中间相炭微球的结构对其电化学性能的影响

为了研究不同结构的炭微球对其电化学性能的影响,用聚合法以煤焦油为原料在添加和不添加炭黑的条件下制备中间相炭微球,用高倍扫描电镜观察了它们的形貌和结构,并且研究了它们作为锂离子电池炭负极材料的电化学性能.研究结果表明,在不添加炭黑的条件下得到"地球仪"型结构;对于这种结构的中间相炭微球,锂离子容易脱嵌,首次放电容量可达298.0mA·h·g-1,不可逆容量达48.5mA·h·g-1,但循环寿命短;而添加炭黑时得到层状混合结构,这种结构的中间相炭微球首次放电容量较小,为288mA·h·g-1,不可逆容量相对较大,为81.3mA·h·g-1,但衰减慢,循环寿命长.     

中间相炭-天然石墨球复合材料的制备及电化学性能

以煤焦油为原料在天然石墨球表面包覆一层中间相炭制备复合炭材料,研究中间相炭、天然石墨球和复合炭材料作为锂离子二次电池炭负极材料的电化学性能,并考察不同温度热处理得到的复合炭材料的电化学性能。研究结果表明：复合炭材料同时具有中间相炭及天然石墨球的优点;随着热处理温度的升高,复合炭材料的充放电容量有所降低,于700℃处理2 h的性能最佳,首次充电容量达378 mA.h/g,首次充放电效率为91.3%。复合炭材料在Li/C扣式电池中的循环性能得到提高,50个循环后容量保持率为96%。     

具有电容和脱嵌锂特性的锂离子电池复合负极材料性能

以中间相炭微球和活性炭为原料,采用物理混合的方法制备锂离子电池复合负极材料.用扫描电镜、X线衍射仪、恒电流充放电和循环伏安(CV)测试来表征材料的表面形貌、结构和电化学性能.研究结果表明:制备复合材料的中间相炭微球和活性炭混合均匀;复合材料首次放电和充电比容量分别为549和290 mA-h/g,当电压为0.25～3.00 V时,复合材料充电曲线斜率介于中间相炭微球和活性炭的充电曲线斜率之间,比容量为93 mA-h/g,显示复合负极材料同时具有脱嵌锂特性和双电层特性;循环30次后,复合材料的放电容量为240 mA-h/g;在充放电电流密度为4 A/g时,复合材料的电化学极化较中间相炭微球的极化显著降低,是一种具有发展前途的锂离子电池负极材料.     

中间相炭微球的粒径对其结构和性能的影响

采用X射线衍射、粒径分析、扫描电子显微镜、BET比表面积分析及电化学方法研究了粒径对中间相炭微球结构和性能的影响.研究结果表明:随着粒径的增加,中间相炭微球的堆积密度增大,比表面积减小;中间相炭微球电极的充电容量和不可逆容量减小,可逆容量与首次充放电效率增加;以中间相炭微球为负极制成063448型锂离子电池的放电容量随着中间相炭微球平均粒径的增大而增加,不可逆容量减少;以平均粒径为19.09μm的中间相炭微球为负极制成的电池放电容量为838 mA·h,首次充放电效率为87.29%,循环100次后的容量保持率为92.4%.     

硬炭微球的制备及其储锂性能研究

以二乙烯基苯(DVB)为交联剂、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为模版剂,通过自组装,制备聚苯乙烯微球。经过氧化和高温炭化转换成硬炭微球。考察了硬炭微球作为锂离子负极材料的电化学性能。结果表明硬炭微球的首次放电比容量为505 mA·h/g,40次循环后保持在304 mA·h/g。     

中间相炭微球改性聚苯胺超级电容器电极材料研究

本文以活性中间相炭微球为基底,过硫酸铵(APS)为氧化剂,通过原位化学聚合法聚合苯胺,得到聚苯胺/活性中间相炭微球复合材料(PANI/A-MCMB),采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)对其形貌和结构进行表征。以PANI/A-MCMB复合物为电极活性物质,1.0 mol/L H_2SO_4水溶液为电解液,组装对称型超级电容器,用循环伏安法(CV)、电化学交流阻抗(EIS)、恒流充放电(GCD)等测试手段测试超级电容器的电化学性能。实验结果表明,电流密度恒为0.1A/g时,PANI/A-MCMB复合材料单电极比容量为301.6F/g,1 000次循环后比容量为276.3F/g,比电容保持率为91.6%,较PANI材料(比容量为228F/g,1 000次循环后比电容保持率为39.5%)具有更好的比容量和循环稳定性。     

LiFe1-xMgxPO4锂离子电池正极材料的电化学性能

采用体相掺杂法对LiFePO4进行改性,采用Mg对LiFePO4进行掺杂,研究Mg的掺杂量对LiFePO4材料电化学性能的影响.研究结果表明,经掺杂改性后的LiFe1-xMgxPO4(x=0.01,0.05,0.10,0.15)材料的充放电容量和循环性能均有所提高,其中,样品LiFe0.85Mg0.15PO4的性能最佳,其首次放电容量为125.6 mA·h/g,循环6次后容量仍达123.0 mA·h/g;Mg部分取代LiFePO4材料中的Fe后所得材料的电子电导率提高了1×106倍,从而提高了材料的电化学性能.     

LiCoO2正极材料的合成及其电化学性能

采用回收的含有少量Co3O4的LiCoO2为原料, 加入Li2CO3调整Li与Co的物质的量比, 高温合成正极材料LiCoO2, 运用扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪对合成的LiCoO2进行微观形貌与晶相结构的研究. 研究结果表明 合成时间对晶体结构和电化学性能有较大的影响, 合成时间越长, LiCoO2的结构越完整;将LiCoO2样品组装成电池进行电化学检测, 烧结时间为12 h的样品首次充、放电比容量分别为161.16和150.67 mA·h/g, 经30次循环之后, 放电比容量仍有141.19 mA·h/g, 表现出良好的电化学性能.     

锂离子电池炭负极的结构与特性及其电化学性能

通过计算边缘碳原子及表面碳原子含量计算,研究边缘碳及表面碳原子含量对炭材料的电化学性能的作用机理。导出炭材料的结构与物理特性对炭材料的嵌锂性能的影响。通过对不同形貌、粒径、比表面积及有序程度的人造石墨、中间相炭微球及热解炭的电化学性能的研究,验证该机理的正确性。应用这一机理分析对人造石墨进行热处理改性,以及在人造石墨表面包覆无定形炭的改性作用。研究结果表明:边缘碳及表面碳原子的含量对固体-电解质中间相(SEI)膜的形成以及SEI膜的均匀、稳定性具有重要的作用,从而影响炭材料的首次不可逆容量及循环性能。     

石墨烯-四氧化三铁微球复合材料的制备及锂离子电池负极性能

采用水热合成法制备了Fe_3O_4微球,并基于静电引力自组装机制,合成了石墨烯-Fe_3O_4微球复合材料(GEFe_3O_4).Fe_3O_4微球在石墨烯表面均匀分布,且实现了石墨烯对Fe_3O_4微球的部分包覆.电化学测试结果表明,在92.6m A/g电流密度下,Fe_3O_4微球的首次放电容量为938.3 m Ah/g,经30次循环,其放电容量衰减为192.5 m Ah/g;GE-Fe_3O_4的首次放电容量为840 m Ah/g,第30次循环的放电容量达803.5 m Ah/g;电流密度升至463 m A/g,经50次循环,GE-Fe_3O_4的放电容量仍有306.6 m Ah/g.与单纯Fe_3O_4微球相比,GE-Fe_3O_4复合材料的锂离子电池负极性能获得显著改善.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to