无污泥外排除磷系统的磷平衡及除磷途径分析

在无剩余污泥外排的条件下,采用序批式生物膜反应器处理高浓度生活污水时磷得到了高效去除,传统聚磷菌除磷理论无法解释此现象.为此,文中通过对系统的磷平衡分析及污泥中聚合磷酸盐和结合态磷化氢含量的监测,探讨无剩余污泥外排下磷高效去除的途径.试验结果表明:反应器启动后在不外排污泥、连续曝气条件下连续运行38 d期间,出水总磷(...     

基于磷酸盐还原过程的食品发酵废水厌氧除磷工艺研究

采用具有磷酸盐还原功能的菌株,对模拟的食品发酵废水进行厌氧除磷工艺研究。通过向厌氧反应器投加前期筛选得到的磷酸盐还原菌进行污泥驯化、正交试验和单因素实验,确定食品发酵废水厌氧除磷工艺的最佳工艺条件。研究结果表明:经过12个周期的驯化,使投加菌株的污泥具有良好的生化和除磷性能,反应器出水CODCr和总磷质量浓度分别为319.60mg/L和13.58mg/L,相应去除率分别为69.43%和20.95%。厌氧除磷工艺最佳工艺条件为培养温度30℃、pH值为7、氮源为蛋白胨+NH₄Cl+NaNO₃,总磷质量浓度为17.5mg/L,总磷去除率可达37.96%,产生的PH₃的磷含量占总磷去除量的24.61%。     

磷浓度对厌氧生物除磷效果及其微生物群落结构

通过厌氧培养基试验,考察了不同起始磷浓度对厌氧生物除磷的影响,并用16S rDNA分子生物学技术PCR-DGGE方法对稳定时期的各种泥样品中微生物群落结构进行跟踪研究.试验结果表明:随着磷浓度的升高,总磷的去除量增加,当总磷含量高于50 mg·L-1时,总磷去除量不随初始磷浓度的升高而升高.稳定培养状态下微生物多样性丰富,不同起始磷浓度污泥样品相似性不高,其中初始磷浓度为20 mg·L-1和60 mg·L-1的厌氧污泥样品相似性最低为67.4％,磷浓度条件可改善微生物群落结构.     

厌氧膜反应器处理制药厂废水实验

制药厂高浓度有机废水采用自主设计的膜-厌氧反应器进行厌氧消化和膜过滤实验,观察制药废水COD去除效果和COD容积负荷,实验结果表明,膜-厌氧反应运行稳定,产气量高,出水水质较好,COD去除率最高达99.4%,COD容积负荷最高达到25 kg/m~3·d,底部污泥浓度达到30.1 g/L,采用此工艺可以取消添加絮凝剂预处理工序,降低了运行成本。     

ASBR处理生活污水的启动研究

采用厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)处理生活污水,通过接种不同体积的好氧污泥,探讨了3个反应器的启动可行性,并对接种不同污泥量反应器的启动情况进行了比较。结果表明,接种好氧污泥能够顺利启动ASBR,启动耗时45 d左右;ASBR启动时,接种污泥量以VSS浓度1.5 g/L较为适宜,当容积负荷(CODCr)在0.3～0.4(kg.m-3.d-1)时,反应器对CODCr的去除率可达55%以上;由于反应器中缺少适于生物脱氮除磷的底物及环境,反应器对TN、TP的去除效果较差。     

序批式反应器脱氮除磷工艺的实验研究

为提高污水脱氮除磷的效率,降低运行成本,对SBR脱氮除磷工艺进行了研究.采用"进水-搅拌-曝气-沉淀-排泥-闲置"的SBR运行模式,在运行工况下通过对COD、氨氮、总磷去除效果的考察来探讨污泥质量浓度、缺氧/好氧时间、p H、溶解氧与脱氮除磷和有机物去除之间的关系,并确定最佳运行条件.实验结果表明,当污泥质量浓度为3 255 mg/L,脱氮除磷效果最好,COD、总磷、氨氮的去除率分别为73.33%、98.90%、85.90%;缺氧阶段p H先快速下降后缓慢下降,聚磷菌大量释磷,在厌氧2.5 h释磷效果达到最佳;在好氧阶段,溶解氧控制在1.05~1.09 mg/L,结合实际情况确定最佳好氧时间为4.0 h.     

混合炸药废水的厌氧处理研究

对混合炸药废水的一般特性进行了分析,采用生物测试技术对废水的厌氧生化可降解性进行试验研究,同时采用上流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)进行连续厌氧生物处理研究.研究结果表明,该废水氮、磷营养物缺乏,碱度偏低,废水处理时按CODBD、氮、磷为(300~500)∶5∶1的比例添加氮、磷元素.废水厌氧生化降解率为90%,含有的难降解污染物黑索今可通过厌氧方法降解;废水经UASB处理后,出水黑索今浓度低于5.0mg/L,平均去除率为88%;COD去除率约70%,在厌氧反应器运行过程中,应注意出水挥发性脂肪酸VFA浓度的监测.     

UASB反应器处理垃圾渗滤液的启动研究

垃圾渗滤液为难处理的高浓度有机废水,上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)工艺被证明是处理该类废水的有效手段。为此,以一系列不同渗滤液浓度的模拟废水作为进水,对逐步启动UASB反应器进行了动态小试,得出了UASB工艺处理垃圾渗滤液的较快速启动方法。结果显示:接种普通厌氧污泥,逐步增加反应器负荷,经过95 d的运行,完成启动。此时进水COD质量浓度为5 250 mg/L,COD去除率为85%,容积COD负荷达8.4 kg/(m3.d),容积产气率为5.0 m3/(m3.d),反应器底部形成少量颗粒污泥。     

高温厌氧膨胀床反应器处理木薯酒精废水试验

实验考察了厌氧膨胀床反应器(EGSB)处理木薯酒精废水的启动、运行和基质产沼气转化特性.结果表明,高温EGSB反应器接种中温颗粒污泥,需20d即可完成启动,反应器故障停运54d后进行二次启动的时间仅需10d.EGSB适宜的有机负荷是10~14kg·m-3·d-1(以COD计),稳定运行期间对化学需氧量(COD)的去除率在80%~90%之间,在标准状态下的产沼气转化率(BCR)为0.315m3·kg-1.试验期间反应器内的污泥颗粒化程度良好,直径2mm以上的大颗粒污泥增长迅速.260d时污泥挥发性悬浮固体(VSS)与总固体(TSS)质量浓度之比ρVSS/ρTSS由接种时的0.51变为0.84.启动和运行期,出水pH值随着COD去除率的变化而波动,可以通过系统出水pH大小来初步判断EGSB的运行状况.     

内循环塔式好氧颗粒污泥反应器处理玉米淀粉生产废水

研究采用一种新型内循环塔式好氧颗粒污泥反应器,以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥作为接种污泥,培养出了好氧颗粒污泥,其粒径可达3.50 mm左右,污泥浓度在1.0~2.5 g/L之间,污泥沉降比保持在10%~15%之间,好氧颗粒污泥的性状稳定.采用该反应器处理玉米淀粉厂厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床反应器出水,结果表明:该反应器对玉米淀粉厌氧预处理废水具有较好的处理效果,在曝气量为0.12 L/min,进水流量为30 m L/min,进反应器污水COD为800~950 mg/L时,其COD去除率可达90%以上,而且具有较明显的脱氮效果,其硝态氮去除率可达90%以上.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.