成都-拉萨所需导航性能(RNP4)平行航路安全性评估研究

根据中国民航基于性能导航(PBN)实施路线图,2017年后,PBN航路将达到100%。目前,成都-拉萨RNP4平行航路正在协调实施。对成都-拉萨RNP4平行航路的安全评估进行了研究。首先运用改进的REICH模型介绍了平行航路碰撞风险的计算方法。其次,分析了侧向重叠概率的计算方法。侧向重叠概率由一般偏航和大偏航两部分组成。有别于之前的研究,采用更接近于实际运行现状的分离的双指数分布来描述大偏航密度函数。最后对成都-拉萨RNP4平行航路的碰撞风险进行了评估。评估结果满足安全目标水平的要求,也表明该方法是可行的。     

区域导航技术下的平行航路侧向重叠概率的研究

着重对区域导航平行航路的侧向重叠概率的计算进行了研究。首先,通过数据统计,分析侧向重叠概率在平行航路安全性评估中的重要性;其次,利用双指数分布和分离的双指数分布对区域导航技术下的平行航路侧向重叠概率进行了计算;最后,通过仿真比较来确定最适合区域导航下的平行航路侧向重叠概率的计算方法。结果表明,用分离的双指数分布描述大偏航密度函数所得的侧向重叠概率更接近于实际情况。     

程序管制下考虑高度层穿越的航路容量评估模型

针对RNP(required navigation performance)规范和程序管制手段下的航路容量评估方法进行研究,采用数学建模的方法,根据程序管制规则和RNP运行规范,建立了一种考虑高度层穿越(crossing flight level,CFL)的航路容量评估模型.量化航空器上升率和穿越间隔裕度之间的关系;确定了CFL的间接影响;考虑程序管制中同向和逆向穿越确定了CFL的直接影响;使得模型评估值更接近实际运行值.通过成都—拉萨B213航路的模拟测试和调研数据分析,评估其规划平行航路前后的容量值,验证了本文模型的准确性,且证实实施RNP后航路容量的提升.为成拉复线的开通提供了理论支撑,对评估我国西部地区的航路容量有一定的参考价值.     

机场实施RNP运行的探索

PBN（基于性能导航）作为中国民航大力推广应用的导航新技术,近几年,越来越多的机场启动PBN项目,实施RNP运行。本文从PBN的基本知识、PBN项目实施步骤、航图标注、运行实施风险、存在的问题和解决措施、注意事项及建议等几个方面,进行探索和总结,期望能给同行起到借鉴作用,以便降低安全风险,顺利实施RNP运行。     

基于ADS-B监视技术的飞行器纵向最小间隔研究

为解决航路飞行安全问题,提高碰撞风险检测的精确度,主要研究飞行器在平行航路飞行过程中纵向安全间隔的问题。对传统的EVENT碰撞模型进行改进,建立以椭圆柱体为碰撞模板的EVENT模型。介绍了广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B)技术的性能及应用背景,并在改进EVENT模型基础上提出基于ADS-B监视技术下各个参数的计算方法。以中航工业石家庄飞机工业有限责任公司小鹰500机型为模型算例,计算出其最小安全间隔。研究结果符合国际民航组织的飞行安全指标,可为研究基于ADS-B监视技术的风险分级提供一种有效方法。     

航路交叉点动态保护区的算法研究

繁忙的航路网产生大量的航路交叉点,不仅加重了空中交通管制员的工作负荷,也大大增加了冲突碰撞的可能性。为了减小交叉点处的碰撞风险,建立了交叉点保护区与飞行速度及航线角度的动态函数关系。首先,基于速度的正态分布概率理论,在给定安全目标等级条件下,求解相应的保护区大小;同时,对两机侧向间隔进行动态研究,求出保证两机距离达到最小安全间隔时的保护区大小,双重考虑取较大保护区范围。最后仿真验证了其可行性,算法可求出满意实时间隔,并保证航路安全。     

基于统计分布的近距平行跑道配对进近纵向碰撞风险评估

对近距平行跑道实行配对进近有助于缓解空中交通拥堵现状,增加机场终端区空域容量.为更准确地评估配对飞机的纵向碰撞风险,考虑配对进近过程,将其分为5个阶段.研究飞机进近纵向定位误差的统计分布,通过分析广播式自动相关监视数据得到拟合效果最佳的无界约翰逊分布.综合考虑前机偏航和尾流的影响,计算各阶段配对飞机的纵向间隔,建立配对进近纵向碰撞风险评估模型.为检验模型的有效性,利用MATLAB进行算例仿真.计算结果表明,配对飞机纵向碰撞风险在前机飞越其跑道入口时达到最大值7.87×10-14,该模型可以将配对进近全程的纵向碰撞风险控制在安全目标水平之内.     

雷达间隔下的侧向跑道运行碰撞风险

为有效评估侧向跑道进场的纵向雷达间隔以及离场爬升的垂直雷达间隔,首先,对侧向跑道的运行模式进行分析;其次,考虑加速度误差对位置误差的影响,构建侧向跑道水平面和垂直面的运动状态方程,并基于事件概率思想建立碰撞风险模型,得出最低安全间隔标准的计算方法;最后,以某新机场侧向跑道为例进行算例分析,得到最低安全间隔标准值,以此为侧向跑道的运行提供理论依据。     

基于概率计算的车辆碰撞风险模型研究

 为研究面向车辆防撞系统的碰撞风险模型,分析了车辆碰撞风险的概率内涵,根据运动学理论并考虑车辆运行特征,建立了基于概率计算的侧向碰撞风险模型,运用Vissim微观交通仿真等方法模拟常见的车辆运行场景,利用输出数据离线计算风险值,并对仿真结果进行评价。将追尾碰撞发生的过程分为前车减速与前车减速条件下的碰撞两起事件,运用条件概率的思想求出追尾事故发生的概率来表征跟车风险。从安全的本质出发提出了跟车风险的表述方法,建立密度函数模型。在分析前车减速条件下追尾碰撞条件时,从汽车地面力学理论的角度补充考虑了制动系统作用时间、附着系数等影响因素,使模型更接近实际状况,并且将判断的标准由停车距离扩展到了制动全过程的位移。通过与其他风险模型产生的计算结果进行比较分析,发现基于概率计算的碰撞风险模型,能够更好地反映实际交通安全状态,更适用于车辆防碰撞系统。     

山区通航桥梁船撞概率合理性研究

山区河流航道弯曲复杂并且多雾、滩多流急、船舶驾驶难度较大,加之理想桥位较为稀缺,往往在短距离内修建多座桥梁或将桥位布置在分汊河道上,极大增加了船舶碰撞桥梁的风险概率。目前业内广泛采用的美国AASHTO概率模型在计算偏航概率时,并未充分考虑山区河流建桥影响及航道特征等重要影响因素。通过分析桥梁间距、分汊等河道条件以及能见度对船撞桥风险的影响,提出了一个对偏航概率经验公式的修正计算方法。经选择山区航道上较为典型的石板坡长江大桥复线桥为代表,对修正前后的风险概率计算成果分析表明,考虑航道特征和建桥等影响后得到的风险概率评价结果较为合理。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.