高温厌氧膨胀床反应器处理木薯酒精废水试验

实验考察了厌氧膨胀床反应器(EGSB)处理木薯酒精废水的启动、运行和基质产沼气转化特性.结果表明,高温EGSB反应器接种中温颗粒污泥,需20d即可完成启动,反应器故障停运54d后进行二次启动的时间仅需10d.EGSB适宜的有机负荷是10~14kg·m-3·d-1(以COD计),稳定运行期间对化学需氧量(COD)的去除率在80%~90%之间,在标准状态下的产沼气转化率(BCR)为0.315m3·kg-1.试验期间反应器内的污泥颗粒化程度良好,直径2mm以上的大颗粒污泥增长迅速.260d时污泥挥发性悬浮固体(VSS)与总固体(TSS)质量浓度之比ρVSS/ρTSS由接种时的0.51变为0.84.启动和运行期,出水pH值随着COD去除率的变化而波动,可以通过系统出水pH大小来初步判断EGSB的运行状况.     

内循环UASB处理高浓度丙烯酸废水

研究升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)工艺处理高浓度丙烯酸废水的可行性.试验过程中在pH、温度正常稳定基础上,以不同方式提高反应器的容积负荷,直至最大值.结果表明:UASB反应器处理高浓度丙烯酸能承受的最大负荷为13.1～13.5 kg/(m3·d).在容积负荷13.1 kg/(m3·d)、进水化学需氧量(COD)为15.234g/L下反应器可稳定运行,对COD的去除效果良好,挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)为3.5 mmol/L,出水COD为0.614 mg/L,COD去除率达87.9%.     

UASBF处理垃圾渗滤液的启动及颗粒污泥培养

研究了上流式厌氧复合床反应器(UASBF)处理垃圾渗滤液的启动及CODCr负荷、pH、碱度、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)对污泥颗粒化过程的影响。实验表明,最佳启动温度在35±1℃,进水pH 6.8,CODCr质量浓度1000～1200mg.L-1,水力停留时间(HRT)48h,容积负荷0.5kgCODCr.m-3.d-1。根据处理效果不断增加反应器的容积负荷,缩小HRT。经过150天运行,完成了污泥颗粒化。进水CODCr质量浓度3500mg.L-1,容积负荷7.6kgCODCr.m-3.d-1,产气量14.8L.d-1,CODCr去除率69%。颗粒污泥形状不规则,一般为球形或椭球形,粒径为1～2mm。     

常温处理生活污水微氧EGSB反应器启动运行特性

为了研究微氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)去除生活污水中的有机物和氮、磷(N,P)营养物的快速启动和稳动运行特性,在15～26℃常温下运行EGSB反应器9个多月,对微氧EGSB反应器内颗粒污泥的培养过程以及稳定运行阶段化学需氧量(COD)、N、P的去除规律进行了研究.通过给EGSB反应器内适量曝气,为EGSB反应器内的颗粒污泥提供溶解氧以产生微氧环境,以曝气柱内的曝气速率来控制回流水中的溶解氧量.研究结果表明,在15～26℃时微氧颗粒污泥的成功培养需要近4个月.当水力停留时间(HRT)为3.9～4.8 h,进水流量为2.5～3.1 L/h,进水COD、NH3-N、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的质量浓度分别在213～867,26.5～72.1,31.7～81.7和3.8～17.3 mg/L范围内波动,稳定运行微氧EGSB反应器时,COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别达到了93.4%,83.8%,74.7%和44.0%;出水平均浓度分别为29,10.0,14.0和4.7 mg/L,水质分别达到ⅠA、ⅠB、ⅠA和Ⅲ级标准;出水浊度在6 NTU左右.微氧EGSB反应器进口处氧化还原电位宜控制在+15 mV左右.微氧使得颗粒污泥沉速降低,最小颗粒污泥沉速低至11 m/h,没有出现污泥流失.稳定运行阶段污泥中混合液悬浮固体浓度达到28g/L左右,混合液中可挥发性悬浮固体与悬浮固体的质量比为0.74～0.77,说明微氧EGSB反应器已成功启动并稳定运行.     

碱度对动态膜生物反应器处理效果的影响

采用动态膜生物反应器(DMBR)处理生活污水,考察不同进水碱度对DMBR处理效果的影响,研究反应器运行过程中运行参数的变化情况.结果表明:当碱度为25~510mg·L-1时,碱度对出水CODCr影响不大,去除率达到92.46%;进水碱度充足(224~510mg·L-1)时,出水NH+4-N去除率在98%以上;当进水碱度不足时,NH+4-N去除率下降,DMBR出水pH值的变化滞后于碱度的变化;当碱度在330~510mg·L-1范围内时,动态膜通量约为23L·(m2·h)-1,DMBR的运行周期可达39d,反冲洗后膜通量恢复率为100%.反应器内的胞外聚合物随着进水碱度的下降而升高,DMBR反冲洗周期缩短,膜污染趋势加重,当进水碱度下降到130mg·L-1时,反冲洗周期下降到10d.     

处理易降解有机物UASB反应器的抗负荷冲击能力

以处理易降解有机物的UASB反应器为对象,以化学需氧量(COD)、三氯甲烷、2,4-二硝基酚和碱度为主要冲击负荷,研究了单负荷、双负荷和多负荷冲击下UASB反应器主要性能参数的变化规律.研究结果表明,UASB受到负荷冲击时,出水COD和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的浓度会增加,而CH4体积分数则会降低;容积产气率在COD负荷冲击时会增加,在其他负荷冲击时则会减少.研究还表明,多负荷冲击反应器时,影响VFA因素的主次顺序分别为三氯甲烷、COD、二氯硝基酚和碱度;影响容积产气率和CH4体积分数因素的主次顺序分别为三氯甲烷、二氯硝基酚、COD和碱度.     

混合炸药废水的厌氧处理研究

对混合炸药废水的一般特性进行了分析,采用生物测试技术对废水的厌氧生化可降解性进行试验研究,同时采用上流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)进行连续厌氧生物处理研究.研究结果表明,该废水氮、磷营养物缺乏,碱度偏低,废水处理时按CODBD、氮、磷为(300~500)∶5∶1的比例添加氮、磷元素.废水厌氧生化降解率为90%,含有的难降解污染物黑索今可通过厌氧方法降解;废水经UASB处理后,出水黑索今浓度低于5.0mg/L,平均去除率为88%;COD去除率约70%,在厌氧反应器运行过程中,应注意出水挥发性脂肪酸VFA浓度的监测.     

黄原胶废水UASB反应器快速启动

以生产性黄原胶废水UASB(1200m3)反应器中温厌氧消化反应的启动过程为对象, 研究考察:接种污泥、进水方式、进水pH值、容积负荷等因素对反应器启动过程的影响.结果表明,采用淀粉废水厌氧污泥为接种污泥,在污泥层高度1.5m,进水pH7.5～8.0,进水温度38℃时,控制容积负荷,使挥发性有机酸(VFA)小于850mg·L-1的条件下,可使反应器在28d内成功启动.     

克拉维酸钾菌渣中温单级厌氧消化实验研究

在水力停留时间固定为15天、接种比40％的条件下进行了克拉维酸钾菌渣中温(35℃)单级厌氧消化实验,结果表明:①在稳定运行阶段可直接进原浓度菌渣(COD约40000mg·L-1,COD容积负荷2.67kg·m 3·d-1),出水COD稳定在1500mg· L-1左右,COD去除率在96％左右,理论单位容积/(L-1·d-1)甲烷产量达0.9L.②系统启动和驯化快;负荷提高时运行平稳;VFA浓度较低,未出现酸化现象;氨氮浓度较高(1800～2000mg·L-1),可能对厌氧消化有抑制作用.③厌氧消化技术用于处理克拉维酸钾菌渣是可行的.     

两相厌氧生物技术处理环氧树脂生产废水

研究采用两相厌氧生物技术处理环氧树脂生产废水。试验结果表明:经过AMBR和EGSB反应器处理后,COD去除率达到91%,SS去除率达到67%;进水在产酸器AMBR反应后,pH值由6.8降至5.86,VFA由1265 mg/L升至3862 mg/L,酸化效果较好;经产甲烷器EGSB反应后,pH值和VFA分别为7.61和206 mg/L,产甲烷效果良好;经过后续工艺SBR处理后,出水符合国家污水综合排放标准。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.