反硝化型厌氧甲烷氧化耦合厌氧氨氧化脱氮工艺研究进展

反硝化型厌氧甲烷氧化(Denitrifying Anaerobic Methane Oxidation, DAMO)耦合厌氧氨氧化(Anaerobic ammonium oxidation, Anammox)脱氮工艺在实现能源废水处理方面具有很大的潜力。DAMO-Anammox脱氮工艺能同时将甲烷、氨氮和硝酸盐转化为无害的N₂和CO₂,在无需额外能量消耗下实现废水中的碳氮循环，有望成为未来环境友好型废水处理的主要技术。本文讨论了DAMO-Anammox微生物的协同和竞争机制，不同电子受体的类型对脱氮过程中微生物胞外电子传递机制及脱氮除甲烷效率的影响，指出了目前DAMO-Anammox脱氮工艺存在的功能微生物富集困难、气液传质效率差和脱氮性能不足等应用瓶颈，总结了如新型反应器构型的设计、人工电子中介体投入和电化学强化等相对应的改进策略，为该工艺的进一步研究和规模化应用提供参考。     

黄贮玉米秸秆厌氧发酵产沼气试验研究

为探索生物预处理对秸秆发酵产沼气的影响,以玉米秸秆为原料,分别添加0. 5‰微生物菌剂、1‰微生物菌剂、5%木薯酒糟和10%木薯酒糟进行黄贮;研究在高温(50℃)半连续发酵条件下,黄贮秸秆厌氧发酵产沼气特征。结果表明在发酵系统总固体(TS) 8%条件下,黄贮过程中添加微生物菌剂或木薯酒糟均能显著地提高产气率;添加10%木薯酒糟的产气率高于添加1%的微生物菌剂,且甲烷含量达到最高。在秸秆沼气生产中,可通过微生物菌剂或木薯酒糟的添加改善秸秆预处理效果,提高生产效益。     

体外产气法研究植物精油对水牛瘤胃发酵和甲烷生成的影响

为探讨植物精油对水牛瘤胃体外发酵的影响,本研究采用体外产气法初步研究了不同植物油对水牛瘤胃发酵过程中甲烷和二氧化碳生成及微生物蛋白和pH的影响。与对照组相比结果表明:1)在相同添加浓度下,桂皮油在发酵过程中基本抑制了甲烷生成(P0.05),也显著降低了二氧化碳产量(P0.05),微生物蛋白含量减少了15%;2)薄荷油在发酵12 h、24 h均显著抑制甲烷生成(P0.05),对二氧化碳产量稍有降低,但差异不显著;在发酵36 h,抑制甲烷效果不明显,二氧化碳反而显著降低(P0.05)。微生物蛋白含量则减少了12.8%;3)生姜油和丁香油的抑制甲烷效果不明显,只在发酵12 h,有部分降甲烷效果,之后反而促进了甲烷生成;4)5种精油中,只有辣椒油处理组发酵液pH显著降低,其它对pH值影响不大,但辣椒油无抑制甲烷效果。     

地方成果

固定化微生物曝气生物滤池废水处理技术固定化微生物曝气生物滤池(IBAF技术)新型废水处理技术经过对化工污水、炼化污水、焦化污水及生化污水等高难度生产污水的处理研究,处理出水皆可达到国家一级排放标准。与传统生化处理技术相比,IBAF技术具有处理容积负荷高、水力停留时间短、处理效率高、耐冲击性能强、运行稳定、占地面积小、管理方便等优点,并可使运行成本降低约30％,对工业污水和城市污水,尤其是高难度有机污水的处理与传统生物法污水处理技术相比具有不可替代的技术优势。     

微生物在废水处理技术中的应用现状

微生物技术是一种有效的废水生物处理技术,微生物在废水处理中的应用包括：高效厌氧技术在印染废水处理中的应用、生物制剂在废水处理中的应用、膜生物反应器在废水处理中的应用、陶瓷膜超滤术在含油废水处理中的应用等。     

微生物在废水处理技术中的应用现状

微生物技术是一种有效的废水生物处理技术,微生物在废水处理中的应用包括:高效厌氧技术在印染废水处理中的应用、生物制剂在废水处理中的应用、膜生物反应器在废水处理中的应用、陶瓷膜超滤术在含油废水处理中的应用等。     

微生物燃料电池在污水处理方面的应用研究进展

近年来微生物燃料电池技术在国外接连取得突破性研究成果, 并迅速成为新概念废水处理的热点.介绍了微生物燃料电池技术的原理和特点, 系统综述了该项技术的研究进展, 重点总结了在微生物、介体与电极材料研究等方面的最新研究进展, 分析了存在的问题, 在此基础上指出微生物燃料电池技术研究的重点突破方向.     

几种植物提取物对瘤胃体外培养物甲烷生成的影响

采用体外瘤胃培养技术,研究凤仙花、青蒿等植物提取物的降甲烷效果.比较培养瓶中甲烷浓度,4种植物提取物与对照比较均可以显著降低甲烷生成,培养30 h时,青蒿、蒲公英、麻黄和凤仙花处理的甲烷含量分别比对照降低24.0%、30.9%、41.7%和46.21%.凤仙花效果最明显,与莫能菌素效果接近.比较凤仙花提取物不同添加量对...     

包埋固定化微生物在废水处理中的应用

随着固定化技术处理废水的不断发展,包埋固定化微生物在环境治理领域中显示了独特的优势和巨大的潜力;主要介绍了包埋固定化微生物技术的特点,探讨了包埋固定化技术在废水处理中的研究,综述了包埋固定化微生物技术的现状及其不足,并对其发展前景进行了展望.     

碳硫比及碳源种类调控重力排水管道内甲烷及硫化氢排放特征

为了探究C/S及碳源种类对重力排水官网中释放的甲烷和H2S的影响,本研究构建模拟重力排水管网,通过更改进水C/S和碳源种类分析了甲烷,H2S释放的释放特征及管网生物膜微生物的群落结构。结果表明C/S由4增加至8时,甲烷和H2S的释放量由15.9 g和0.9 g下降至7.4g和0.3g,然而进一步升高C/S至16时,甲烷和H2S的释放量显著提高。微生物种群分析揭示C/S提高促进了Desulfonema的相对丰度。碳源影响分析表明相较于乙酸盐,SRB更易利用丙酸盐作为电子供体生产H2S。酶活性分析进一步揭示丙酸盐更易作为硫酸盐还原菌SRB的电子供体。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to