热稳定剂在PVC化学建材中对比研究

聚氯乙烯(PVC)自1872年面世以来,广受世人瞩目,但因其稳定性差,受热超过100℃就会脱氯化氢反应,产生的氯化氢对PVC的热降解又有催化作用,使其色泽加厚,强度下降,导致加工及应用的困难。随着PVC专用稳定剂的逐渐开发,PVC目前已成为产量最大、用途最广的塑料品种之一。本文着重研讨一下热稳定剂在PVC异型制品中的稳定机理、性能对比及其发展方向。1 稳定机理1.1中和氯化氢 如弱有机酸的碱金属或碱土金属盐类,无机盐     

PVC复合稀土热稳定体系加工与应用性能

研究不同稳定体系对聚氯乙烯(PVC)的加工流变行为、力学性能和维卡软化点的影响,通过对比,评价复合稀土稳定剂的综合性能结果表明,复合稀土稳定体系具有良好的综合加工性能,大大改善PVC材料的力学性能.扫描电镜及红外光谱分析证实,稀土热稳定剂具有偶联增韧作用;热分析结果表明,PVC-HREC(稀土稳定剂)体系在氮气中的热降解反应较为简单,为一步反应,通过外推得到其起始降解温度和终止降解温度分别为264.82,325.47 ℃.     

聚氯乙烯热稳定剂研究新进展

随着人们环保意识的逐渐加强,传统的聚氯乙烯(PVC)热稳定剂,如铅盐类稳定剂已受到了一定的使用限制,因此相应地研究和开发出了一系列新型的PVC热稳定剂,如稀土类、钙锌(Ca/Zn)复合类和有机类热稳定剂.它们几乎是无毒的或低毒的化合物.本文概述了PVC热降解机理,国内外新型热稳定剂的种类、特点及其发展趋势.     

聚氯乙烯/蒙脱土复合材料的动态热降解动力学

采用热重分析仪研究了聚氯乙烯(PVC)／蒙脱土复合材料的热降解过程，比较了钠基蒙脱土(MMT)和烷基季铵盐改性的有机蒙脱土(OMMT)对PVC热稳定性和PVC热降解过程的影响．采用Friedman法研究了PVC和PVC／MMT(OMMT)复合材料的热降解动力学，并计算得到其表观活化能Ea．结果表明，在PVC热降解第一阶段，MMT和OMMT均能提高PVC的热分解温度和减少质量损失，从而提高PVC的热稳定性；PVC和PVC／MMT(OMMT)复合材料的Ea基本相近；MMT和OMMT对PVC的热降解速度有影响，但并没有改变PVc热降解机理．     

水滑石填充PVC材料的热稳定性能及流动性能

用热辊压延法制备了水滑石填充聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂复合材料.用刚果红、热失重、Brabender扭矩流变仪等方法考察了水滑石对PVC树脂静态、动态热稳定性、流动性能的影响.结果表明,用钛酸酯改性的水滑石在PVC中效果最好;水滑石的加入可提高PVC树脂的热稳定性;随着水滑石含量的增加,PVC树脂的流动性先有所提高而后降低;水滑石在PVC树脂中最佳用量为1%～2%(质量分数).     

金属氧化物对聚氯乙烯热降解性能的影响

研究了二氧化锰(MnO2)和氧化铁(Fe2O3)对聚氯乙烯(PVC)热降解和热氧化降解过程的影响。电导率测试得出：PVC在空气和氮气环境下热降解时，都表现出自诱导脱氯化氢反应特征，而MnO2一定程度上消除了PVC热降解时自加速反应特征，Fe2O3实质性地改变了氯化氢释放规律，随时间的推移，使氯化氢释放量缓慢线性增加。热失重法与差热分析量热法显示MnO2和Fe2O3均阻止了氯化氢挥发释放过程，且加速了PVC主链断裂与挥发过程。     

PVC热稳定性的测试及机理研究

介绍用刚果红试纸测试加入稀土热稳定剂的PVC的热稳定性能，并讨论了PVC的降解机理及稀土热稳定剂的作用机理。     

硬脂酸镁协同甘油锌对聚氯乙烯的热稳定作用

以甘油、氧化锌为原材料,采用高压法合成甘油锌;以硬脂酸与氢氧化镁为原料,用一步法合成了硬脂酸镁.利用红外光谱法表征了产物硬脂酸镁的结构.将甘油锌与硬脂酸用作聚氯乙烯(PVC)热稳定剂,采用电导法和热烘箱老化法考察两者各自的热稳定性能,将不同质量比的甘油锌/硬脂酸镁作用于聚氯乙烯(PVC),找出热稳定性能发挥至最优时两者的最佳复配质量比为1∶1,两者呈良好的协同作用.     

N-正丁基马来酰胺酸镧对PVC热稳定性的研究

以正丁胺、顺丁烯二酸酐、氯化镧和氢氧化钠为原料,分步合成热稳定剂N-正丁基马来酰胺酸镧(LaX_3),采用傅里叶红外光谱表征其结构,并通过刚果红试验研究其对聚氯乙烯(PVC)热稳定性的影响,应用热重分析仪研究不同升温速率对PVC热解反应的影响,并根据Flynn-Wall-Ozawa(FWO)法进行动力学计算,得到PVC和PVC/LaX_3的热解活化能。结果表明:加入LaX_3后,PVC的热降解温度提高了32℃,热稳定时间提高了15 min,反应活化能增加了33.53 kJ/mol。LaX_3可以作为PVC的热稳定剂使用。     

PVC树脂热稳定性评价的检测分析

PVC树脂在加工和使用过程中,产生热降解释放出氯化氢,并因为多烯双键的生存和增多而使颜色加深。PVC热稳定性测试方法均是基于此原理设定的,如何提高PVC树脂的热稳定性满足用户的需求已成为众多聚氯乙烯生产企业竞相研究的课题和追求的目标,同时检测部门将此检测项目列为重点研究分析,主要有变色法、刚果红法、白度法、pH值法、电导法等,这里主要介绍静态稳定性刚果红法、老化白度法及双辊炼塑动态热稳定性。三种PVC树脂热稳定性评价的检测方法,分析了在测试过程中的检测细节。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.