大同煤田同忻矿可采煤层顶板力学性质及其对开采的影响

矿井生产过程中,顶板事故频发,对煤矿安全生产威胁巨大,有必要明确煤层顶板力学性质和稳定性。本次研究以大同煤田同忻矿为研究对象,收集钻孔地质资料,总结了各可采煤层厚度特征和空间展布特征,确定了各煤层顶板类型;采集各煤层顶、底板岩心样品,以岩石力学测试实验为手段,得出了顶、底板岩石的抗压强度、抗拉强度和抗剪强度等力学参数,明晰了煤层顶板岩石类型和稳定性,并针对此提供了相应建议。结果表明,研究区发育山2^#、山4^#、2^#、3-5^#、8^#和9^#煤层共6套可采煤层,其中太原组3-5^#和8^#煤层为主采煤层;山2^#煤层顶板多为中硬岩,稳定性相对较好,山4^#煤层顶板类型多为直接顶和老顶,伪顶区域小规模存在,多为中硬岩和硬岩,稳定性较好;2^#煤层可采区域顶板类型主要为直接顶和老顶,软岩—坚硬岩皆有分布;3-5^#煤层顶板类型区域内以直接顶为主,大面积连片分布,伪顶和老顶穿插分布,主要为软—中硬岩;8^#煤层顶板类型多为直接顶和老顶,伪顶罕见,软-中硬岩皆有存在;9^#煤层顶板类型伪顶、直接顶和老顶穿插分布,软岩—中硬岩皆有发育。研究结果对于研究区矿井安全开采有一定的参考价值。     

浅部隔离煤柱对覆岩运移的控制及其合理留设

为了揭示西部浅埋工作面沿倾向方向开采时隔离煤柱对覆岩运移的控制作用,以大柳塔煤矿为工程背景,采用相似材料模拟试验方法,分析工作面开采中隔离煤柱对覆岩垮落、移动变形的控制作用及其应力变化特征,并确定煤柱的合理留设。研究结果表明,采区倾向方向上,由于工作面间存在隔离煤柱,各工作面开采会形成彼此独立的垮落带,隔离煤柱有效地分隔了相邻工作面垮落空间的横向贯通和纵向扩展,隔开了相邻工作面上覆岩层沉降曲线;覆岩垮落高度与工作面倾向开采长度密切关系,非充分采动较充分采动时覆岩垮落高度明显降低。在煤层开采过程中,留设30 m宽的1^#~4^#煤柱处于稳定状态,但3^#、4^#煤柱安全性较低。理论计算出了2^-2煤和5^-2煤合理煤柱宽度分别为18.6 m、24.5 m,得出了避开煤柱集中应力与控制地表均匀沉降的上下煤层煤柱最佳错距为95.5 m。     

含铈Al-Cu-Mn合金的显微组织与电化学性能

通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察,硬度测试和电化学测试等方法研究了一种新型锂离子电池外壳材料含铈（Ce）Al-Cu-Mn合金的组织和性能.试验结果表明：合金中主要含有α-Al相,Al₂Cu和Al₁₂（Mn,Fe）₃Si相.铸态合金中含有大量的Al-Mn-Fe-Si或者Al-Cu-Mn-Fe-Si和Al-Cu-Si-Ce中间相;Tafel极化曲线测试结果表明,腐蚀处的形貌主要由腐蚀环和腐蚀产物组成.随着Cl^-浓度的增加,合金的耐蚀性能下降.交流阻抗谱分析表明,随着浸入溶液时间的增加,从高中频容抗弧和韦伯阻抗组成的曲线转变成单一的容抗弧,合金转变为全面腐蚀.     

椭圆背角无齿蚌对重金属元素的积累作用

 检测了滇池水饲养1a的椭圆背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana elliptica)体内重金属等元素含量,结果显示椭圆背角无齿蚌体内锌含量为7.08×10²mg/kg,铅为35.68mg/kg,铜为9.04mg/kg,铁为4.74×10³mg/kg,砷为62.09mg/kg,磷为4.44×10⁴mg/kg.与滇池水中锌0.0205μg/L,铅0.412μg/L,铜3.198μg/L相比较,表明椭圆背角无齿蚌对锌、铅、铜有很强的富集能力.     

Ni-W-Co三元合金镀层电镀工艺的研究

采用电化学沉积法在316L不锈钢基体材料上制备Ni—W—Co三元合金镀层。利用正交试验初步确定电镀液的配方。通过拉伸试验和电化学腐蚀试验分别测试镀层的结合性能和耐腐蚀性能。另外,测试了镀层的显微硬度。结果表明,镀液主要成分对镀层粗糙度影响程度大小为：硫酸镍 > 柠檬酸钠 > 光亮剂1 > 光亮剂2。镀液pH为5.0～5.5、电流密度为3 A·dm^—2时,镀层抗拉强度可达21 MPa。镀液的pH为5.0时,镀层硬度值最高。Na₂WO₄含量为30 g·L^—1时,镀层硬度高达590（HV）。CoSO₄含量为30 g·L^—1时,镀层的耐蚀性能最佳。     

高载量钴离子掺杂MnO2用于高性能锌离子混合电容器

通过恒流电沉积的方法在柔性碳布上制备了钴离子掺杂的MnO₂，其负载量达到13.8 mg/cm²。利用X射线衍射仪（X-ray diffractometer, XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope, SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, XPS）和电化学工作站等对材料的结构和性能进行表征，探究了钴离子掺杂对MnO₂电化学性能的影响。结果表明，当该电极与活性炭组装成液态锌离子混合电容器（zinc ion hybrid capacitors, Zn-HCs）时，Zn-HCs在2 mA/cm²的电流密度下，面积比电容高达5 883.0 mF/cm²，面积能量密度为3 154.9 μWh/cm²，与锌离子电池的能量水平相当。当该电极与活性炭组装成准固态柔性Zn-HCs时，Zn-HCs具有较好能量密度（在1 mW/cm²的功率密度下达1 351.1 μWh/cm² ）的同时具有优异的机械柔韧性，使Zn-HCs有望应用于新一代的柔性可穿戴设备。     

含原子团簇的Zr基大块非晶合金熔体能量模型

建立了含有原子团簇的大块非晶合金熔体能量模型, 对Zr-Al-Ni三元系合金进行计算得到了含有原子团簇的Zr-Al-Ni合金熔体自由能和界面能分布, 并分析了原子团簇对于熔体自由能、界面能以及形核率的影响. 计算结果表明, 由于存在Zr²Ni原子团簇, 使Zr-Al-Ni三元系合金在易获得非晶成分范围内的熔体自由能降低和界面能增加, 且改变界面能随合金成分的分布. 对于Zr₆₆Al₈Ni₂₆合金熔体, 原子团簇的存在导致自由能降低0.3~1 kJ/mol, 界面能增加0.016 J/m². 由于熔体的自由能和界面能的改变, 显著降低了过冷熔体的形核率, 最大形核率降低至10⁷ mol^-1•s^-1数量级.     

热喷涂制备ZnAl涂层防腐性能研究

以锌粉和铝粉为原料,采用热喷涂工艺在A3钢板上制备TJPTZA1、TJPTZA2、TJPTZA3和TJPTZA4涂层.研究了不同涂层以及纯锌、纯铝抵抗海水的腐蚀能力.采用盐雾分析法分析不同涂层的耐腐蚀程度,采用高倍显微镜观察不同腐蚀时间的薄膜表面形貌.结果表明:TJPTZA2、TJPTZA3的耐腐蚀性好于Al和Zn,认为是锌铝合金热喷涂层中的锌铝原子相互作用减缓了氯离子等物质的腐蚀.     

Fe6.5Si合金过喷粉末特性研究

以喷射成形Fe-6.5Si过喷粉末为研究对象,采用OM、XRD、VSM、TEM等手段研究了不同球磨工艺条件下所得合金粉末的组织形貌及微观结构对软磁性能的影响,据此找到较佳的球磨工艺条件.结果表明:Fe-6.5Si合金过喷粉末在366 r·min^-1下球磨24 h后,平均晶粒尺寸为25.9 nm.球磨后粉末的磁性能受残余应力和晶粒尺寸的共同影响,在366 r·min^-1下球磨18 h获得了最佳的磁性能,其饱和磁化强度为205.37 emu·g^-1,矫顽力为30.096 Oe.     

Ce-Co合金膜在乙酰胺-尿素-NaBr熔体中电化学制备的研究

 应用循环曲线法研究了在353 K的乙酰胺-尿素-NaBr熔体中Co²⁺在Pt和Cu电极上的电化学行为,获知Co²⁺电还原为金属Co是一步不可逆过程,测得α为0.28,D₀为4.65×10_-5cm²/s;而Ce³⁺不能单独还原为Ce,但可以被Co(Ⅱ)诱导而共沉积;由恒电位电解法得到非晶态的Ce-Co合金,Ce-Co合金膜中Ce的质量分数随电位、时间和浓度的变化而变化,其合金膜中Ce的质量分数的最大值可达64.65%.     

碳钢表面激光涂敷硬质合金材料的性能分析

利用大功率CO2激光器在20#钢表面涂敷WC-B4C-SiC-Co,WC-SiC-Co,用X射线衍射仅对涂敷层进行物相分析,并对涂敷层的硬度及耐磨性能进行测试.结果表明,利用大功率激光束可在碳钢表面涂敷高硬度合金,提高了金属材料表面的硬度及耐磨性能[1,2,3].     

Characteristics of strontium isotopes and their implications in the Qixing Cave of Guizhou,China

The strontium isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr) of samples including soils, bedrock, soil waters, drip waters and their corresponding speleothems in the Qixing Cave (QXC), Guizhou Province, China, were systemically measured and analyzed. The results indicate that there are significant Sr isotopic differences among samples. The mean 87Sr/86Sr ratios in drip water for the samples 1#, 4# and 9# were 0.709568, 0.709139 and 0.708761, respectively, which possibly result from different flow paths, residence times, and other hydrogeological processes in the unsaturated zone overlying QXC. Meanwhile, levels of 40.8%, 57.6% and 72.4% of Sr in drip waters for 1#, 4# and 9#, respectively, were derived from bedrock dissolution, which was calculated by the mixture model of the two end-members (soil and bedrock). There is, however, no positive correlation between the relative proportion from bedrock dissolution (δ13C value is 1.8‰) and drip water δ13CDIC values. The mean drip water δ13CDIC value in 1# is the heaviest (–4.5‰) with the lowest contribution rate of bedrock dissolution, whereas the value in 9# is the lightest (–9.3‰) with the highest contribution rate of bedrock dissolution. The proportion from host rock dissolution in 4# is higher than that in 1# and lower than that in 9#, while its mean drip water δ13CDIC value (–8.6‰) is higher than that of 9# and lower than that for 1#. This suggests that the prior calcite precipitation (PCP) processes in the unsaturated zone overlying the cave are responsible for the δ13CDIC value differences between different drip waters, and not bedrock dissolution. Furthermore, this study also demonstrates that the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of speleothems in the 1# and 4# mainly reflect the variation in the relative proportions from the soil system (soil water) and bedrock dissolution overlying the cave. It is, therefore, feasible to use the strontium isotopic signals of speleothems as an indicator for soil chemical weathering intensity, and consequently as a monsoon proxy in the study area.     

AlMnCa合金脱氧和非金属夹杂物控制技术

在1873K下,MoSi2电阻炉内用70mm×100mmMgO坩埚和AlMnCa合金开展了3炉低碳低硅钢脱氧实验.结果表明,用1#AlMnCa脱氧后,钢中溶解氧和全氧含量均较低,终点全氧质量分数为37×10-6.用AlMnCa脱氧后钢中夹杂物大部分为球形的含有CaO的复合夹杂物.用AlMnFe脱氧后,钢中主要是Al2O3或Al2O3-MnO等构成的复合夹杂物,其形状仅有少量为球形.实验终点钢中89.1%的夹杂物尺寸小于10μm,无大于50μm的夹杂物.用1#AlMnCa在25t转炉上进行了6炉TGD07钢脱氧工业试验,脱氧后钢中氧质量分数平均为23.8×10-6,最低达到8×10-6.与未用...     

MB6镁合金表面磷化工艺优化及耐腐蚀性能研究

应用Tafel极化曲线分析方法,对在不同磷化温度、不同磷化液pH和不同磷化时间条件下磷化的MB6镁合金防腐性能进行了研究.实验结果表明:磷化温度、磷化液pH和磷化时间对MB6镁合金磷化膜防腐性能有较大影响,其最佳磷化温度为50℃,最佳pH为3.0,最佳磷化时间为20 min,磷化膜可提高MB6镁合金在Hank溶液里耐腐...     

促进种子萌发的重楼内生菌的筛选

通过比较60株重楼内生细菌发酵液的水相提取液和有机相提取液对冬小麦种子萌发的影响,发现8株细菌的有机相提取物具有促萌发作用.将其中4株细菌的发酵液依次用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇进行萃取,蒸干物用甲醇溶解并稀释成不同浓度处理冬小麦种子.结果表明:肠杆菌属74#菌的石油醚相提取物、不动杆菌属108#菌的氯仿相提取物、芽孢杆菌属138#菌的氯仿相提取物和克雷白氏杆菌属149#菌的乙酸乙酯相提取物的促萌作用较强(p0.05);其中芽孢杆菌属138#菌的氯仿相提取物的1/2稀释液的促萌作用最强(p0.01).     

Cyclic oxidation behavior of b-NiAlDy alloys containing varying aluminum content at 1200 1C

b-NiAlDy cast alloys containing varying aluminum content were prepared by arcmelting. The microstructures and cyclic oxidation behavior of the alloys at 1200 1C were investigated. Grain refinement was achieved by increasing aluminum content in the alloy, which is beneficial to selective oxidation. The Ni–55Al–0.1Dy alloy showed excellent cyclic oxidation resistance due to the formation of a continuous, dense and slow-growing oxide scale. In contrast to this, severe internal oxidation as well as large void formation at the scale/alloy interface occurred in the Ni–45Al–0.1Dy alloy. The aluminum content dependence of the reactive element effects in b- NiAlDy was established that Dy doping strengthened the scale/alloy interface by pegging mechanism in high-aluminum alloys but accelerated internal oxidation in low-aluminum alloys during high-temperature exposure.     

Effect of Ce addition on hot corrosion behaviours of a cast γ′-strengthened Co–Al–W–Mo–Ta–B alloy at 800 ​°C

Hot corrosion behaviours of a novel Co–9Al-4.5W-4.5Mo–2Ta-0.02B alloy doped with 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 ?at% Ce exposed at 800 ?°C in a solution of 75%Na₂SO₄/25%NaCl were investigated. The alloys comprised a coherent γ-Co_SS/γ′-Co₃(Al, W) microstructure (0.01Ce and 0.05Ce alloys) and κ-Co₃(W, Mo) precipitates (0.1Ce and 0.2Ce alloys) at grain boundaries. Hot corrosion kinetics curves demonstrated the parabolic time dependency profile with two stages: the first parabolic stage is within the beginning ～50 ?h corrosion and follows by the second parabolic stage. With an increasing nominal Ce content the weight gain of the alloy significantly decreased from approximately 70.1 ?mg ?cm^?2 (0.01Ce) to 40.8 ?mg ?cm^?2 (0.2Ce) when exposed for 100 ?h. A two-layer corrosion scale formed, and the scale was composed of an outer layer of Co₃O₄ oxide with spinel compounds of CoAl₂O₄, CoWO₄and CoSO₄, and an inner γ/needle-like Co₃W/sulphide layer adhered to the substrate. Heavy spallation of the corrosion scale occurred in the 0.01Ce～0.1Ce alloys, however, spallation was slight in the 0.2Ce alloy. The excellent corrosion resistance of the 0.2Ce alloy could be attributed mainly to the formation of continuous Al₂O₃ lines in the corrosion scale, as well as the prolongation of the incubation period of the corrosion product spallation.     

用于45#钢丝拉拔加工的叠层陶瓷拉拔模具磨损分析

为研究45#钢丝拉拔加工过程中受力和Al₂O₃-TiC/Al₂O₃-TiC-CaF₂叠层陶瓷拉拔模具磨损情况,采用真空热压烧结方式制备Al₂O₃-TiC/Al₂O₃-TiC-CaF₂叠层陶瓷拉拔模具,并将其固定在万能拉伸试验机上进行钢丝拉拔实验。 采用三维造型软件SolidWorks建立钢丝坯料和拉拔模具的有限元模型,通过有限元模拟软件对钢丝拉拔成形过程进行仿真分析,得到45#钢丝在变形过程中的轴向应力、应变以及拉拔力的变化情况。 扫描电镜（SEM）及能量弥散X射线谱（EDS）观察拉拔模具磨损后的微观形貌。 结果表明:叠层陶瓷拉拔模具工作区的Al₂O₃-TiC-CaF₂材料层比Al₂O₃-TiC材料层磨损严重,Al₂O₃-TiC-CaF₂材料层的固体润滑膜被拖覆到Al₂O₃-TiC材料层,模具整体具有自润滑性能。 实际测量拉拔力与公式计算所得拉拔力相吻合,模拟所得拉拔力比实际测量拉拔力小。      

微装药空腔能量传递的数值模拟与试验研究

为研究微通道装药(微装药)空腔能量传递的影响因素,采用数值模拟和实验测试方法得到了空腔衰减压力.用AUTODYN软件的点火增长模型描述微装药的非理想爆轰过程,计算了不同装药尺寸、空腔厚度和约束材料的输出压力,并与锰铜压阻计的测试结果进行对比.结果表明,数值计算与试验值的偏差在10%以内,说明数值模拟方法可用于微通道空腔压力衰减研究.微装药直径越大或空腔厚度越小,压力越大,45#钢比有机玻璃约束更有利于空腔能量的传递.