前驱体碳化复合等离子熔覆涂层

以钛铁粉、铬粉、铁粉和碳的前驱体（蔗糖）等为原料,通过前驱体碳化复合技术制备了碳化复合粉,并利用等离子熔覆技术在Q235钢表面制备了Fe-Cr-C和Fe-Cr-C-Ti涂层.采用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对涂层的相组成和显微组织结构进行了分析.结果表明:Fe-Cr-C涂层由（Cr,Fe）₇C₃初生碳化物和菊花瓣状分布共晶碳化物（Cr,Fe）₇C₃与奥氏体组织组成;Fe-Cr-C-Ti涂层由原位合成的TiC相和（Cr,Fe）₇C₃共晶相与奥氏体相构成.这两种涂层与基体之间都是冶金结合.涂层中碳化物TiC的体积分数呈现梯度分布,并且涂层的熔合区和中部区域TiC颗粒形状多为等轴状颗粒,涂层的表层区域部分TiC颗粒多为树枝晶颗粒.与Fe-Cr-C涂层相比较,Fe-Cr-C-Ti涂层的抗开裂性更好.Fe-Cr-C和Fe-Cr-C-Ti两涂层的平均显微硬度约是750HV_0.2,是基体金属的3.2倍,从涂层表面到熔合区相差不大.     

Wear and corrosion resistance of laser-cladded Fe-based composite coatings on AISI 4130 steel

The wear and corrosion resistance of Fe_72.2Cr_16.8Ni_7.3Mo_1.6Mn_0.7C_0.2Si_1.2 and Fe_77.3Cr_15.8Ni_3.9Mo_1.1Mn_0.5C_0.2Si_1.2 coatings laser-cladded on AISI 4130 steel were studied. The coatings possess excellent wear and corrosion resistance despite the absence of expensive yttrium, tungsten, and cobalt and very little molybdenum. The microstructure mainly consists of dendrites and eutectic phases, such as duplex (γ+α)-Fe and the Fe–Cr (Ni) solid solution, confirmed via energy dispersive spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. The cladded Fe-based coatings have lower coefficients of friction, and narrower and shallower wear tracks than the substrate without the cladding, and the main wear mechanism is mild abrasive wear. Electrochemical test results suggest that the soft Fe_72.2Cr_16.8Ni_7.3Mo_1.6Mn_0.7C_0.2Si_1.2 coating with high Cr and Ni concentrations has high passivation resistance, low corrosion current, and positive corrosion potential, providing a better protective barrier layer to the AISI 4130 steel against corrosion.     

Fe-Ni-O体系中Fe/Ni的还原行为

取电阻炉实验和热重分析等手段,探讨了Fe-Ni-O体系中不同条件下的产物组成及Fe/Ni的还原行为.结果表明:五种样品的还原难度由低到高依次为NiO2O₃+Ni2O₃+NiO2O₄2O₃;Ni元素能够促进铁氧化物还原,其促进作用由Ni元素的初始状态决定,单质Ni>氧化物NiO>NiFe₂O₄中的Ni;NiFe₂O₄的还原过程中各产物由低温到高温依次出现的次序为Fe₃O₄、Ni、（Fe,Ni）、Fe和Fe_0.64Ni_0.36.根据实验结果,对五种氧化物体系的还原过程进行了探讨,并获得了活化能、控速环节等重要参数及相关反应机理.     

Preparation and properties of the Ni-Al/Fe-Al intermetallics composite coating produced by plasma cladding

A novel approach to produce an intermetallic composite coating was put forward. The microstructure, microhardness, and dry-sliding wear behavior of the composite coating were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) analysis, microhardness test, and ball-on-disc wear experiment. XRD results indicate that some new phases FeAl, Fe_0.23Ni_0.77Al, and Ni₃Al exit in the composite coating with the Al₂O₃ addition. SEM results show that the coating is bonded with carbon steel metallurgically and exhibits typical rapid directional solidification structures. The Cr₇C₃ carbide and intermetallic compounds co-reinforced composite coating has a high average hardness and exhibits an excellent wear resistance under dry-sliding wear test compared with the Cr₇C₃ carbide-reinforced composite coating. The formation mechanism of the intermetallic compounds was also investigated.     

均匀化处理对Fe基中熵合金组织及力学性能影响

采用水冷铜坩埚磁悬浮熔炼-铜模负压吸铸法制备了(Fe_63.3Mn₁₄Si_9.1Cr_9.8C_3.8)_98.5Y_1.5(Y=Cu、Ag)、(Fe_63.3Mn₁₄Si_9.1Cr_9.8C_3.8)₉₇Cu_1.5Ag_1.5中熵合金. 通过建立均匀化动力学方程,研究了均匀化温度和时间对力学性能的影响.对(Fe_63.3Mn₁₄Si_9.1Cr_9.8C_3.8)_98.5Y_1.5(Y=Cu、Ag)、(Fe_63.3Mn₁₄Si_9.1Cr_9.8C_3.8)₉₇Cu_1.5Ag_1.5中熵合金分别在873、973、1 073、1 173、1 273 K进行6 h均匀化处理,研究其组织结构和压缩性能的关系.结果表明:通过施加均匀化处理使合金元素均匀分布、偏析显著减少,1 173 K均匀化处理后合金具有好的相稳定性,仍为fcc结构.在1 173 K时,(Fe_63.3Mn₁₄Si_9.1Cr_9.8C_3.8)₉₇Cu_1.5Ag_1.5中熵合金的压缩力学性能最优,其抗压强度及塑性应变分别为3 992.4 MPa和35.75%,且实验结果与均匀化扩散动力学方程计算预测相符.     

激光重熔高速电弧喷涂FeNiCrAl涂层的组织与断裂韧性

采用激光技术对高速电弧喷涂FeNiCrAl涂层进行重熔处理.分析了重熔前后涂层的组织结构、物相成分、显微硬度与断裂韧性.结果表明:重熔后,喷涂层片层状堆叠结构与孔隙得到消除,组织结构变得均匀、致密,涂层与基体由机械结合变为冶金结合.喷涂层物相主要有α-Fe及金属间化合物AlFe₃,AlFe和Al_0.4Fe_0.6,重熔后,生成了新相Fe-Cr,［Fe, Ni］固溶体和碳化物NiC_○x.重熔后涂层的平均显微硬度为7.79GPa,约为基体硬度(2.5GPa)的3倍,约为喷涂层硬度(6.0GPa)的1.3倍.载荷为4.9,9.8N时,喷涂层的压痕尖头出现裂纹,涂层平均断裂韧性为1.20MPa·m^1/2,载荷为2.94~9.8N时,重熔后涂层的压痕尖头均没有观察到裂纹.     

添加元素对Mg-基非晶合金非晶形成能力和热稳定性的影响

研究Mg₆₀Ni₂₅Gd_15-xNd_x（x=0,7.5,15）和(Mg₆₀Ni₂₅Gd₁₅)_100-xM_x(M=Fe或Co)（x=0,3,5）非晶态合金快淬甩带样品的非晶形成能力(GFA)及热稳定性随成分的变化关系. 结果表明, 用Nd替代Gd可提高Mg₆₀Ni₂₅Gd_15-xNd_x（x=0,7.5,15）合金的GFA和热稳定性, Fe或Co与主元素间的正混合热降低了(Mg₆₀Ni₂₅Gd₁₅)_100-xM_x(M=Fe或Co)合金的GFA和热稳定性.      

改良类Fenton法降解亮绿染料的研究

以亮绿染料为目标污染物，在紫外灯照射下，采用H₂C₂O₄—Fe₂(SO₄)₃—H₂O₂类Fenton体系降解亮绿染料，测定其脱色率，并对试验条件进行了优化。结果表明：亮绿的最大吸收波长为632 nm, 365 nm紫外光下最佳反应时间为15 min;通过正交试验确定最优水平方案为：A₂B₂C₂D₁。即：5.0 g/L Fe₂(SO₄)₃最佳用量为1.0 mL,10.0 g/L草酸最佳用量为0.08 mL,3%(质量分数)H₂O₂最佳用量为0.06 mL,最佳pH为3.0±0.1。在此条件下，亮绿的平均脱色率可达98.68%,降解效果较好。     

PTA clad (Cr,Fe)7C3/γ-Fe in situ ceramal composite coating

A wear-resistant (Cr, Fe)₇C₃/γ-Fe in situ ceramal composite coating was fabricated on the substrate of 0.45wt%C carbon steel by a plasma-transferred arc cladding process using the Fe-Cr-C elemental powder blends. The microstructure, microhardness, and dry-sliding wear resistance of the coating were evaluated. The results indicate that the microstructure of the coating, which was composed of (Cr, Fe)₇C₃ primary phase uniformly distributed in the γ-Fe, and the (Cr, Fe)₇C₃ eutectic matrix was metallurgically bonded to the 0.45wt%C carbon steel substrate. From substrate to coating, the microstructure of the coating exhibited an evident epitaxial growth character. The coating, indehiscent and tack-free, had high hardness and appropriate gradient. It had excellent wear resistance under the dry sliding wear test condition.     

Synthesis and characterization of Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>@SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> magnetic composite nanoparticles by a one-pot process

Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ core–shell composite nanoparticles were successfully prepared by a one-pot process. Tetraethyl-orthosilicate was used as a surfactant to synthesize Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ core–shell structures from prepared Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The properties of the Fe₃O₄ and Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ composite nanoparticles were studied by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The prepared Fe₃O₄ particles were approximately 12 nm in size, and the thickness of the SiO₂ coating was approximately 4 nm. The magnetic properties were studied by vibrating sample magnetometry. The results show that the maximum saturation magnetization of the Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ powder (34.85 A·m2·kg–1) was markedly lower than that of the Fe₃O₄ powder (79.55 A·m2·kg–1), which demonstrates that Fe₃O₄ was successfully wrapped by SiO₂. The Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ composite nanoparticles have broad prospects in biomedical applications; thus, our next study will apply them in magnetic resonance imaging.     

铁基金属玻璃涂层在无铅钎料中的耐腐蚀性及机理

选用Fe基非晶合金粉末(含有Cr、Mo、Ni、P、B、Si),采用等离子喷涂方法在Q235基体上制备了金属玻璃涂层.在自行设计的腐蚀实验装置中将Q235钢、1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢和覆有Fe基金属玻璃涂层的Q235钢浸入450,℃的高温液态无铅钎料Sn-3.5,Ag-0.5,Cu中进行腐蚀,利用扫描电子显微镜微观分析了腐蚀后的微观形貌及腐蚀产物.研究结果表明:相同实验条件下,Q235钢和1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢表面均腐蚀严重,断面微观组织分为钎料层、腐蚀层和基体层.其中Q235钢的腐蚀剧烈,腐蚀层成分为FeSn2;1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢腐蚀较严重,腐蚀层成分为(Fe,Cr)Sn2.Q235基体表面的Fe基金属玻璃涂层腐蚀前后断面微观形貌变化不大,没有出现明显的腐蚀分层,表现出了非常好的耐高温无铅钎料腐蚀的能力.     

原位生成TaB_2颗粒增强镍基复合涂层的组织与耐磨性

以Ta粉、B粉和Ni60A粉为原料,利用氩弧熔覆技术在Q235钢基体表面制备原位生成TaB_2颗粒以增强Ni基复合涂层。通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计以及摩擦磨损试验机对复合涂层的显微组织、物相、显微硬度以及涂层耐磨性进行分析研究。结果表明,镍基复合涂层形成良好,没有气孔和裂纹等缺陷,涂层与基体呈现良好的冶金结合。熔覆层由原位生成的TaB_2颗粒相、Fe-Cr相及Cr_7C_3相组成。TaB_2颗粒弥散分布在基体上,氩弧熔覆涂层的平均显微硬度达到11.50 GPa,比基体Q235钢提高约4倍。在室温干滑动磨损条件下,该熔覆涂层的耐磨性比基体提高约12倍。     

碳化铬/铁基自熔合金复合涂层真空反应钎涂

以纯铁粉、硅粉、硼铁粉、铬铁粉、胶体石墨及镍粉为原料,通过真空反应钎涂在低碳钢基体上制备了碳化铬/铁基自熔合金复合涂层,涂层表面光滑、平整且与基体为冶金结合.应用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪及显微硬度计,研究了涂层的组织结构、成分分布和硬度分布.结果表明:涂层为复合结构,其组织由Fe-Ni固溶体基底和原位合成的六棱柱Cr3C2相组成.涂层与基体间存在过渡区,过渡区内元素和硬度呈梯度分布;涂层表面硬度可达85HR15N以上.     

氩弧熔敷原位自生WC复合涂层组织及耐磨性

为提高采煤机中截齿的耐磨性能,利用氩弧熔敷技术,在35CrMnSi钢表面制备WC增强Ni基复合涂层。利用OM、SEM、XRD和EDS分析复合涂层的显微组织,采用显微维氏硬度仪测试复合涂层的显微硬度,并测试涂层在室温磨损条件下的耐磨性能。结果表明：氩弧熔敷涂层组织均匀致密,熔敷涂层与基体呈冶金结合,主要由WC、W：C、T—Ni、（Fe,Cr）23,C6等物相组成;WC颗粒呈弥散分布,颗粒尺寸为1txm;熔敷涂层可以改善基体的表面硬度,最高显微硬度可达12．6GPa;熔敷涂层在室温冲击磨粒磨损实验条件下,具有优异的耐磨性,磨损机制主要是磨粒磨桶．其耐磨性较35CrMnSi基体提高近12倍。     

镍基纳米Al2O3粉末复合电刷镀镀层的耐磨性

为了进一步提高刷镀层的耐磨性 ,在 4 5 #钢基体上刷镀含有纳米 Al2 O3粉末的镍基复合镀层。通过光学金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜对镀层显微组织进行分析 ,用显微硬度计测定了镀层和基体的硬度 ,在 SRV磨损试验机上进行了磨损试验 ,用表面形貌仪测量了镀层磨损量。试验结果表明 ,加入纳米 Al2 O3粉末的复合镀层的硬度要比单纯的致密镍镀层的硬度高。随着纳米 Al2 O3粉末加入量的增加 ,复合镀层硬度逐渐提高。含纳米 Al2 O3粉末的镍基复合镀层与单纯致密镍镀层相比 ,具有更高的耐磨性 ,将有广泛的应用前景。     

High-temperature frictional wear behavior of MCrAlY-based coatings deposited by atmosphere plasma spraying

Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃/NiCoCrAlYTa coatings were prepared via atmosphere plasma spraying (APS). The microstructure and phase composition of the coatings were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser confocal scanning microscopy (LSCM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The dry frictional wear behavior of the coatings at 500℃ in static air was investigated and compared with that of 0Cr25Ni20 steel. The results show that the coatings comprise the slatted layers of oxide phases, unmelted particles, and pores. The hot abrasive resistance of the coatings is enhanced compared to that of 0Cr25Ni20, and their mass loss is approximately one-fifteenth that of 0Cr25Ni20 steel. The main wear failure mechanisms of the coatings are abrasive wear, fatigue wear, and adhesive wear.     

镍基纳米SiC复合镀层的摩擦学性能

为研究镍基纳米 Si C复合镀层的摩擦学性能 ,在A3钢板上制备了该镀层 ,利用扫描电镜对镀层显微组织进行观察 ,通过纳米显微力学探针测量镀层微区硬度 ,在 MM-2 0 0摩擦磨损试验机上对镀层进行磨损试验 ,研究阴极电流密度、温度和镀液中 Si C浓度等主要工艺参数对镀层耐磨性能的影响。结果表明 :Si C颗粒在镀层中分布均匀 ;Si C颗粒附近镀层的硬度是纯镍镀层的 3倍 ,但随着远离 Si C,复合镀层硬度明显下降 ;复合镀层的耐磨性能与普通镍镀层相比有较大幅度的提高 ,在油润滑条件下磨损体积为普通镍镀层的 1/ 8。     

Valance electron structure of carbide-diamond interface and catalytic mechanism for diamond synthesis under high-pressure and high-temperature

The metallic films surrounding a synthetic diamond formed under high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) in the presence of Fe-based and Ni-based catalysts were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was showed that the carbide was the primary carbon source for the nucleation and growth of diamond. Based on the EET (empirical electron theory in solid and molecules) theory, the valence electron structure of interface between carbide (Fe₃C, Ni₃C, (Fe, Ni)₃C) and diamond was calculated using the bonding length difference (BLD) method. The boundary criterion of Thomas-Fermi-Dirac-Cheng (TFDC): “the electron density being equal on the contacting surfaces of atoms” was applied to analyze the valence structure of carbide-diamond interface. The result based on the calculation valance electron structure is in good accordance with the experimental result. This study is very helpful to reveal the catalytic mechanism of diamond nucleation and growth and design the new catalyst for diamond synthesis.     

激光熔覆AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5合金涂层制备及其组织性能

采用激光熔覆方法制备AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5高熵合金涂层,研究了激光工艺参数对涂层成形及组织性能的影响。结果表明：激光功率为3.5 kW,扫描速度为300 mm/min,光斑直径5 mm时,单道熔覆涂层表面成形性最好。熔覆层主要为BCC结构固溶体,并且有Al80Cr13Co7和Al95Fe4Cr复杂相析出,涂层平均硬度已达到989 Hv。