基于非点源污染负荷模型PLOAD的最佳管理措施模拟研究

提出了一种分级选择控制区,以确定流域内重点非点源控制区并实施最佳管理措施的优化方法.首先利用PLOAD模型计算流域非点源污染负荷量,并筛选出重污染区,最后模拟在重污染区中实施生态工程措施后的效果,为最佳管理措施的选址与实施提供依据.     

象山港海域环境容量的二步分配法

现有的总量控制污染负荷分配方法通常不考虑非点源污染,使环境容量的计算缺乏科学性,分配缺乏可操作性,污染控制方案难以达到预期效果.在象山港海洋环境容量总量控制研究中,在全面识别非点源污染负荷的基础上,提出了环境容量的二步分配法,即首先为管理控制难度大的非点源预留环境容量,再将剩余容量在其它部门间进行环境经济优化分配.海域环境容量的二步分配法将非点源纳入总量控制的分配体系,同时考虑了部门间的优化分配,有助于实现海域环境目标和环境容量资源的最佳利用.     

基于SWAT的柴河水库流域非点源污染识别与评价

基于SWAT模型,以山区饮用水水源控制单元——柴河水库流域为例,分析了流域非点源污染的主要来源和构成,并就非点源污染模型识别和输入方法进行了讨论.在径流和泥沙过程模拟的基础上,对流域非点源污染进行了模拟识别和评价.结果表明,SWAT模型对柴河水库流域的径流、泥沙和水质模拟适应性较好,趋势匹配较理想,但部分年份模拟峰值存在一定偏差.空间分析表明柴河水库流域非点源污染表现出显著的空间分布特征,氮和磷的产生主要集中于河流中下游农业生产区域;贡献率分析表明化肥施用和畜禽养殖污染对氮、磷贡献较大,是流域非点源污染控制的重点.     

农业非点源污染的研究进展与治理对策

文章从农业非点源污染的概念、现状及研究进展出发,介绍了各个时期非点源污染模型的理论依据及适用范围;并指出我国在相关领域存在的问题。最后从行政法规、经济手段、教育及自愿参与等方面提出了农业非点源污染控制与治理对策,以促进流域的可持续发展。     

改进的输出系数法在农业污染源估算中的应用

农业污染源是非点源污染的重要来源,了解农业污染源现状是研究流域非点源污染的前提.该文考虑了降雨和地形特征对污染物迁移的损失,并给出了降雨与地形特征对流域农业源污染损失系数的确定方法,研究了改进的输出系数模型.将改进的输出系数模型应用于鄱阳湖流域的4个小区域内,并分别计算4个小流域的降雨和地形特征影响因子,对各种污染物输出系数进行率定和验证,使改进后的输出系数模型更符合农业源污染物运动机理,通过计算发现,部分模拟精度有所提高,并得到了一组适合鄱阳湖流域农业源非点源污染物的输出系数,将其应用到整个鄱阳湖流域的农业源污染物的快速估算,为鄱阳湖流域非点源污染控制提供了科学依据.     

基于MIKE模型的北京副中心污染物减排方案模拟

高标准、高品质的水环境是北京副中心建设的战略需求,但副中心水系均属劣Ⅴ类水,且非点源污染已成为污染主要来源,水质状况亟待改善.本文基于MIKE模型建立水动力水质模型,对北京副中心区入河的点源和非点源污染进行减排方案设置,模拟分析不同减排方案下的河道水质响应.结果表明:在点源污染减排方案中,排污口污水经污水处理厂处理后统一排放,能对研究区水质起到提升作用;在非点源污染减排方案中,应用LID和BMPs等措施分别进行城市和农业非点源污染控制,减少非点源污染的排放,可显著改善河道水质.研究结果可为北京副中心的水环境管理提供可靠有效的技术支撑.     

流域非点源污染控制决策支持系统

为给非点源污染的控制与管理提供集成和高效的支持,开发了决策支持系统。采用VisualC++编程语言和ArcObject组件技术进行二次开发,该系统应用地理信息系统(GIS)技术实现农业非点源模型(AGNPS)的输入数据准备和输出结果分析等功能,调用筛选模块生成较优的非点源污染控制技术组合集。以官厅水库崇礼县小流域为背景对系统进行了评估和应用。研究表明:决策支持系统增强了模型在流域尺度上的模拟和预测能力,并能为非点源污染控制管理提供有力的决策支持。     

基于水文水质资料的非点源输出系数模型参数确定方法及其应用

非点源污染模型是目前开展非点源污染研究的主要手段.针对非点源污染模型中的输出系数模型,提出了一种基于历史水文水质资料的参数确定方法.该方法通过在研究区中筛选若干个小流域,根据污染物质量守恒原则,得到各营养源的输出系数.该方法对长江上游2000年的总氮(TN)负荷模拟值为156.19万t,其与实际监测值的相对误差为21.90%,这对于长江上游这样的超大流域而言,模拟精度在可接受范围内.本文提出的参数确定方法简便可行,对参数要求低,且精度较好,适合于对我国非点源污染监测资料缺乏地区以及大中尺度流域的非点源污染负荷研究,因此具有其理论和现实意义.     

“两湖”流域农业非点源污染现状与对策

分析了"两湖"流域的农业非点源污染的现状与污染源种类的来源,并针对"两湖流域"农业非点源污染的特征提出了农业非点源控制对策。     

基于输出系数模型的云南洱海流域农业非点源污染研究

以洱海流域北部罗时江、弥苴河、永安江3个子流域作为实验区,利用输出系数模型对子流域内农业非点源氮、磷污染进行估算,结合罗时江、弥苴河、永安江水质监测数据,对模型输出系数进行率定和验证,得到一组适用于洱海流域农业非点源污染估算的输出系数.利用该组输出系数,对洱海流域范围内农业非点源氮、磷污染负荷进行估算.研究表明：氮、磷污染空间分布具有一致性,乡镇污染输出于地域分布中呈现出“南北高中间低”的趋势.不同非点源氮污染贡献率依次为大牲畜养殖>农村生活排放>种植业>生猪养殖,不同非点源磷污染贡献率依次为种植业>农村生活排放>生猪养殖>大牲畜养殖.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.