有机蒙脱土/废胶粉复合改性沥青的性能

采用熔融共混法制备了有机蒙脱土(OMMT)/废胶粉复合改性沥青,通过X射线衍射(XRD)分析和原子力显微镜(AFM)分析表征了复合改性沥青的微观结构,研究了复合改性沥青的物理性能、抗热氧老化性能和热储存稳定性.结果表明:OMMT的掺入使废胶粉在沥青中的分散更加均匀,OMMT/废胶粉复合改性沥青形成剥离结构;与废胶粉改性沥青相比,OMMT/废胶粉复合改性沥青的高温性能得到改善,随着OMMT掺量的增加,软化点大幅升高,25℃针入度及5℃延度减小;与废胶粉改性沥青相比,OMMT/废胶粉复合改性沥青的抗热氧老化性能和热储存稳定性明显提高.     

全透式沥青路面专用高黏度改性沥青性能对比

为了制备一种全透式沥青路面专用高黏度改性沥青,采用自制改性粒子(SR)与SBS粒子为复配改性剂,对基质沥青进行复合改性。通过荧光显微照相、针入度试验、延度试验、软化点试验、薄膜老化试验、动力黏度试验及布氏黏度试验等,对自制高黏度改性沥青性能进行表征,并与SK90#基质沥青、橡胶沥青、SBS改性沥青进行性能对比。结果表明:各改性材料在基质沥青中分散良好,自制高黏度改性沥青中的SR粒子作为高弹嵌挤单元提高了沥青交联网状结构的稳定性;与基质沥青相比,改性沥青具有较高的软化点和延度,以及较低的针入度(25℃);自制高黏度改性沥青的动力黏度高达230kPa·s,明显高于橡胶沥青和SBS改性沥青;动态剪切流变试验(DSR))中自制高黏度改性沥青高温分级达到PG82℃,较SBS改性沥青和橡胶沥青提高1个等级,较基质沥青提高4个等级,高温变形可恢复性能最强;4种沥青的原样和薄膜老化后沥青中以自制高黏度改性沥青的车辙因子随温度变化最为缓慢,高温敏感性最弱,耐老化性能优异;弯曲梁流变试验(BBR)中,SBS改性沥青和自制高黏度改性沥青的低温分级均达到PG-18℃,较基质沥青和橡胶沥青高1个等级,但自制高黏度改性沥青的蠕变劲度较小,蠕变速率较大,具有更强的低温柔性。     

废胶粉/APAO复合改性沥青性能

为了研究废胶粉(WTR)与非晶态α-烯烃共聚物(APAO)对沥青复合改性的效果以及其最优加工工艺。首先采用高速剪切法制备多组不同掺量的WTR/APAO复合改性沥青;然后测定WTR/APAO复合改性沥青的针入度、软化点、黏度、弹性恢复,同时进行了存储稳定性分析与荧光显微镜微观检测;最后通过正交试验确定WTR/APAO复合改性沥青最优加工工艺。研究结果表明:WTR与APAO的掺量(质量分数,下同)分别为15%与4%时,WTR/APAO复合改性沥青的针入度比基质沥青降低了36.8mm,软化点增加了22.9℃,弹性恢复增加了67%,黏度(180℃)增加81%,且其各项指标均满足橡胶沥青评价指标要求;加入适量的WTR与APAO后基质沥青的高温性能和可恢复变形能力得到明显提高,WTR/APAO复合改性沥青具有较好的改性效果;与WTR单独改性相比,加入APAO能使针入度进一步减小,软化点、黏度与弹性恢复进一步增加,APAO的加入能进一步提升WTR的改性效果;加入4%的APAO后,WTR/APAO复合改性沥青比仅掺入15%的WTR改性沥青的软化点降低了3.3℃,APAO的加入能显著提高废胶粉改性沥青的存储稳定性,弥补了废胶粉改性沥青的不足;APAO不仅增进了WTR的分散程度,而且改善了WTR与沥青相的相容性。WTR/APAO复合改性沥青最优加工工艺基本参数为:先加入WTR,后加入APAO,控制剪切温度190℃,剪切时间90min,剪切速度5 000r/min。     

SBS复合改性沥青存储稳定性与常规性能的灰色关联分析

以改善SBS改性沥青存储稳定为目的,添加有机蒙脱土OMMT、硫磺S和炭黑CB三种添加剂对SBS改性沥青复合改性,分析添加剂种类和掺量对SBS改性沥青存储稳定性以及常规性能的影响,采用灰色系统关联方法分析SBS改性沥青存储稳定性与沥青各项常规性能关系。结果表明:三种添加剂在适宜掺量下都能有效解决SBS改性沥青离析问题;其中OMMT添加剂对SBS改性沥青高温性能改性效果显著;CB添加剂可降低SBS改性沥青对温度的敏感性;灰色关联分析表明不同SBS复合改性沥青的存储稳定性与其常规性能之间的相关性各不相同:SBS/OMMT复合改性沥青SBS/S复合改性沥青SBS/CB复合改性沥青。     

OMMT/PE复合改性沥青的性能研究

采用实验室自制的有机蒙脱土,通过熔融插层复合法制备OMMT/PE复合改性沥青,重点研究OMMT对PE改性沥青基本物理性能、热稳定性、老化性能及相形态结构的影响,希望获得高温稳定性、低温柔顺性良好,贮存稳定、价格相对低廉的复合改性沥青材料。     

废机油对改性沥青感温性及路用性能的影响

为分析废机油的掺入对苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物/胶粉(SBS/CR)复合改性沥青温度敏感性的影响,采用针入度指数(PI)、针入度黏度指数(PVN)以及黏温指数(VTS),分别评价5个不同废机油掺量的复合改性沥青在中温、中高温及高温区间下的温度敏感性,同时结合高温车辙、低温小梁、浸水马歇尔及冻融劈裂试验,全面评价掺入废机油对SBS/CR复合改性沥青混合料性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:废机油掺量对复合改性沥青感温性能在不同温度区间的影响结果具有一致性,即废机油的掺入会提高改性沥青的温度敏感性,且掺量越多,温度敏感性越强。当废机油掺量超过50%时,复合改性沥青的感温性骤增,混合料的高温稳定性显著降低。为保证SBS/CR复合改性沥青及混合料的路用性能,建议废机油掺量控制在50%以内。     

生物沥青及岩沥青复合改性沥青使用性能

为研究生物沥青及岩沥青复合改性沥青结合料使用性能,在60%范围内对不同掺量(质量)生物沥青及岩沥青复合改性沥青进行针入度、软化点、延度、黏度和RTFO短期老化试验,考察基质沥青在生物沥青和岩沥青复合改性作用下各性能的变化.试验结果与分析表明:在保持生物沥青及岩沥青复合改性沥青结合料与对照组基质沥青结合料的25℃针入度一致时,岩沥青与生物沥青的比值和复合改性剂的掺量变化成正比例关系;复合改性沥青针入度指数PI值增大,温度敏感性得到改善;复合改性沥青的高温性能先略有降低而后一直提升,复合改性剂掺量约为15%时达到对照组基质沥青水平;复合改性沥青RTFO后残留针入度比先略有减小而后一直增大,复合改性剂掺量约为20%时达到对照组基质沥青水平,软化点变化提升明显;然而,沥青的延度随着复合改性剂的掺入而大幅降低,但沥青混合料弯曲试验对低温性能的验证显示,复合改性剂的掺量不超过30%时,复合改性剂的掺入不会降低沥青的低温性能,反而有一定改善.综上所述,在20%～30%掺量范围内,将复合改性剂替代部分石油沥青不会降低沥青的各类性能,甚至均有一定提高,且适应不同性能要求时掺量范围上限或下限可适当放宽.     

岩沥青复合改性沥青流变性能

为改善岩沥青改性沥青的流变性能,使其更好地应用于实际工程,分别添加不同掺量的胶粉、SBS和岩沥青,制备得到胶粉/岩沥青复合改性沥青(CR/RACMA)和SBS/岩沥青复合改性沥青(SBS/RACMA),采用针入度、软化点和黏度试验筛选改性剂掺配方案,应用频率和温度两种扫描模式下的动态剪切流变(DSR)和弯曲梁流变(BBR)试验分析岩沥青复合改性沥青的流变性能,利用Black曲线探讨岩沥青复合改性沥青的时温等效原理有效性及黏弹特性,并通过多应力蠕变恢复试验评价岩沥青复合改性沥青的抗永久变形能力.结果表明,CR/RACMA较SBS/RACMA具有更好的高温性能和温度敏感性;CR/RACMA较SBS/RACMA具有更优的PG分级,其中添加18%胶粉和5%岩沥青的CR/RACMA的PG分级最优;SBS/RACMA具有更加明显的时温依赖性,而CR/RACMA不适用于时温等效原理;CR/RACMA较SBS/RACMA具有更高的弹性成分和更小的不可恢复应变,其中添加18%胶粉和5%岩沥青和添加14%胶粉和12%岩沥青的复合改性沥青表现出相近的抗永久变形能力.综合流变性能试验分析得到18%胶粉和5%岩沥青是岩沥青复合改性沥青的合理掺配.     

活化胶粉/SBS复合改性沥青短期老化性能

为了探究SBS复合改性对活化胶粉改性沥青短期老化性能的影响,采用沥青薄膜加热试验(TFOT)模拟复合改性沥青的短期老化行为,通过软化点、针入度、弹性恢复、黏度和测力延度试验对复合改性沥青老化前后的高温性能、低温性能及施工和易性进行评价;以软化点为主要指标,研究复合改性沥青在不同老化条件下的性能稳定性;结合扫描电镜(SEM)及体式显微镜分析活化胶粉/SBS复合改性沥青的微观形貌与短期老化性能的关联性。研究结果表明:活化胶粉/SBS复合改性沥青经短期老化后的高温性能、低温性能及施工和易性相关指标变化幅度降低,SBS的加入改善了活化胶粉改性沥青的耐老化性能;活化胶粉/SBS复合改性沥青的软化点受老化时间及老化温度的影响较小,在不同短期老化条件下具有良好的稳定性;SBS与沥青形成的网状结构有效减缓了活化胶粉/SBS复合改性沥青短期老化期间胶粉的二次降解;体式显微镜照片中发现SBS的加入使活化胶粉/SBS复合改性沥青在短期老化过程中保持了相对稳定的多相结构,有助于胶粉和SBS降解产物与沥青反应补充沥青中的组分,起到抗老化的目的。     

石墨烯橡胶复合改性沥青高温性能研究

为了研究石墨烯橡胶复合改性剂对沥青高温性能的影响,采用SBS改性沥青作为试验对照组,基于流变学原理,通过动态温度、频率扫描试验,分析改性沥青在动态加载条件下的黏弹性能与流变性能。研究结果表明:改性沥青的车辙因子、复数模量及黏度随着温度的升高而降低,在高温条件下石墨烯橡胶复合改性沥青相较于SBS改性沥青具有良好抗车辙性能与抗外力变形能力,且石墨烯的添加增强了改性沥青的弹性恢复能力,提高了沥青的高温稳定性能。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.