汉江流域数字河网的构建

介绍了自动提取数字河网的常用方法和不足，阐述了利用DEM和DRLN（digltal river and lake network）的改进算法的基本思路。基于全球陆地一公里基础高程GLOBE数据。利用遥感影像获得的自然流域水系矢量数据对DEM进行重新处理，自动提取了汉江流域的数字河网，能够有效避免了原始DEM可能造成的错误。最后。利用ArcHydro工具构建了具有拓扑关系的水文网络，从而为进一步开展汉江流域分布式水文模拟和计算以及水资源优化配置等分析提供了充足的空间信息。     

SRTM无效数据填充方法在数字河网提取中的应用

为验证最新全球免费高分辨率航天飞机雷达地形测量任务(SRTM)数字高程模型(DEM)数据在水文学中的应用效果,以湖北省清江流域为例,利用SRTM数据进行了流域数字河网提取,通过与数字化地形图DEM提取的数字河网比较,指出SRTM数据中普遍存在的无数据区域是其进行水文分析的最大障碍,常用的SRTM无数据区域填充方法会使河道高程出现较大误差,导致提取的数字河网出现偏差.为解决上述问题,提出了在实际数字化河网限制下的SRTM数据无数据区域填充方法,计算结果表明,利用该方法处理后的SRTM数据更符合实际情况,提取的数字河网也与实际情况相符.     

基于Hydrology的山区1:1万DEM水系提取研究

利用重庆市万州区4幅比例尺为1∶1万,地面分辨率为5 m的DEM数据,根据地表径流模型原理,通过ArcGIS中的HydrologyTools模块进行D8算法提取流域水系,计算汇流累积量,并最终生成河网。结果表明:对1∶1万DEM进行水系提取,最小水道集水面积阈值设定为50 000个栅格较合理;对于山地地形,基于1∶1万DEM数据,利用ArcGIS Hydrology模块提取河网的方法,从提取的效率和结果的精度两方面看来都是切实可行的。     

基于DEM的浊漳河南源水系研究

详细分析了基于DEM的流域水系提取,并利用全国1:25万的DEM,对浊漳河南源流域的水系提取进行了研究。结果表明,在盆地区域添加能反映微地形变化的数据点,并将河谷中出现伪河道的干流河网数字化,能生成反映流域实际情况的模拟河网。该方法为消除提取水系时平原区域出现的伪河道提供了一种新的修正方法。     

河网自动提取技术中DEM的几种预处理算法及应用

在基于DEM自动提取流域水系的过程中，AVSWAT2000模型提供了处理凹地和平坦区的功能，但在实际应用中仍存在一些问题，如有时无法形成相互联结的完整水系，会出现不合理的水系分支等．围绕基于DEM的河网自动提取技术，对凹地和平坦区的DEM预处理方法进行了比较和评述，并将Ao Tianqi等提出的DEM预处理算法应用于实际模拟研究．结果表明，该算法能较好地改善AVSWAT2000在自动提取流域水系中所表现出来的凹地和平坦区处理方面的不足，推求的河网及流域出水口与数字河网具有较好的一致性．     

基于Arc Hydro Tools的涪江流域特征自动提取分析

以涪江流域为例,基于1∶5万和1∶25万两种比例尺数字高程模型(DEM),利用Arc Hydro Tools对DEM预处理后进行流域提取,分析通过不同方案提取的河网、流域面积等相关参数,同时针对不同分辨率河网出现差异地段的地形坡度和地形标准差进行分析.实验结果表明:提取结果的精度在总体上是符合要求的,但是在地势平坦区域人类活动干扰较大的地区,提取的结果与实际相差较大.从提取的效率和实验结果的精度两方面来看,基于Arc Hydro Tools的流域特征自动提取是切实可行的.     

基于DEM的汾河流域水系提取试验研究

以山西省汾河流域为水系提取实验研究区域,采用该区域的DEM数据,依托地表径流模型,并利用ArcGIS10.0中的水文处理工具包对河流流域进行水系特征提取,通过对水流方向的计算,对集水积累量进行分析,最终生成基于不同阈值的河网。     

基于DEM的流域河网信息提取——以江津区笋溪河流域为例

本文以Arc GIS为操作平台,通过数字高程模型(DEM)数据为基础,介绍了流域的河网信息提取过程,并以江津区笋溪河流域为例,提取了该流域及其支流上2个水文站控制断面以上流域的水系图、坡度分布图、水文特征参数和地形参数,为该流域以后的水文分析和洪水预报提供基础参考数据,并为其它流域河网信息提取和基础数据获取提供一种快捷、简便和实用的方法。利用DEM和Arc GIS提取的水文参数,可直接作为流域洪水预报模型参数,不仅使工作效率得到了提高,还保证了信息提取的准确性,对流域水文资料缺乏地区洪水计算和预报具有十分重要的实用价值。     

基于SRTM DEM的浙江八大水系特征提取与精度分析

选用SRTM DEM(90m)数据,利用Arc Hydro Tools分别实现了浙江八大水系(除运河流域)的边界提取和流域划分。通过计算流域的相关水系因子(如流域面积、流域周长、流域平均分支比等),以及与1/25万数字水系河网的比较,进行提取水系的精度分析。结果表明,流域面积是反映水系提取精度的重要指标;其他因子反映较小。同时,应用SRTM DEM数据提取水文特征具有较高的精度,显示了其在更新水文研究基础数据方面的优势。     

基于DEM的干旱区河网系统模拟尺度影响分析--以柴达木盆地流域为例

根据SHREVE与STRAHLER提出的流域结构图,进行了基于DEM的河网系统自动提取的应用研究.以柴达木盆地为例,分析1:250000与1:100000地形图数据所建立的数字高程模型.在构建TIN模型中,选择样条插值方法构建基于等高线的数字高程模型方法;水流方向矩阵计算中格网的大小对结果有很大影响,在复杂地形地区表现得更明显,比较250,100,50 m3种格网尺度数据在模拟河网系统中的不同结果,主要表现为河网系统随格网变大而更密集;比较阈值分别为800,1 200,1 600时的河网结构,表明提取河流网络的计算阈值取全流域累积矩阵的平均值时,可以得到较好的图形效果.将数字模拟的结果与人工描绘的河网结构进行对比研究,提出了基于地貌单元研究结果的改善方法.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.