气候变化对亚热带—暖温带过渡区信阳冬小麦生育期的影响

选择地处中国亚热带和暖温带生态地理分界线(秦岭—淮河)的信阳地区,利用1992-2012年信阳冬小麦从播种到各生长发育期大于0℃活动积温数据和1951-2013年气温、降水量月值数据,主要运用Morlet小波分析方法,分析信阳地区冬小麦在出苗、分蘖、返青、拔节、抽穗、乳熟六个生长发育阶段的活动积温和气温序列的多时间尺度变化规律.信阳地区近60a的增温速率达到0.18℃/10a,平均气温变暖幅度约为1.1℃,上世纪90年代中期开始增温较为显著;信阳地区近60a的降水量变化较为平稳,没有明显的增减趋势,降水变率为20%;这些特征与中国及全球同期的变化特征较为相似.信阳地区近60a冬小麦各生育阶段大于0℃活动积温时间序列和气温时间序列都存在着明显的多尺度震荡周期,存在着复杂的多重时间尺度的嵌套结构;各生育阶段积温时间序列存在着2a为周期的高频震荡和4~6a为周期的低频震荡,这些尺度的震荡周期信号强弱不等.研究对提高气候敏感区冬小麦产量、降低病虫害风险及应对旱涝等极端气象灾害有一定的现实意义.     

气温变化对诸城市冬小麦适播期的影响

本文将冬小麦播种出苗所需要的日平均气温、播种到冬前停止生长时的积温、播种到收获所需的总积温3个农业气象指标,与诸城市近10年来气温变化进行比较,找出诸城市冬小麦最佳适播期,为当地冬小麦播种提供科学依据。     

叶河平原绿洲气候变化及其对农业生产的影响

为分析叶尔羌河平原绿洲气候变化及其对农业生产的影响,利用多年实测气象数据和农业数据,结合累积距平、突变分析和线性趋势等方法分析近60多年来研究区的气候变化特征以及其对农业气候资源、化肥施用量、粮食单产以及作物生育期的影响,以期为农业种植及农业生态系统的安全提供科学指导。结果表明:(1)近60多年来研究区气温增温倾向率为0.24℃/10a,冬季增温幅度最大为0.31℃/10a;日照时数呈减小趋势,减少倾向率为33.84 h/10a。气温于1996年发生突变,日照时数未出现明显突变点。(2)近60多年来≥10℃积温由4 056℃·d增大到4 836℃·d,其持续时间亦由196 d增大到232d;负积温的绝对值不断减少,由-703℃·d减至-218℃·d。(3)近30年化肥施用量从111.37 kg/hm~2增至244.31 kg/hm~2,粮食单产由38.61×10~2kg/hm~2提高到64.38×10~2kg/hm~2,棉花生育期从185 d延长至198 d,单产从309.26 kg/hm~2提高到1 705.64kg/hm~2。(4)气候变暖提高了研究区的农业气候资源优势,使棉花播种期提前、秋霜期推迟、总生育期延长,单位面积产量提高,一定程度上有利于农业生产。     

张伟 杨淑敏 周向玲*

根据1980~2012年喀什平原地区3个气象站的逐日气象资料,采用统计分析探讨了日平均温度、气温日较差、地温日较差、地-气温差、日平均风速、日平均气压、气压日较差及日相对湿度8个气象因子对浮尘天气变化的影响。结果表明:在年、月季节三个序列上,影响喀什平原地区浮尘天气发生的主要影响因子基本上是一致的,分别是日平均风速、日相对湿度、气温日较差、地-气温差及气压日较差5个因子。各因子对浮尘出现日数的影响有显著的季节差异,在春、秋、冬三季浮尘天气的发生受气温日较差和日相对湿度的影响显著;气温日较差越大,相对湿度越大,越不易发生浮尘天气。夏季动力因子占主导地位,日平均风速为主要因子。在秋、冬两季冷高气压对浮尘天气的发生有一定促进作用。     

四川春玉米气象干旱致灾因子危险性

利用四川省1961-2014年147个地面气象站逐日观测资料与四川省春玉米观测资料,运用气象干旱对农业影响评估综合指数,建立四川省春玉米生育期气象干旱致灾因子危险性模型,研究了四川省春玉米播种-出苗期、拔节-孕穗期、抽雄开花-吐丝期、乳熟-完熟期及全生育期气象干旱致灾因子危险性空间分布特征.结果表明:春玉米需水关键期发生特、重、中、轻概率的空间分布不同;春玉米抽雄开花-吐丝期气象干旱致灾因子危险性较大,拔节-孕穗期次之,播种-出苗期较小;春玉米全生育期气象干旱致灾因子危险性盆西北至资阳北部较高,高原西南部河谷地带次之,盆地西南部、凉山州东北部较低.     

气候变化与玉米生产的响应分析——以1961-2010年开封市玉米生产为例

采用1961-2010年开封市气象资料、玉米产量资料、农作物受灾资料,分析气候变化对玉米产量的响应.结果表明:在此期间开封市玉米生长期积温与玉米产量均呈上升趋势,二者有明显的正相关关系,积温是气象因子影响玉米产量的主要因素;降水量与玉米产量呈正相上升关系,分析表明开封市玉米生长期的降水量多于玉米生长所需的水分;日照时数...     

承德市日光温室气象灾害变化规律的分析

为了分析承德市冬季日光温室气象灾害发生发展规律,利用承德市1971～2017年气象观测站逐日平均气温、最低气温、日照时数和极大风速等观测资料,分析了承德市冬季气温、日照时数、低温日数、寡照日数的变化和主要日光温室气象灾害的变化规律。结果表明:近10年来承德市冬季有变暖的趋势,2017年低温日数与最长低温持续天数分别较1971年减少了49.2%和52.9%;冬季日光温室主要灾害以低温冷害为主,近47年来发生次数逐渐减少;轻度连阴天气象灾害发生次数减少,同时中、重度连阴天气象灾害发生次数增加;低温寡照灾害以轻度灾害发生为主,近年来发生次数呈增加的趋势;大风气象灾害发生次数逐渐增多,2011～2017年年均发生轻、中度灾害分别是1971～1980年的2.0倍和3.7倍。     

气候变化对商丘冬小麦生育期的影响

利用商丘农业气象观测站1981—2013年冬小麦物候期观测资料、同期气象观测资料,采用一次线性函数分析法分析了冬小麦生育期间气象因素和生育期变化特征,并采用相关分析法分析了气候变化对生育期的影响.结果表明:1冬小麦各生育阶段及全生育期平均气温均呈上升趋势;降水量在越冬至返青期、拔节至乳熟期呈增多趋势,其他阶段呈减少趋势,全生育期呈减少趋势;日照时数在返青至乳熟期呈增多趋势,其他生育期呈减少趋势,全生育期呈减少趋势.2从起身到开花期、成熟期均存在不同程度的提前趋势,播种至返青期、乳熟期呈微弱的推迟趋势.3开花到乳熟期、抽穗到开花期间隔天数的增加趋势达到极显著水平.4影响冬小麦物候期变化最显著的气象因子是平均气温,且物候期与平均气温绝大多数时段呈负相关.5冬小麦返青到起身期对气候变化最为敏感,其次是起身到拔节期、抽穗到开花期和乳熟到成熟期.     

南宁市近5O年气候变化特征

利用南宁市城区1951～2005年的气象资料,分析了近50年来气温、降水、日照时数、风速等气象要素的变化特征,结果显示,南宁市年平均气温呈明显的上升趋势,1986年以来升温最明显,随着气候变暖,寒冻害明显减少,高温天气有增多的趋势.年降水量的长期变化趋势不明显,但年际变化较大;年降水日数有减少的趋势,≥25 mm和≥50 mm的强降水日数呈微弱的增加趋势.年日照时数、年平均风速、大风日数呈明显减少的趋势.     

南宁市近50年气候变化特征

利用南宁市城区1951～2005年的气象资料,分析了近50年来气温、降水、日照时数、风速等气象要素的变化特征,结果显示,南宁市年平均气温呈明显的上升趋势,1986年以来升温最明显,随着气候变暖,寒冻害明显减少,高温天气有增多的趋势.年降水量的长期变化趋势不明显,但年际变化较大;年降水日数有减少的趋势,≥25 mm和≥50 mm的强降水日数呈微弱的增加趋势.年日照时数、年平均风速、大风日数呈明显减少的趋势.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.