基于二维高密度电阻率勘探数据的三维反演及应用

针对目前高密度电阻率法所采用的数据处理方法主要是把地质结构体视为二度体进行二维处理,从而二维数据资料处理结果只是一种近似解释,其计算精度与反演效果达不到精确反演的要求,设计一种典型的地质体模型,利用有限单元法进行正演计算,对含有高斯随机误差的各测线二维正演数据分别进行高密度电阻率法二维、三维反演,对比二维和三维的反演结果.最后在广东某场地采用高密度电阻率法对岩层划分,利用二维勘探的数据进行二、三维反演.研究结果表明:三维反演受高斯随机误差的影响更小,反演结果与实际地质模型更接近;三维反演在岩层划分中更能凸显岩层分界面区域,岩层的空间分布及岩层、覆盖层的整体连续性能更真实地体现,与钻探结果吻合程度更好.     

基于二次场算法的时间域激电2.5D有限元正演

二次场算法是提高时域激电正演计算精度的有效方法之一,能很好处理场源奇异问题。研究工作首先通过引入Cole-Cole模型,推导了在此模型下复电阻率二次场满足的边值问题;并利用有限单元法进行数值计算。然后通过Guptasarma滤波算法,实现了频率域激电到时域激电的转换,改变了传统求解时域激电的方法。为了提高计算效率,首先对边界采取近似处理。经处理的刚度矩阵只与供电频率及波数有关,而与供电点位置无关。其次设计了基于图论理论的矩阵重排与填入元分析算法,实现了矩阵的LDLT分解,从而实现了基于二次场算法的时间域2.5维激电正演的快速算法。利用快速算法,计算并分析了视电阻率、视极化率异常特征;其次通过计算频散率异常特征,验证了极化率与频散率对异常体响应具有相似性。     

基于重力异常迭代延拓的南海海底地形反演

通过迭代延拓法对重力异常进行向下延拓,并对导纳法反演的中国南海海底地形进行精度评估。首先,利用HY-2A高度计数据通过最小二乘配置法计算得到重力异常,使用迭代延拓法将重力异常延伸至延拓面;然后,利用重力异常与海底地形的相干性,确定海深反演波段为20～115 km。基于CRUST 1.0全球地壳模型,得到均衡补偿模型参数,海深反演结果表明,均衡补偿导纳海深模型比未补偿导纳海深模型的精度提高约9 m,并且两个反演水深模型略优于ETOPO1水深模型和DTU10水深模型,利用迭代延拓法提升重力异常计算海底地形的精度;最后,给出影响海底地形反演精度的主要因素。     

基于有限单元法的三维地电断面电阻率反演

在三维电阻率的有限单元正演模拟中,简化边界条件以减少计算时间,推导了用异常电位法计算偏导数矩阵的方法,克服了总电位法中的电源点附近节点电位模拟误差的影响,使偏导数计算精度大幅度提高;在最小二乘反演中,加入体积因子以解决多解性问题,并提高了反演精度;通过对典型模型的试算,反演结果与真实模型较吻合.     

基于滤波算法的隧道全时域激发极化超前探测正演方法

为进一步提高隧道全时域激发极化多参数超前探测的效果,采用滤波算法进行计算时间域等效电阻率,采用有限单元法进行计算,提出一种基于滤波算法的隧道全时域激发极化超前探测正演方法。该方法针对时间域Cole-Cole表达式计算收敛性差的问题,引入滤波算法进行时间域激发极化等效电阻率的计算,提高算法的收敛性;针对正演过程中大型矩阵求解影响计算效率的问题,引入OpenMP并行算法,实现隧道全时域激发极化超前探测正演的加速运算。最后,开展数值算例和物理模型试验。研究结果表明：该正演方法对异常体有敏感响应,且在加快正演速度具有显著优势。通过基于滤波算法的隧道全时域激发极化超前探测获得的观测数据与实际探测数据较为相符,这为基于全时域激发极化隧道超前探测提供了一种可行的正演算法。     

2.5维直流电法正演中Fourier逆变换离散波数的最优化选取

从优化模型和计算方法2方面改进点源2.5维直流电法正演中Fourier逆变换离散波数的最优化选取方法.首先利用均匀半空间点源电位的精确解,基于最小二乘法给出计算离散波数的改进非线性最优化问题;然后,利用差分进化(DE)算法进行求解;最后,研究参与计算的电极距数对模拟精度的影响.对具有解析解的典型地电模型,通过与已有文献计算结果进行比较,验证方法的可行性.研究结果表明:增加参与计算的电极距数可有效提高视电阻率曲线近源处的计算精度,并能保证较大电性差异情形下的计算精度;与现有离散波数相比,本文方法得到的波数具有更高的精度和更大的适用范围.     

两种不同深度的海底地形反演精度对比研究

不同深度海域的海底地形反演精度不尽相同,而反演精度的高低决定了反演方法的适用范围.首先在远海选取深浅不同的海域作为研究对象,对两区域的测高重力数据与船测水深数据进行线性回归分析和Pearson相关性分析,然后计算两区域的重力异常和海深数据的相关系数,最后采用重力地质法对两区域海底地形反演,并评估精度.结果表明:在距离海岸和岛屿较远的海域,浅海和深海区的重力异常与海底地形近似线性相关且相关性相同,两区域海底地形反演精度相近.这说明在距离海岸和岛屿较远的海域,基于重力地质法的海底地形反演精度受海水深度的变化影响较小.     

基于格点型有限体积法的直流电测深2.5维正演模拟

采用格点型有限体积法,建立直流电测深2.5维正演模拟算法。首先,从点电源电位所满足的边值问题出发,导出格点型有限体积法控制方程的离散表达式,对边界条件近似处理后求解线性方程组即得离散电位数值解。其次,通过模拟计算均匀半空间模型和一维层状介质模型,与解析法计算结果对比,验证格点型有限体积正演算法的正确性和稳定性。分别采用本文建立的直流电测深2.5维正演模拟算法、Res2dmod开源软件构建的有限差分算法对典型二维地电模型进行正演模拟,得到2种算法的视电阻率拟断面图。研究结果表明：直流电测深2.5维正演模拟算法在一维求解域内的计算结果与解析解之间的相对误差小于2%,满足数值计算精度要求;该算法能定性判断异常体电阻率与围岩电阻率相对大小和异常体的空间展布,与经过验证的成熟软件Res2dmod相比较,电阻率数值解的绝对误差不超过3.4Ω·m,证明该算法能正确分析直流电测深2.5维异常响应规律,可为实测数据的定性解释提供指导。     

重力异常稳健迭代密度界面反演研究

重力异常界面反演是重力勘探中的一个重要研究课题,它是一个求解第一类Fredholm非线性积分方程问题,目前情况下直接求解比较困难,只能采用拟合法或逐步线性化办法实现反演计算.在计算过程中,由于反演的不适定性,往往不能很好地获得反演解.我们从二度体重力异常正演公式出发,导出地下界面迭代反演的计算公式;然后利用广义似然函数对模型参数进行优化选择,从而获得模型参数修正量迭代计算方法,实现二度体单一密度界面的稳健迭代(最小二乘加权迭代)反演.模型计算表明方法可以很好地反演出地下界面.     

基于卷积神经网络的重力异常反演

重力异常反演是地球勘探中常用的方法,它是通过地表观测重力异常推断地下介质的密度分布。针对传统反演方法存在的多解性、初始模型依赖和计算时间较长等问题,本文提出一种基于卷积神经网络(CNN)的重力异常反演方法,该方法首先通过大量正演计算获得训练数据集;然后采用该数据集训练CNN网络,使其建立从地表观测重力异常到地下密度模型之间的映射关系;最后将重力异常数据输入到训练好的卷积神经网络,得到对应的地下密度模型。实验结果表明,该方法能快速、准确的反演出地下重力异常体的密度、位置和形状,具有较强的泛化能力,能有效解决重力异常反演问题。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.