陕北生态脆弱区土地利用变化及生态效应研究——以榆阳区为例

以1990年、2000年和2009年榆阳区TM卫星影像为信息源,采用分区域的先监督分类后对解译结果进行目视修改的方法获得研究区的土地利用数据.在对研究区土地利用情况进行分析的基础上,运用生态价值估算方法对研究区各年度生态系统服务价值进行估算和分析.研究表明:研究区近20年来土地利用变化较快,所产生的生态效应总体来说是积极的,生态系统服务总价值年度总量增幅明显.林地面积变化所产生的生态服务价值变化在各时段变化中均占有主导地位,植树造林、退耕还林政策的实施和飞播造林、封禁管护措施的推行是研究区生态服务价值提高的主要原因.     

土地利用变化对罗甸县生态系统服务价值的影响研究

土地利用变化对区域生态系统维持其服务功能起决定性作用,对由土地利用变化引起的生态系统服务价值变化进行研究,可以为区域生态环境的保护和经济的发展提供科学依据,以使环境保护和经济的发展能够达到和谐的统一。现利用罗甸县1996～2006的土地利用变更数据,采用谢高地等(2007)计算生态系统服务价值的方法对贵州省罗甸县1996～2006年的生态系统服务价值进行了估算,并对因为土地利用变化引起的生态系统服务总价值和结构的变化进行了分析,得出罗甸县生态系统服务价值呈下降趋势,与经济的发展呈负相关关系,因此建议罗甸县在发展经济的同时,也要采取积极的生态保护措施,使环境改善和经济发展同时进行。     

基于土地利用变化的生态服务价值损益分析——以广西贵港市为例

生态系统服务价值的研究是目前生态学研究的热点之一.该文以贵港市1996-2005年的土地利用变更调查数据为依据,在分析研究区的土地利用变化的基础上,运用生态系统服务价值测算方法,对贵港市研究时段内各年度生态系统服务的经济价值进行核算.通过分析该市9年来生态系统服务价值的变化过程,探求其变化的特点及存在的问题,并提出了改善区域生态系统服务的功能和质量的建议.     

阿城区土地利用生态系统服务价值估计

生态系统服务功能是指生态系统形成和所维持的人类赖以生存和发展的环境条件与效用,是人类赖以生存和发展的基础。本文研究阿城区土地利用生态系统服务价值,可以为哈尔滨市城市建设规划提供科学依据。本文基于生态系统服务功能价值理论,根据阿城区土地利用变化的情况,定量估算了其土地生态系统为人类提供服务的经济价值.     

晋江市土地利用与生态系统服务价值变化探讨

根据2001-2007年晋江市土地利用变更数据,采用Costanza生态系统服务价值计算方法,参照谢高地等人制定的中国陆地生态系统单位面积生态服务价值当量表,计算出晋江市各土地利用类型单位面积生态服务价值,并且评估土地利用变化所引起的生态系统服务价值变化。研究表明,土地利用变化对一个区域的生态系统服务价值有重大影响,所以有必要加强晋江市土地利用管理,合理利用和保护土地资源。     

西藏昌都地区土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响

近年来,西藏昌都地区土地利用变化很大,研究其对生态系统服务价值的影响,可为生态环境可持续发展和土地利用结构调整提供依据。本文参考谢高地等制定的中国陆地生态系统单位面积服务价值当量,利用昌都地区三期土地利用数据,估算了1988～2004年土地利用变化引起的生态系统服务价值的变化。结果表明生态系统服务价值总量一直呈增长趋势,生态环境总体质量在提高。针对变化,为该区农业可持续发展,提出了土地结构调整目标：农业用地内部结构调整、加大未利用地开发、培肥土壤。     

土地利用变化的生态效益与经济效益比较——以海西区为例

土地利用效益一直是土地变化的研究热点．由土地利用变化引起的经济效益和生态效益消长关系尤其受到关注．生态效益可以由生态系统服务功能估算转换为可比较的市场价格,与传统GDP衡量的经济效益进行比较．文章以海峡西岸经济区为例,比较2003～2010年期间土地利用变化的生态效益与经济效益消长动向．结果表明：该区与土地利用变化相对应的经济效益增长量为生态效益损失量的1倍多,经济效益是土地用变化和生态服务价值下降的直接驱动力,优化土地利用规划是区域经济建设和生态文明建设两不误的重要保障．     

翔安区土地利用变化的生态服务价值损益分析

总结16年来翔安区土地利用类型的变化，并探讨其产生的生态服务价值损益。利用从1989年和2005年的遥感影像中获取的土地利用类型数据，估算了不同时期各类土地利用类型的生态服务价值，并分析了土地利用类型间的转化所引起的生态服务价值的变化。结果表明：翔安区生态服务价值总量变化不大，2005年比1989年下降了1557．65万元，但各类土地利用类型间的生态服务价值变动较大，特别是城市建设占用其它土地利用类型所带来的生态服务价值损失达到3603万元。这些研究可以为区域可持续发展政策的制定提供依据，并对于区域生态环境的保护，促进区域经济持续、健康的发展具有重要意义。     

沽源县生态系统服务价值变化研究

在分析1990～2006年土地利用的数量、结构和程度变化特点的基础上,参考Costanza、谢高地等人的研究成果,结合研究区的实际情况,估算出研究区各年度生态系统服务价值并分析其变化特点及其原因.然后通过敏感性分析,结果表明研究区ESV对生态服务功能价值指数是缺乏弹性的,研究结果是可信的.     

重庆市土地利用变化及其生态系统服务价值响应

土地利用变化会引起区域生态环境的一系列响应.以重庆市为研究区,参照国内外的研究成果,根据重庆市2001-2006年的土地利用情况,综合运用景观生态学理论和生态服务价值理论,从土地利用结构变化出发,以生态系统的复杂性和稳定性为前提,测算重庆市近6年来生态服务价值的变化.研究表明重庆市2001-2006年期间生态系统服务功能年度经济价值量变化呈现上升趋势,土地利用结构调整方向总体来说是基本合理的,土地利用生态效益明显.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.