铜电解液中砷氧化还原规律及价态转化途径

以含H2SO4、As、Sb、Bi的酸性溶液为研究体系,采用化学分析及电化学测试研究了电解液中砷的氧化还原规律及价态转化途径。试验结果表明:溶解在铜电解液中的空气在一定温度下将As3+氧化,而且Sb可显著促进As3+的氧化。通过向电解液中通入适量的SO2可实现电解液中砷的价态调控,促进砷锑铋的共沉淀反应。采用SO2还原电解液中的As5+,使砷物质的量比(n(As3+)/n(As5+))维持在1∶1附近,Sb、Bi在一定条件下脱除率分别高达60.0%和46.0%。电化学测试表明:加入As3+后,阴极过程在-0.1～-0.2 V出现还原峰,随着As3+加入量增大,峰电位负移。加入As5+后,阳极和阴极过程分别在-0.01 V和-0.18 V附近出现氧化峰和还原峰,随着As5+浓度的增加,氧化峰电流逐渐增大;还原峰电位负移,峰电流先增大后减小。     

根系分泌物对砷酸还原菌TS28活性及土壤中酶活性的影响

以砷酸还原菌(Stenotrophomonas sp.TS28)以及油菜、 小麦和小白菜的根系分泌物为实验对象,  研究根系分泌物对砷（As）污染土壤中砷酸还原菌TS28存活、 As还原能力的影响以及土壤中酶活性的变化规律. 结果表明： 土壤中的As(Ⅴ)抑制了TS28的活性, 添加根系分泌物刺激了TS28的活性,  增加了TS28的存活数量和存活时间; 植物根系分泌物会影响TS28的As还原能力,  影响程度与其来源有关,  小麦的根系分泌物对TS28的As还原能力提升效果最好,  10 d内将As(Ⅴ)的还原量提升了45.86％;  TS28降低了As污染土壤中蔗糖酶和脱氢酶的活性,  添加根系分泌物提高了含TS28的As污染土壤中脲酶、 酸性磷酸酶、 蔗糖酶和脱氢酶这4种土壤酶的活性,  油菜根系分泌物的促进效果最好.       

不同混凝剂对水中砷的去除效果研究

以浓度为0.1mg·L-1的As(Ⅲ)和As(V)溶液作模拟水样,用铝盐混凝剂、铁盐混凝剂和自制的复合混凝剂进行除砷实验研究。结果表明,铁盐混凝剂的除砷效果均比铝盐好,其中三氯化铁的除砷效果相对较好;各种混凝剂对As(V)的去除率均比As(Ⅲ)的高;自制混凝剂中聚合硫酸铁(PFSS)和聚硅氯化铁(PFSC)的除砷效果最好,对砷的去除率达到了90%。能满足国家饮用水标准(As≤0.01mg·L-1)。     

耐酸性硫酸盐还原功能菌株WF83的分离鉴定及生长特性研究

运用Hungate厌氧技术,从某酸性底泥中分离到一株耐酸且具有硫酸盐还原功能的菌株WF83,采用形态以及16SrRNA基因序列分析手段对其鉴定,并对WF83的主要生长因素(pH和温度)进行研究.结果表明,菌株WF83为革兰氏阴性菌,杆状,具有硫酸盐还原功能,产H2S,兼性厌氧;与Enterobacter sp.的同源相似水平达99%,初步鉴定该菌株可能为Enterobacter属.生长条件试验显示,该菌株属中温菌,最适宜生长温度为22～35℃,且具有较宽的pH生长范围(5.0～9.0),在pH5.0时的细胞生长水平与pH9.0时基本相同,相对于已经报道的硫酸盐还原菌,其表现出较强的耐酸性.     

一株Cr(Ⅵ)还原菌的鉴定及其还原特性

从长沙铬盐厂区的被污染土壤中分离获得一株具高效还原高浓度Cr(Ⅵ)的细菌,利用PCR扩增获得该菌16S rDNA部分序列,经测序和比对确定菌株为Pannonibacter sp..研究该菌株的生理特性、培养条件以及还原六价铬的最佳条件.研究结果表明,该菌为革兰氏阴性菌,显微镜下观察为短杆状,好氧;该菌在pH为9,温度为30℃时生长最好;pH为8,30℃时六价铬还原效果最佳;16 h内可将质量浓度为300 mg/L的Cr(Ⅵ)还原90%以上.     

大庆油田地面系统的硫酸盐还原菌的分离与鉴定

大庆油田地面系统中的硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)危害严重,SRB菌的分离鉴定尚属空白,针对其不同种类进行杀菌研究具有重要意义.应用Hungate厌氧操作技术、绝迹稀释法以及"滚管"培养,从大庆油田地面系统的3种介质类型中分离到80株具有硫酸盐还原功能的菌株.对其中20株进行形态、生理生化以及16S rDNA序列系统发育分析.研究发现,液体培养基外观存在两种特征:一种为附着生长的SRB菌占多数,另一种为非附着生长的SRB菌占少数;地面系统的SRB菌主要分布于厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)梭菌纲(Clostridia)占总数的65%,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)占总数的25%,δ-变形菌纲(Deltaproteobacteria)中的脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)和脱硫肠状菌属(Desulfotomaculum)占总数的10%.地面系统中SRB的种类比较新颖,存在新种的可能性很大,本源的SRB菌很少,大部分是具有硫酸盐还原功能的外源微生物.图2,表2,参11.     

亚硒酸盐还原菌除硒效果与吸附机理分析

为了研究除硒微生物特性,作者从江西某富硒泉水中分离到4株亚硒酸盐还原菌,并进行除硒效果与机理分析。4株亚硒酸盐还原菌表现出很强的亚硒酸耐受能力,在7 mmol/L(553 mg/L)的亚硒酸浓度下生长良好。通过16S r DNA基因序列分析,4株细菌均为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)。在18 h内,它们对33 mg/L的亚硒酸去除率均高于99. 7%。B菌在75 h内对高浓度亚硒酸钠(197. 5 mg/L)去除率在达到91. 2%。扫描电镜(SEM)结果表明,经过高浓度含硒废水处理的细菌表面形态完整,能谱分析(EDS)证明硒元素在细胞表面存在。红外光谱(FTIR)分析表明,除硒后羟基、酰胺基基团等峰位发生了明显移位,表明它们在细菌吸附除硒中起重要作用。     

菌株Citrobacter sp.ZY630铁(Ⅱ)氧化硝酸盐还原生物学和化学途径

实验室分离纯化出一株具有反硝化功能的兼性厌氧菌,16 S rDNA序列分析其为柠檬酸杆菌属,命名为Citrobacter sp.ZY630.对菌株利用Fe(Ⅱ)还原NO-3过程进行探究,结果表明,在无外加有机物的情况下,菌株ZY630可以以Fe2+为电子供体还原NO-3,经过120 h反应,Fe2++菌组约1.1 mmol/L的NO-3完全降解,产物包含NO-2、N2和N2 O.通过对照分析,发现体系中NO-3-NO-2的转化是由生物作用主导.同时发现6 mmol/L Fe2++菌组较3 mmol/L Fe2++菌组反硝化程度进行更彻底,表明Fe2+有助于促进该体系反硝化过程.进一步探究菌株ZY630利用Fe2+降解NO-2过程,发现120 h后,加菌加Fe2+体系的Fe2+氧化总量与NO-2还原总量的摩尔比约为2.22,较只加Fe2+体系的摩尔比略高,表明NO-2和Fe2+之间化学反应占优.所以,菌株ZY630厌氧亚铁氧化硝酸盐还原是一个生物化学耦合过程.     

沼泽红假单胞菌砷代谢基因多样性及进化分析

对已公布全基因组的沼泽红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudanonas palustris)砷代谢基因进行解析,探求其砷代谢机制及进化关系.已公布全基因组的7个菌株中均含有砷抗性(ars)基因簇,主要包括arsR,arsC,arsM,arsB,acr3p,arsH,但不同菌株间的arsR同源性可以有较大差异,有6个菌株同时含有Ⅰ和Ⅱ两类arsC,5个菌株含有arsM,arsM同源性也有较大差异.结果表明:R.palustris砷代谢机制的主体为细胞质As(Ⅴ)还原和As(Ⅲ)甲基化,菌株不同,砷代谢基因呈现明显差异和多样性.     

常温等离子体诱变选育高效耐镉硫酸盐还原菌

从镉污染土壤中分离出35株硫酸盐还原菌(SRB),采用优化的硫酸钡沉淀法测定其硫酸盐还原活性,筛选出3株在缺氧和有氧条件下硫酸盐还原活性均较高的菌株,采用常温等离子体诱变技术对筛选的菌株进行诱变处理,筛选出一株硫酸盐还原活性高且耐受Cd生长能力强的诱变株WK 2-5-2,该菌株在液体培养基中能够耐受100mg/L Cd2+生长,菌数达到4.12×107CFU/m L,比其原始菌株WK 2-5的数量增加了约100倍。该菌株在缺氧和有氧条件下的硫酸盐还原活性分别为99.17%和78.37%,比其相应的原始菌株WK 2-5的硫酸盐还原活性分别增加了1.49%和43.88%。通过测定WK 2-5-2的16S rRNA序列,该菌株与路德维希肠杆菌(Enterobacter ludwigii EN-119)同源性达到100%,初步鉴定该菌株为路德维希肠杆菌。该菌株具有应用于镉污染土壤或水体修复的潜力。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.