控制棒掉落时对熔盐堆的瞬态分析

新概念熔盐堆在固有安全性、经济性等方面具有其它反应堆无法比拟的优点。但是,熔盐堆的开发利用也面临不少问题。本文主要研究控制棒掉落瞬时,熔盐堆堆芯内温度、中子通量及缓发中子先驱核的分布情况,进而可以为熔盐堆的安全性分析提供一定程度的参考。本文采用Comsol Multiphysics来研究熔盐堆堆芯区域,通过求解偏微分方程组来获得所需物理量的分布,其中扩散方程中忽略了熔盐流动对中子通量分布的影响。可以得到结论为燃料盐的流动对中子通量的影响较小,但是对于缓发中子先驱核的影响较为显著。     

基于通量展开节块法的六角形时-空动力学方程数值解

提出了一种基于节块内瞬态中子通量展开的六角形几何时一空动力学方程数值解法．在该方法中，各群中子通量分布用解析基函数和二阶正交多项式近似展开，而包含各组缓发中子先驱核浓度的固定源项则利用多项式进行近似．将面平均偏流及其一次矩作为节块之间的耦合条件，不但明显改善了节块耦合关系，而且使得响应矩阵技术比较容易地应用于迭代求解过程．对二维、三维基缝问题计算表明，该方法能高教、准确地给出各时间寿内的堆芯总功率和节块功率分布。     

基于SIMULATE3程序对压水堆钍-钚燃料反馈性能及钚焚烧效率研究

采用类似于大亚湾900 MW压水堆的堆芯模型,使用燃料组件计算程序 CASMO4E和反应堆稳态分析程序SIMULATE3分别对铀燃料组件、铀钚燃料组件或钍钚燃料组件组成的堆芯的中子学特性进行了研究,分析了组件的燃耗深度、堆芯的平均燃耗、燃料温度系数与燃耗的关系。结果表明,钍钚燃料组件和铀燃料组件组成的堆芯中子特性相似,同时钍钚燃料用于焚烧武器级钚时,具有更高的焚烧效率。     

基于微机仿真压水堆核电站堆芯物理数学模型的建立

阐述了压水堆核电站堆芯的模型化,提出了适用于微机仿真的核电站堆芯的 物理数学模型。文章将核电站堆芯分为四大块分别建立模型(临界堆中子动力学模 块、中毒效应堆中子动力学模块、温度效应堆中子动力学模块和燃料模块),应用该模型建立传递函数,为微机仿真奠定基础。     

医院中子照射器堆芯中子学参数计算方法

 建立了利用WIMS+CITATION计算医院中子照射器I型堆(IHNI-I)堆芯中子学参数的模型。栅元群常数计算采用WIMS束棒几何模型,控制棒、顶铍反射层、底铍反射层、侧铍反射层以及堆芯每一环燃料元件作为不同栅元类型;全堆芯计算采用CITATION程序R-z几何模型。计算了堆芯的功率分布、顶铍反应性价值、控制棒价值、温度系数、堆芯燃耗等中子学参数,计算结果与文献数据一致。本文所建立的计算模型可用于IHNI-I堆芯的物理计算。     

高温气冷堆温度反馈的集总参数法模拟

该文研究了模块式高温气冷堆的堆芯热工反馈模型。在三维圆柱几何堆芯中子时空动力学改进准静态方法的基础上,应用集总参数法建立了模块式高温气冷堆堆芯温度反馈的热工模型。将全堆划分为燃料颗粒、等效慢化剂和反射层3个区域,通过热工反馈求解反应性变化。在反应性扰动和冷却剂丧失情况下,模拟了反应性、堆内各区温度、各能群中子平均注量率以及相对功率等物理量随时间的变化。模拟结果与理论分析一致,初步实现了高温气冷堆的物理热工耦合。     

200 MW核供热堆非线性模型的动态分析

为了对已建立的２００ＭＷ核供热堆的非线性模型寻求简化的依据，对该模型进行了动态分析。讨论了在反应性扰动和二回路流量扰动下，堆功率和上气室水温的动态过程。通过比较模型的动态特性曲线，得出结论：一组缓发中子模型满足控制模型所要求的精度；在整个自动功率运行范围内，不能忽略自然循环流量变化对堆芯内燃料与冷却剂之间的传热系数的影响，但可忽略它对主换热器一次侧换热系数的影响、主换热器管内水的热惯性以及堆内各出入口处的容积作用，并可把烟囱和下降管分别用一阶惯性环节近似，对二回路流量扰动下的动态特性影响较明显，而对反应性扰动下的动态特性影响不大。     

双区球床堆芯球流运动二维比例模型唯象实验

为研究燃料元件和慢化球呈双区分布的球床高温气冷堆球流运动规律,建立了实际堆芯的二维比例实验模型。从唯象角度实验研究了双区分布形成过程、中心区/模糊区大小与形状、滞留区等与堆芯物理和结构设计相关问题。结果表明:球流运动具有随机特性,但宏观上具有确定性,本实验条件下可以形成稳定的双区分布;加装导向挡板对双区的形成及其形状、大小没有影响,但对双区交界处的交混有改善作用;本实验条件下存在滞留区,可通过改变本体底部设计加以消除。     

双区球床堆芯球流运动二维比例模型唯象实验

为研究燃料元件和慢化球呈双区分布的球床高温气冷堆球流运动规律,建立了实际堆芯的二维比例实验模型。从唯象角度实验研究了双区分布形成过程、中心区/模糊区大小与形状、滞留区等与堆芯物理和结构设计相关问题。结果表明:球流运动具有随机特性,但宏观上具有确定性,本实验条件下可以形成稳定的双区分布;加装导向挡板对双区的形成及其形状、大小没有影响,但对双区交界处的交混有改善作用;本实验条件下存在滞留区,可通过改变本体底部设计加以消除。     

基于FLUENT 的UDS和UDF功能的中子扩散耦合计算研究与快堆应用分析

随着计算机性能的不断提高,用CFD与中子学相结合的方法分析复杂的流动与传热现象引起了人们的广泛关注. 本文基于FLUENT的UDF(User Defined function)和UDS(User Defined Scalar)功能对中子扩散方程进行定义,利用FLUENT内基于有限容积法的求解器对中子扩散方程进行迭代求解,同时耦合质量,动量,能量方程的迭代求解,在每次迭代计算时,将中子扩散方程迭代计算得到的功率分布（中子通量分布）传递给热工水力计算作为热源项,同时将热工水力计算得到的温度分布传递给中子扩散计算,修正材料的宏观反应截面,实现中子扩散和热工水力在同一求解器和同一套网格下的耦合计算. 通过对5×5压水堆组件模型进行建模和计算,将计算结果与其他程序计算结果进行对比,验证该耦合计算方法的可行性和数据传递的正确性. 然后将该耦合方法应用到模块化铅冷快堆(M2LFR-1000)热组件计算中,证明热工水力学参数(燃料最高温度,包壳外表面最高温度)在设计限值范围内.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.