupling of a single photon to a superconducting qubit using circuit quantum electrodynamics

The interaction of matter and light is one of the fundamental processes occurring in nature, and its most elementary form is realized when a single atom interacts with a single photon. Reaching this regime has been a major focus of research in atomic physics and quantum optics for several decades and has generated the field of cavity quantum electrodynamics. Here we perform an experiment in which a superconducting two-level system, playing the role of an artificial atom, is coupled to an on-chip cavity consisting of a superconducting transmission line resonator. We show that the strong coupling regime can be attained in a solid-state system, and we experimentally observe the coherent interaction of a superconducting two-level system with a single microwave photon. The concept of circuit quantum electrodynamics opens many new possibilities for studying the strong interaction of light and matter. This system can also be exploited for quantum information processing and quantum communication and may lead to new approaches for single photon generation and detection.     

Quantum gravitational contributions to quantum electrodynamics

Quantum electrodynamics describes the interactions of electrons and photons. Electric charge (the gauge coupling constant) is energy dependent, and there is a previous claim that charge is affected by gravity (described by general relativity) with the implication that the charge is reduced at high energies. However, that claim has been very controversial and the matter has not been settled. Here I report an analysis (free from the earlier controversies) demonstrating that quantum gravity corrections to quantum electrodynamics have a quadratic energy dependence that result in the electric charge vanishing at high energies, a result known as asymptotic freedom.     

关于电子质量的发散疑难

从电子结构的特点、经典电动力学的局限性以及电磁质量的特性等三个方面对电子质量发散疑难进行了分析和讨论,结果表明,导致电子质量发散是因为：把电子简单地视为无限度的几何点;经典电动力学的局限性;混淆了电子总质量与电磁质量的概念。