生物脱毒改善蔗渣水解物木糖醇发酵性能的研究

为提高热带假丝酵母Candida troplicalis 1-18代谢产物木糖醇的产量,本研究以蔗渣半纤维素稀酸水解物作为研究材料,以生物脱毒菌株东方伊萨酵母Issatchenkia orientalis S-7细胞干重、水解物在280 nm处紫外吸收物含量、木糖醇产量作为评价指标,考察尿素、pH值、脱毒时间、预浓缩比例和细胞循环利用等5个因素对蔗渣半纤维素稀酸水解物木糖醇发酵性能的影响。结果表明,蔗渣半纤维素稀酸水解物采用Ca（OH）₂调节pH值为5,预浓缩至1/2体积,添加2 g·L^-1尿素,东方伊萨酵母S-7生物脱毒40 h,脱毒后水解物预浓缩至木糖浓度为150 g·L^-1时,热带假丝酵母1-18发酵的木糖醇产量最高,达134.5 g·L^-1,比对照组高出70 g·L^-1;循环利用细胞进行生物脱毒,脱毒时间缩短13 h;循环利用热带假丝酵母1-18对生物脱毒水解物进行产醇发酵,木糖醇产量达163.8 g·L^-1,生成速率为5.85 g·L^-1·h^-1,比第一代发酵（1.95 g·L^-1·h^-1）提高2倍。生物脱毒是改善木质纤维稀酸水解物木糖醇发酵性能的有效手段。     

重金属污染底泥固化体负载铁去除水中磷的研究

采用免烧结技术将重金属污染的底泥固化稳定化,在满足安全性的基础上,利用FeCl₃对固化体改性,研究改性固化体吸附去除水中磷的性能及机制。研究结果表明：经过免烧结固化之后,当水泥掺量质量分数为40%,养护龄期28 d,Cd,Cu与Pb稳定化率达到92.5%,91.8%,99.5%;Cd,Cu和Pb的浸出浓度分别为1.00×10^-4 ,1.18×10^-2和1.40×10^-4 g·L^-1;改性后底泥固化体的磷去除率由41.2%提升至98.7%,铁改性固化体较佳的铁含量配比为112.0 g·kg^-1（Fe/固化体）;在水体除磷应用中,当磷浓度为5.00×10^-3 g·L^-1,改性固化体投加比为10 g·L^-1、pH为6、在90 min时达到吸附平衡,吸附过程符合Freundlich模型,且与准二级动力学方程的拟合程度高。     

分子印迹电化学发光传感器检测毒死蜱

石墨相氮化碳纳米薄片（g-C₃N₄NSs）具有优良的电化学发光（ECL）性能和良好的成膜特性.以g-C₃N₄NSs作为ECL材料,利用其良好的成膜性能将其固定在玻碳电极（GCE）上,再以毒死蜱（CPF）作模板分子,甲基丙烯酸（MAA）作功能单体,通过分子自组装制备分子印迹聚合物（MIP）.将该聚合物引入g-C₃N₄NSs修饰电极,构建了一个MIP-ECL传感器.除去模板分子的传感器能够选择性识别CPF,利用CPF对g-C₃N₄NSs ECL信号的淬灭作用实现了CPF的高灵敏、高选择性检测.传感器对CPF的线性响应范围是1.0×10^-8~1.0×10^-4mol·L^-1,检出限（LOD）是5.0 nmol·L^-1,用于蔬菜中CPF残留量检测,结果令人满意.     

锰氧化物-海藻酸钠凝胶微球材料的制备及其在偶氮染料废水处理中的应用

采用水热法制备锰氧化物（MnO_x）,并与海藻酸钠（SA）相结合,成功制备了锰氧化物-海藻酸钠凝胶微球（MnO_x@MABs）材料.通过场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（FT-IR）等一系列的表征手段,对所制备的凝胶微球的形貌结构、组成成分等进行分析.然后,根据过硫酸盐高级氧化的原理,利用凝胶微球活化过硫酸盐来降解偶氮染料废水的代表污染物日落黄.研究了MnO_x@MABs材料的投加量、废水的pH值、废水温度、过一硫酸盐（PMS）的投加量和不同日落黄初始浓度对日落黄降解效果的影响.结果表明：MnO_x@MABs/PMS体系能在广泛的pH值范围内降解日落黄,当日落黄初始质量浓度为200 mg·L^-1时,在0.5 mmol·L^-1的PMS、30 g·L^-1的MnO_x@MABs以及体系反应温度为40℃条件下,60 min内对日落黄的降解率可达到100%.     

泡沫镍上原位生长CoMn2O4多级空心纳米球作为超级电容器电极材料的电化学性能研究

采用水热法结合空气气氛中的热处理过程,在泡沫镍（NF）表面生长了锰酸钴（CoMn₂O₄）多级空心纳米球,通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等测试手段对纳米球进行了表征.在三电极电化学测量系统中,0.1Co²⁺-250电极材料在5 mA·cm^-2时的面积比电容高达6 184 mF·cm^-2.以0.1Co²⁺-250为正极,商用活性炭（AC）为负极组装而成的混合超级电容器,在1.6 mW·cm^-2时的最大能量密度为0.112 mWh·cm^-2.即使在功率密度为16 mW·cm^-2时,能量密度仍达到0.064 mWh·cm^-2.在2 mA·cm^-2的电流密度下,经过10 000次充放电循环后,电容保持了初始值的93%.因其优越的电化学性能和低成本的便捷合成方法,CoMn₂O₄多级空心纳米球作为电极材料具有重要的应用前景.     

TiN-TiC复合材料的制备及其吸附性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了具有优良吸附性能的TiN-TiC复合材料。采用X射线衍射仪，热重分析仪，扫描电子显微镜，N₂吸附-脱附仪和元素分析仪对该复合材料进行表征。结果发现，TiN-TiC复合材料具有介孔结构，比表面积为144.9 m²·g^-1，平均孔径为7.44 nm。基于以上特性，研究了TiN-TiC复合材料对水中Cr（VI）的吸附能力。结果表明，在吸附温度为30℃、吸附时间为240 min、初始Cr（VI）质量浓度为100 mg·L^-1、吸附剂投加量0.34 g·L^-1的条件下，TiN-TiC复合材料对Cr（VI）的吸附量为284.45 mg·g^-1。研究了相应的准一级、准二级动力学方程，结果表明，此复合材料对Cr（VI）的吸附动力学数据与准二级动力学方程有更好的相关性。     

氮磷水平对细基江蓠氮、磷吸收及生长的影响

为了解氮（N）、磷（P）水平对细基江蓠（Gracilaria tenuistipitata）植物营养生理生态特征的影响,以亚热带大型海藻细基江蓠为原材料,研究不同N、P浓度条件下细基江蓠的生长,净化吸收N、P及其之间的相互关系。结果表明：细基江蓠的相对生长速率随着N、P浓度的增加而升高,但藻体增重幅度跟营养盐浓度不成正比,在N和P初始浓度分别为160 μmol·L^-1和10 μmol·L^-1时增幅最大,N、P水平和N/P明显影响细基江蓠的生长。在低N、P浓度条件下细基江蓠对N、P的去除率更高,P₄组（N=64 μmol·L^-1、P=4 μmol·L^-1）对PO₄^3--P去除率高达96.8%,对NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N的去除率也表现出类似特征。细基江蓠在高N/P组对P的去除率高,在低N/P组对N的去除率高,N、P胁迫对细基江蓠的营养盐去除率有明显影响。各实验组中细基江蓠对PO₄^3--P、NO₃^--N和NH₄⁺-N的吸收速率随着初始营养盐浓度的增加而升高,分别在PO₄^3--P初始浓度为25 μmol·L^-1,无机氮（NO₃^--N：NH₄⁺-N浓度比为1：1）初始浓度为200 μmol·L^-1时吸收速率最大。适应富营养环境的细基江蓠倾向于按Redfield比吸收N、P,偏离Redfield比则对细基江蓠的生长有明显的抑制效应。细基江蓠对N、P高去除率的特性使其成为富营养化水质修复的潜在优良种类。     

2011和2016年亚热带城市生态系统通量源区及CO2通量特征——以上海市奉贤大学城为例

以上海市奉贤大学城为例,基于地理信息系统、涡动相关（EC）系统和通量源区模型分析了2011和2016年上海市奉贤大学城二氧化碳（CO₂）通量特征（CO₂通量、碳浓度）、通量源区的变化特征.分析结果表明：1）2011年CO₂通量日均值和CO₂质量浓度分别为0.6 μmol·m^-2·s^-1和388 mg·L^-1,2016年两者增加到了0.9 μmol·m^-2·s^-1和406 mg·L^-1;2）2011和2016年研究区内通量源区范围都随着大气稳定度的增加而增加;3）当大气处于稳定状态时,非主风向上的通量源区范围远远大于主风向上的通量源区范围;当大气处于不稳定状态时,主风向和非主风向上的通量源区长度相差较小.     

固体酸催化混合胺的CO2解吸性能分析

碳捕获与封存技术（CCS）是针对能源危机的一种综合性解决方案,胺基溶液CO₂吸收与解吸是其关键技术步骤。试验以胺基溶液乙醇胺（MEA）为主体吸收剂,分别选取N-甲基二乙醇胺（MDEA）和4-（二乙胺）-2-丁醇（DEAB）为添加剂,然后分别选取γ-Al₂O₃和沸石分子筛（HZSM-5）为催化剂,探究不同配比条件对MEA的CO₂解吸性能的影响。试验结果表明,添加DEAB比添加MDEA所消耗的热负荷更少,最高可减少61.8%,最低可达0.15~0.20 MW·h·t^-1 CO₂。相对于γ-Al₂O₃,HZSM-5能更显著地提高反应速率,反应速率最高可达17.2×10^-3 mol·L^-1·h^-1。5 M（mol/L）MEA/1.25 M DEAB+HZSM-5的组合效果最佳,是胺基溶液CO₂解吸的优选方案。     

石墨相氮化碳表面包覆改善锂离子电池正极材料LiCoO2电化学性能的研究

通过简单的固相法和液相法,分别制备出石墨相氮化碳（g-C₃N₄）表面改性的商品化LiCoO₂复合材料,采用扫描电子显微镜观察改性后的材料,发现g-C₃N₄都均匀地包裹在LiCoO₂表面。两种g-C₃N₄-LiCoO₂复合材料被用作锂离子电池的正极材料,电化学测试结果显示,固相法制得的g-C₃N₄-LiCoO₂复合材料在0.2 C的倍率下充放电测试,首次比容量达167 mA·h·g^-1,循环80次后,比容量仍达132 mA·h·g^-1,高于未经g-C₃N₄包裹的纯LiCoO₂（98 mA·h·g^-1）;液相法制得的Y-C₃N₄-LiCoO₂复合材料循环稳定性明显优于同类材料,循环80次后容量保持率均在95%以上。试验证实,g-C₃N₄表面改性的策略具有一定的实用价值,改性后,材料优异的电化学性能归因于g-C₃N₄的包裹处理,这不仅增强了固体电解质界面（SEI）的稳定性,也抑制了锂离子嵌入/脱出电极材料时引起LiCoO₂体积的变化。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to