液-液雾化液滴的粒径分布特性

液-液雾化形成液滴的过程是一个动态的和随机的现象,所形成液滴的大小具有不确定性,但在大量的实验条件下,液滴粒径的大小又呈现统计规律性。为了研究不同流量工况下雾化液滴的粒径分布特性,采用数理统计方法作为一种研究手段进行统计分析。研究结果表明:不同的流量工况下,雾化液滴的粒径大小均呈现一定的分布形式,且随流量的增大,粒径分布的中位粒径、标准偏差的总体变化趋势是减小的;同时为了获得能够描述液滴粒径分布的经验表达函数,对3种常用的粒径分布函数Log-Normal分布、Rosin-Rammler分布、Nukiyama-Tanasawa分布,进行了Pearson χ2拟和优度检验,发现在整个实验流量范围内,Rosin-Rammler分布函数均能够比较准确地描述液滴的粒径分布。     

液-液循环流化床制取流体冰雾化机理实验

对液-液系统射流雾化机理进行了实验研究.通过改变水的喷射速度和非相溶介质的流速,来研究不同条件对雾化的影响,利用高速摄像仪捕捉各种工况下的雾化结果.采用图像处理与数值计算相结合的方法对雾化结果进行了统计整理,对雾化过程中影响雾化液滴平均粒径、射锥高度以及雾化现象的关键因素进行了探讨,并应用Rosin-Rammler分布函数对液滴粒径分布进行了分析.结果表明:每种工况下的雾化液滴粒径存在着离散性,能很好地符合Rosin-Rammler分布规律;当非相溶介质流速保持不变时,雾化液滴统计平均粒径与射锥高度分别在喷射速度为2.3与 3.5m/s时,达到最大值;而在相同的喷射速度下,改变非相溶介质流速所得雾化结果也完全不同.喷射速度以及周围非相溶介质的流速是影响雾化结果的重要因素,合理选择其值对优化雾化性能及控制雾化过程有着重要的意义.     

两阶段悬浮液超音速火焰喷涂多相流模拟研究

为研究两阶段悬浮液超音速火焰喷涂过程中的流场分布以及液滴/颗粒行为，采用三维Euler-Lagrange耦合建模方法，模拟悬浮液在流场中破碎雾化、运动换热、蒸发扩散并最终被基板捕捉的过程。悬浮液物性由基于实验的拟合函数编译，并考虑了液滴形状变化的影响。结果表明：通过调节氮气质量流量，可以在不影响焰流速度的前提下，调节焰流温度，以满足不同温敏材料涂层制备的工艺要求。通过调节悬浮液的体积流量，可以使悬浮液到达焰流中心被充分加热加速。适当减小悬浮液的体积流量有助于提高颗粒被基板捕捉时的温度与速度，适当提高或降低悬浮液的颗粒浓度可以在不影响颗粒被基板捕捉时速度的前提下，提高单位时间内的颗粒输出量或降低颗粒粒径，可以根据不同的工艺要求进行相应的调整。     

液流冲击圆盘铺展及破碎特性的研究

针对难以确定制取铁合金一定粒径下的工艺参数，基于飞溅板雾化原理，引入圆盘边缘处液膜厚度和流速为中间变量，将全过程分为圆盘内铺展和圆盘外破碎两个连续阶段，在圆盘内液膜铺展阶段建立气-液两相流数学模型，在圆盘外液膜破碎阶段建立液膜表面扰动波数学模型，研究了液流流速、液流直径和圆盘直径对液膜铺展及破碎特性的影响规律.结果表明，当介质为Sn-58Bi,液流流速为3 m/s,圆盘直径为200 mm,改变液流直径为50～100 mm时，形成液滴直径为7.5～10 mm;液流直径增加或圆盘直径减小时，破碎形成的液滴直径增大；液流流速增加时，液膜破碎时刻提前，对液滴直径的影响较小.     

液滴与球形颗粒相互碰撞的数值模拟

为了研究液滴与球形颗粒的碰撞规律,建立了正确反映液滴与颗粒间相互碰撞的物理模型.利用所建模型模拟了液滴与颗粒的动态碰撞过程,进而对液滴半径铺展系数及液膜中心高度系数进行分析,研究了液滴与颗粒间的撞击速度、湿润角、粒径比等参数对碰撞结果的影响.结果表明:在一定条件下,撞击速度的提高会增大液滴的最大铺展半径系数,当撞击速度为0.4 m·s-1时,液滴完全反弹,当撞击速度提高到1.4 m·s-1时,液滴发生破碎;当速度和粒径比不变时,湿润角与最大液膜中心高度系数成正比;在湿润角不大于90°时,粒径比越大,液滴包覆的概率就越大.     

气—水环状流携带液滴粒径几何特征的测量

用激光衍射技术测量了水平管内空气－水环状流携带液滴的粒径几何分布特征，得到了Ｓａｕｔｅｒ平均直径，体积平均直径，体积分数、折算表面积等描述粒径几何特性的参数；用双参数模型描述了液滴粒径的分布，研究了折算气速、液相折算雷诺数对液滴粒径分布的影响；并利用双平行电导探针测量了气液界面波，根据界面结构分析了环状流中液滴携带的方式。     

气液喷射器中不同粒径分布函数下液滴轨迹数值模拟

采用数值模拟的方法研究气液喷射器内液滴的运动轨迹,液相流场采用离散相模型。研究粒径和液滴速度对液滴运动轨迹的影响,探索了单一液滴和不同Rosin—Rammler分布函数下液滴的运动轨迹。结果表明,气相旋转气流并没有对液滴的轨迹造成太大的影响,液滴仍是以接近直线的形式向前运动;离散相液滴最终的速度主要取决于气相速度,与液滴粒径大小、粒径分布和初速度无关;液滴的运动轨迹随着Rosin—Rammler分布中均匀性系数的增加,液滴速度的增大和平均粒径的减小而发生改变,造成离散相液滴喷出趋向于集中和液滴相对远离壁面。     

溶剂超临界CO2雾化萃取法制备乙基纤维素微粒的研究

通过溶剂超临界CO2雾化萃取法制得了乙基纤维素微粒．研究了溶液喷口流速、溶液浓度、温度、压力对颗粒粒径及其粒径分布的影响．结果表明，改变工艺参数，可在较大范围内调控微粒大小，所得微粒平均粒径为0．64～10．83μm．随着温度和溶液浓度的增加，颗粒粒径及其粒径分布增加；随着压力和溶液喷口流速的增加，颗粒粒径及其粒径分布减小．     

水化法制备超细Mg(OH)2的研究

以菱镁矿为原料，采用水化法制备Mg(OH)2超细粉体，研究了水化温度、添加剂对水化产物颗粒大小的影响。结果表明：NaOH为添加剂，水化温度70℃所得产物颗粒最细，产物d50为0．94μm；NaOH作添加剂时，随OH^-浓度增加，产物粒径减小，当OH浓度为1moL／L，所得产物粒径最小，其d50为0．94μm，但随OH浓度的进一步增加，颗粒有增大趋势；氨水作添加利时变化趋势与NaOH作添加剂类似，当OH^-浓度为1．55moL／L时．产物粒径最小，d50在1．6μm左右。     

多级雾化超重力旋转床中气液传质实验研究

利用传热强化与过程节能教育部重点实验室开发的多级雾化超重力旋转床，采用化学吸收的方法测定了其在不同操作条件下的体积传质系数，并根据双膜理论建立了旋转床中气液两相之间的传质模型．实验结果表明，多级雾化超重力旋转床气液两相间的体积传质系数随气液流量的增加而增大．文中还从实验数据中归纳出了液滴内的传质系数方程，指出丝网层的雾化使液滴在离心力的作用下高速旋转进入雾化区，由于液滴内循环非常剧烈，从而使多级雾化旋转床的液滴内传质系数较高．     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.