带参数的渐近线性椭圆方程组解的分歧性

利用Lyapunov-Schmidt约化方法结合Rabinowitz大范围分歧理论,研究了一类带有参数的渐近线性椭圆方程组正、负解的存在性以及分歧性。首先给出了由正、负解所组成的连续统在分歧点附近的存在性,结合非线性项的合理假设,进而给出了连续统在分歧点附近沿着λ方向的分歧性态。     

Investigation on microstructural, mechanical and electrochemical properties of aluminum composites reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets

In present study, the microstructure, mechanical and electrochemical properties of aluminum–graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) composites were investigated before and after extrusion. The contents of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were varied from 0.25 to 1.0 wt.% in aluminum matrix. The composites were fabricated thorough powder metallurgy method, and the experimental results revealed that Al-0.25%GNPs composite showed better mechanical properties compared with pure Al, Al-0.50%GNPs and Al-0.1.0%GNPs composites. Before extrusion, the Al-0.25%GNPs composite showed ~13.5% improvement in ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and ~50% enhancement in failure strain over monolithic matrix. On the other hand, Al-0.50%GNPs and Al-0.1.0%GNPs composites showed the tensile strength lower than monolithic matrix. No significant change was observed in 0.2% yield strength (YS) of the composites. However, the extruded materials showed different trends. The 0.2%YS of composites increased with increase in GNPs filler weight fractions. Surprisingly, UTS of composites with 0.25 and 0.50% GNPs was lower than monolithic matrix. The failure strain of the baseline matrix was enhanced by ~46% with 0.25% graphene nanoplatelets. The superior mechanical properties (in terms of failure strain) of the Al-0.25%GNPs composite maybe attributed to 2-D structure, high surface area and curled nature of graphene. In addition, the corrosion resistance of pure Al and its composites reinforced with 0.5 and 1.0 wt% GNPs was also investigated. It was found that the corrosion rate increased considerably by the presence of GNPs.     

搅拌铸造法制备石墨烯增强铝基复合材料的组织和力学性能研究

石墨烯增强铝基复合材料满足轻量化用材的同时兼具良好的力学性能,是一种极具应用前景的复合材料。通过粉末混合、压坯和热还原,制备了含石墨烯的预制块,并将其作为中间体在搅拌铸造过程中加入,成功制备了石墨烯增强铝基复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜、拉曼光谱、X射线衍射仪等表征了复合材料的微观组织结构;通过力学性能测试,研究了石墨烯含量对复合材料力学性能的影响。表征结果表明,搅拌铸造法制备的石墨烯增强铝基复合材料中石墨烯结构完整,复合材料的晶粒得到明显细化。拉伸试验表明,石墨烯质量分数为0.4%的铝基复合材料的综合力学性能最佳,抗拉强度、屈服强度和维氏硬度分别较同条件下制备的纯铝提高了55%、47%和63%。断裂机制研究结果表明,随着石墨烯含量的增加,复合材料由韧性断裂转变为脆性断裂。     

Fabrication and characterization of GNPs and CNTs reinforced Al7075 matrix composites through the stir casting process

This study investigated the effects of adding graphene nanoplates(GNPs) and carbon nanotubes(CNTs) into the Al7075 matrix via the stir casting method on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the fabricated composites. By increasing the volume fraction of reinforcements, the fraction of porosity increased. The X-ray diffraction results showed that the addition of reinforcements into the Al7075 changed the dominant crystal orientation from(002) to(111). Field emission scanning electron microscopy images also showed the distribution of clustered reinforcements in the matrix. Between the two reinforcements, the addition of CNTs generated a lower fraction of porosities. Through the addition of 0.52 vol% GNPs into the matrix, the hardness, ultimate tensile strength and uniform elongation increased by 44%, 32%, and180%, respectively. Meanwhile, the presence of 0.71 vol% CNTs in the matrix increased the hardness, tensile strength and uniform elongation by 108%, 129%, and 260%, respectively.     

Aluminum matrix composites reinforced by molybdenum-coated carbon nanotubes

To extend the application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and explore novel aluminum matrix composites, CNTs were coated by molybdenum layers using metal organic chemical vapor deposition, and then Mo-coated CNT (Mo-CNT)/Al composites were prepared by the combination processes of powder mixing and spark plasma sintering. The influences of powder mixing and Mo-CNT content on the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the composites were investigated. The results show that magnetic stirring is better than mechanical milling for mixing the Mo-CNTs and Al powders. The electrical conductivity of the composites decreases with increasing Mo-CNT content. When the Mo-CNT content is 0.5wt%, the tensile strength and hardness of Mo-CNT/Al reach their maximum values. The tensile strength of 0.5wt% Mo-CNT/Al increases by 29.9%, while the electrical conductivity only decreases by 7.1%, relative to sintered pure Al. The phase analysis of Mo-CNT/Al composites reveals that there is no formation of Al carbide in the composites.     

纳米SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的拉伸性能

用粉末冶金法制备了纳米SiC颗粒增强纯Al基复合材料(AlMMCs),对该材料的微观结构和拉伸性能进行了研究·结果表明,纳米SiC颗粒在含量很少时即对Al有明显的强化作用,此时,纳米颗粒在基体中的分散比较均匀;当含量较高时则纳米颗粒易于团聚,团聚会使SiC颗粒对Al的强化作用降低·纳米SiC颗粒含量发生变化,SiCp/AlMMCs的断裂机制也有所改变·     

搅拌铸造法制备和表征GNPs和CNTs增强Al 7075基复合材料

This study investigated the effects of adding graphene nanoplates (GNPs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into the Al7075 matrix via the stir casting method on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the fabricated composites. By increasing the volume fraction of reinforcements, the fraction of porosity increased. The X-ray diffraction results showed that the addition of reinforcements into the Al7075 changed the dominant crystal orientation from (002) to (111). Field emission scanning electron microscopy images also showed the distribution of clustered reinforcements in the matrix. Between the two reinforcements, the addition of CNTs generated a lower fraction of porosities. Through the addition of 0.52vol% GNPs into the matrix, the hardness, ultimate tensile strength and uniform elongation increased by 44%, 32%, and 180%, respectively. Meanwhile, the presence of 0.71vol% CNTs in the matrix increased the hardness, tensile strength and uniform elongation by 108%, 129%, and 260%, respectively.     

Processing of nanostructured metallic matrix composites by a modified accumulative roll bonding method with structural and mechanical considerations

Particulate reinforced metallic matrix composites have attracted considerable attention due to their lightweight, high strength, high specific modulus, and good wear resistance. Al/B₄C composite strips were produced in this work by a modified accumulative roll bonding process where the strips were rotated 90° around the normal direction between successive passes. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses reveal the development of nanostructures in the Al matrix after seven passes. It is found that the B₄C reinforcement distribution in the matrix is improved by progression of the process. Additionally, the tensile yield strength and elongation of the processed materials are increased with the increase of passes.     

微米和亚微米SiCp增强Al基复合材料的力学性能

为探讨不同尺度SiCp对SiCp /Al复合材料力学性能的影响,对亚微米和微米SiCp增强Al基复合材料的抗拉和抗压等力学性能进行研究.结果表明:SiCp/Al复合材料具有良好的塑性,伸长率随SiCp体积分数和尺寸的增加而减小;其抗拉强度和抗压强度随SiCp体积分数的增加而增加.亚微米SiCp/Al的拉伸和压缩性能均优于微米SiCp/Al.亚微米SiCp /Al复合材料的断裂机制为SiCp/Al界面处空洞的形成及其在基体内扩展.微米SiCp/Al存在 SiCp的解理断裂及其沿基体扩展的复合过程.     

TiB2含量对原位自生TiB2/2219铝基复合材料组织与性能的影响

利用混合盐高温反应法制备了原位自生TiB2/2219铝基复合材料铸锭. 通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线等显微组织表征方法以及弹性模量、室温拉伸和室温摆锤冲击实验等测试手段,研究了TiB2含量对原位自生TiB2/2219铝基复合材料组织和性能的影响. 研究表明,当TiB2质量分数由0提高到5%时,TiB2颗粒尺寸和TiB2/2219铝基复合材料铸锭的平均晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,固溶时效态的TiB2/2219铝基复合材料板材的弹性模量和强度显著上升,但延伸率和冲击韧性下降. 当质量分数为5%时,TiB2/2219铝基复合材料板材的弹性模量、抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别达到88.7 GPa、（474.2±2） MPa、（400.6±1） MPa和（4.7±0.1）%.     

镀钨碳纳米管增强铜基复合材料的制备及性能

采用羰基热分解法对多壁碳纳米管表面进行镀钨处理,并以镀钨碳纳米管和电解铜粉为原料,进行机械球磨混粉和放电等离子体烧结,制备了镀钨碳纳米管/铜基复合材料.采用场发射扫描电镜观察了粉体和复合材料的组织形貌,并对复合材料物相进行了X射线衍射分析.探讨了镀钨碳纳米管含量和放电等离子体烧结温度对复合材料致密度、抗拉强度、延伸率和电导率的影响.结果表明,镀钨碳纳米管质量分数为1%和烧结温度为850℃时,复合材料的致密度、抗拉强度和电导率最高.与烧结纯铜相比,复合材料的抗拉强度提高了103.6%,电导率仅降低15.9%.     

Mechanical Properties of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Bioceramic Nanocomposites

IntroductionBone substitutes are needed in the repair ofsegmental defects ofbones.A number of polymer/ceramic composites have proved to be suitable forsuch application.Most of the polymers understudy are biopolymers(gelatin and collagen) orsome synthetic polymers (polylactides,polyglycolides,polylactide- co- glycolides,andpolyanhydrides) ,and the commonly used ceramicsare calcium- phos- phate- based bioceramics[15] .　In recent years,a series of polymers,polyhy-droxyalkanoates,have attracted m…     

石墨烯增强铜基复合材料强度及机理研究

为了提升金属基复合材料的力学性能,采用FSP（friction stir processing）方法制备铜/石墨烯复合材料,通过金属显微组织观察试验和力学试验对试样进行分析,探究搅拌工具转速和石墨烯添加量对复合材料微观组织特征、抗拉强度的影响规律,并对复合材料的强化机理进行研究。结果表明,石墨烯对铜基体的作用主要体现在载荷传递和阻碍铜基体中的位错运动和晶界长大方面,随着石墨烯的引入,焊核区晶粒发生了明显细化;晶粒细化的原因是搅拌工具的机械搅拌作用和晶粒再结晶过程中石墨烯对晶粒长大产生了阻碍作用;与母材相比,铜/石墨烯复合材料的抗拉强度提升了5%,最高可达277.49 MPa。因此,采用FSP方法可制备性能良好、石墨烯分布均匀的铜/石墨烯复合材料,新方法有效提升了铜合金材料的力学性能,可为复合材料的广泛应用提供理论基础和技术参考。     

Interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V/Al7050 joints fabricated using the insert molding method

Ti-6Al-4V/Al7050 joints were fabricated by a method of insert molding and corresponding interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The interfacial thickness was sensitive to holding temperature during the first stage, and a good metallurgical bonding interface with a thickness of about 90 μm can be obtained at 750℃. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and thermodynamic analyses showed that the interface mainly contained intermetallic compound TiAl₃ and Al matrix. The joints featured good mechanical properties, i.e., shear strength of 154 MPa, tensile strength of 215 MPa, and compressive strength of 283 MPa, which are superior to those of joints fabricated by other methods. Coherent boundaries between Al/TiAl₃ and TiAl₃/Ti were confirmed to contribute to outstanding interfacial mechanical properties and also explained constant fracture occurrence in the Al matrix. Follow-up studies should focus on improving mechanical properties of the Al matrix by deformation and heat treatment.     

Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelets addition on mechanical properties of pure aluminum using a semi-powder method

In recent years, graphene has attracted considerable research interest in all fields of science due to its unique properties. Its excellent mechanical properties lead it to be used in nano-composites for strength enhancement. This paper reports an Aluminum–Graphene Nanoplatelets(Al/GNPs)composite using a semi-powder method followed by hot extrusion. The effect of GNP nano-particle integration on tensile, compressive and hardness response of Al is investigated in this paper. It is demonstrated that 0.3 wt% Graphene Nanoplatelets distributed homogeneously in the matrix aluminum act as an effective reinforcing filler to prevent deformation. Compared to monolithic aluminum(in tension), Al–0.3 wt% GNPs composite exhibited higher 0.2% yield strength(+14.7%), ultimate tensile strength(+11.1%) and lower failure strain( -40.6%). Surprisingly, compared to monolithic Al(in compression), Al–0.3 wt% GNPs composite exhibited same 0.2% compressive yield strength and lower ultimate compression strength(- 7.8%),and lower failure strain(- 20.2%). The Al–0.3 wt% GNPs composite exhibited higher Vickers hardness compared to monolithic aluminum(+11.8%).Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy(EDS) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) were used to investigate the surface morphology, elemental percentage composition, and phase analysis, respectively.     

氧化石墨烯-单壁碳纳米管复合物的超电容性能研究

以氧化石墨烯(GO)作为表面活性剂分散原始的单壁碳纳米管(SWNT),采用超声、冷冻干燥的办法得到氧化石墨烯-单壁碳纳米管复合物,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和电化学测试对样品的形貌、结构、组成以及电化学性质进行表征.结果表明:氧化石墨烯-单壁碳纳米管复合物电化学性质得到了显著的提高,通过调节单壁碳管与GO的比例,发现SWNT质量为GO的10%时,得到的复合材料具有最好的超电容储能特性,在6mol·L~(-1)的KOH电解液中,0.5A·g~(-1)电流密度下其比电容可达155F·g~(-1),是相同条件下GO比电容(81.5F·g~(-1))的1.9倍,这种简单的方法获得的GO-SWNT复合材料在能量存储装置方面展现了广阔的应用前景.     

Graphene-reinforced aluminum matrix composites prepared by spark plasma sintering

Graphene-reinforced 7055 aluminum alloy composites with different contents of graphene were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The structure and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. Testing results show that the hardness, compressive strength, and yield strength of the composites are improved with the addition of 1wt% graphene. A clean, strong interface is formed between the metal matrix and graphene via metallurgical bonding on atomic scale. Harmful aluminum carbide (Al₄C₃) is not formed during SPS processing. Further addition of graphene (above 1wt%) results in the deterioration in mechanical properties of the composites. The agglomeration of graphene plates is exacerbated with increasing graphene content, which is the main reason for this deterioration.     

熔体直接反应法制备Al/TiB2复合材料铸态组织和性能

对AI-TiO2-KBF4反应体系,采用熔体直接反应法制备了AI/TiB2复合材料。研究表明：采用合适的熔剂,可降低反应所需温度;细小的TiB2颗粒均匀地分布在铝基体上,当TiO2加入量为10％时,AI／TiB2复合材料的抗拉强度较基体提高了84．5％,而伸长率为12．7％;重熔除气对复合材料组织分布影响不大,重熔除气后复合材料的抗拉强度较基体提高了98．9％,伸长率为10．8％。     

还原氧化石墨烯增强铜基复合材料的制备及性能研究

借助分子级混合法和均质机剥离共同作用,采用放电等离子体烧结技术(SPS)制备出还原氧化石墨烯/铜基复合材料。利用SEM、XRD、Roman、XPS和压缩测试对其微观组织结构及综合性能进行了研究。结果表明,适量的氧化石墨烯能够均匀分散在铜基中并显著提高复合材料的综合性能。复合材料的压缩屈服强度最高达到481 MPa,比纯铜相应值提升了约2.2倍,维氏硬度较纯铜相应值也提升了约0.7倍。     

The evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties during high-speed direct-chill casting in different Al-Mg2Si in situ composites

The effect of high-speed direct-chill (DC) casting on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg₂Si in situ composites and AA6061 alloy was investigated. The microstructural evolution of the Al-Mg₂Si composites and AA6061 alloy was examined by optical microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results revealed that an increase of the casting speed substantially refined the primary Mg₂Si particles (from 28 to 12 μm), the spacing of eutectic Mg₂Si (from 3 to 0.5 μm), and the grains of AA6061 alloy (from 102 to 22 μm). The morphology of the eutectic Mg₂Si transformed from lamellar to rod-like and fibrous with increasing casting speed. The tensile tests showed that the yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation improved at higher casting speeds because of refinement of the Mg₂Si phase and the grains in the Al-Mg₂Si composites and the AA6061 alloy. High-speed DC casting is demonstrated to be an effective method to improve the mechanical properties of Al-Mg₂Si composites and AA6061 alloy billets.