微波场中活性炭升温行为的影响因素研究

吸附法脱硫技术中的一个关键问题是活性炭的再生.微波作为一种新型的热处理技术,具有作用时间短、加热均匀和再生成本低等优点。本文从理论和实验两个层面研究了微波场中活性炭升温的主要影响因素。结果表明,活性炭的升温速率和温度最大值随微波输入功率增大而增大,随载气量增加而减小,而与活性炭质量关系不甚密切,实验结果与理论推导基本吻合。     

吸附有机气体饱和废活性炭热再生的实验效果

采用热处理方法对多次再生饱和废活性炭进行再生处理,研究确定温度800℃、保温时间60 min为吸附有机气体饱和废活性炭热再生最佳条件.此条件下,再生活性炭碘吸附值为329.69 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为83.95 mg/g,与新活性炭相比,碘吸附性能和亚甲基蓝吸附性能恢复率分别为70.03%和68.83%.通过对再生活性炭表征,探讨了热再生过程活性炭结构及性能变化.红外表征显示经热再生处理,活性炭C=C基团和C—O基团消失,表明吸附质成功实现脱附;XRD和孔隙分析则表明热再生处理能改善活性炭的石墨化程度,被吸附质覆盖、堵塞或填充的微孔会被释放还原,增加微孔数量和比例,再生后活性炭平均孔径由6.85 nm降低至2.26 nm、比表面积由520.67 m~2/g提高到1143.43 m~2/g、孔容由0.21 cm~3/g增加到0.39 cm~3/g,吸附性能得到很大改善.     

有机溶胶法制备Pt/C催化剂的影响因素

考察了有机溶胶法制备催化剂的过程中,碳载体的预处理、反应气氛、还原温度以及起始还原pH值等因素对制得的催化剂性能的影响.实验结果表明:在适当温度下对碳载体进行热处理可以显著改善活性组分的分散度和提高催化剂的性能,最佳的处理温度为300℃;在氮气气氛下制备的催化剂的性能明显优于在空气气氛下制备的催化剂;一般情况下,较低的还原温度有利于获得分散度较高的催化剂,最佳的还原温度为140 ℃左右,高于此温度制得的催化剂的性能有下降趋势;最佳的起始pH值为11左右.采用优化条件制备的Pt/C催化剂对甲醇氧化的电化学性能优于商品Pt/C催化剂.     

退火对Pb_(0.925)Ba_(0.075)Nb_2O_6-0.5wt.%TiO_2压电陶瓷结构及电学性能的影响

采用传统固相法制备了Pb0.925Ba0.075Nb2O6-0.5wt.%TiO2(PBN-T)压电陶瓷,并详细研究了退火对PBN-T陶瓷的结构、介电及压电性能的影响规律。实验中选取退火温度为500~800℃,退火时间为12~168h,退火气氛为空气中无额外Pb2+源、空气中含额外Pb2+源及氮气中含额外Pb2+源。结果表明:陶瓷的电学性能与退火参数密切相关,在600℃、氮气中含额外Pb2+源气氛下退火73h的陶瓷试样具有较佳性能,其居里温度为523℃,室温下压电常数为85pC/N,极化试样经500℃热处理后仍具有较高的压电常数82pC/N。     

Zn-O-Sn/活性炭纤维材料的制备及其催化性能

采用活性炭纤维纸,通过浸渍、氮气气氛下煅烧制备Zn-O-Sn/活性炭纤维复合催化剂,研究其在微波催化条件下对酸性品红的降解效果。结果表明,复合催化剂中活性炭为无定形状态,Zn-O-Sn颗粒均匀的分布在活性炭纤维上;当Zn与Sn的物质的量比为1∶1、煅烧温度为600℃、酸性品红质量浓度为20 mg/L、Zn-O-Sn/活性炭对应用量为2 g/L、微波功率为800 W以及微波时间为14 min时,复合催化剂对酸性品红的去除率最高,达到98.4%。     

NH3再生对蜂窝状V2O5/ACH催化剂同时脱硫脱硝性能的影响

考察了NH3再生温度及再生次数对蜂窝状活性炭ACH担载V2O5催化剂(V2O5/ACH)同时脱硫脱硝再生性能的影响,并重点分析了NH3再生提高催化剂脱硫活性的微观机理。结果表明:在NH3(φ=0.05)/Ar气氛中于330~350℃再生70 min能使V2O5/ACH催化剂再生,且脱硝活性显著提高,脱硫活性也有所增加,其中最佳再生温度为330℃;V2O5/ACH催化剂于200℃同时脱硫脱硝反应后生成的硫酸铵盐在330~350℃可完全分解,但VOSO4却难以被还原脱除。     

活性炭纤维在热处理过程中的结构变化及电化学性能

对黏胶基、沥青基和聚丙烯腈基活性炭纤维这3种典型的活性炭纤维进行不同温度的热处理,热处理温度范围700～2 800℃,通过氮气吸附法、X射线衍射、元素分析和电阻率测试等分析方法详细考察了温度对活性炭纤维的孔隙结构、微晶结构、元素组成和电导率的影响,并研究其在无机体系和有机体系下作为超级电容器电极材料时电化学性能的变化。研究结果表明:活性炭纤维在经过热处理后,比表面积随着热处理温度的升高先增大后减小,当温度高于1 200℃时,炭纤维层间距不断减小,微晶尺寸逐渐增大,石墨化度有所提高,电导率逐渐增大,电容性能在一定温度热处理后得到较大提升。     

几种烟草薄片的热性能分析

利用热重分析仪深入比较3种烟草薄片在不同升温速率和不同气氛下的热分解行为,结果表明在氮气气氛下,提高升温速率会使分解剩余物的比例增加;在相同的升温速率下,薄片在空气中的分解温度要稍低, 空气中的氧气会加速样品氧化分解.     

热处理对SnO_2薄膜光学特性的影响

用真空蒸发方法在玻璃衬底上沉积ＳｎＯ２薄膜．在氮气、氧气气氛下对薄膜进行不同温度条件的热处理．实验表明，热处理后薄膜的结构和光学性能均有了很大的改善．     

热处理SnO2薄膜光学特性的影响

用真空蒸方法在玻璃衬底上沉积ＳｎＯ２薄膜。在氮气,氧气气氛下对薄膜进行不同温度条件热处理,实验表明,热处理后薄膜的结构和光学性能均有了很大的改善。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.