用Mo＋C和W＋C双离子注入H13钢制备表面优化复合…

首次给出了Ｍｏ＋Ｃ和Ｗ＋Ｃ双离子注入Ｈ１３钢合成优化表面层机理的研究结果，包括表面薄碳膜和弥散硬化的形成。电镜中观察到这些离子注入时晶粒细化的密集位错的出现，同时在晶间析出相以ＭｏＣ为主，在晶界内折出相则以Ｆｅ２ＭｏＣ和ＭｏＣ为主；这将使晶界强化和位错强化效果增强。Ｘ射线衍射分析表明，注入层中出现了弥散的Ｆｅ２Ｃ，Ｆｅ５Ｃ２，ＦｅＭｏ，Ｆｅ３Ｍｏ２，ＭｏＣ，ＭｏＣｘ，Ｍｏ２Ｃ，Ｆｅ２Ｗ，ＦｅＷ６，     

用Mo＋C和W＋C双离子注入H13钢制备表面优化复合层的研究

首次给出了Ｍｏ＋Ｃ和Ｗ＋Ｃ双离子注入Ｈ１３钢合成优化表面层机理的研究结果，包括表面薄碳膜和弥散硬化层的形成。电镜中观察到这些离子注入时晶粒细化和密集位错的出现，同时在晶界间析出相以ＭｏＣ为主，在晶界内析出相则以Ｆｅ２ＭｏＣ和ＭｏＣ为主；这将使晶界强化和位错强化效果增强。Ｘ射线衍射分析表明，注入层中出现了弥散的ＦＥ２Ｃ，Ｆｅ５Ｃ２，ＦｅＭｏ，Ｆｅ３Ｍ０２，ＭｏＣ，ＭｏＣｘ，Ｍｏ２Ｃ，Ｆｅ２ｗ，Ｆｅ７Ｗ６，ＷＣ和Ｗ２Ｃ相。由于这些弥散相的存在使注入层硬度和抗磨损效果均有明显的提高。首次用俄歇分析观察到表面有一层碳膜存在，这将引起表面的自润滑效果。     

丙烯氨氧化催化剂物化性能研究：Ⅱ.催化剂失活前后的结构表征

采用ＸＲＤ，ＩＲ，Ｍｏｂａｕｅｒ ＥＳＲ，ＸＰＳ，ＳＥＭ和孔结构分析等分析测试手段，对比研究了新鲜，失活和再生三种丙烯氨氧化催化剂的体相结构和表面性质。结果表明，新鲜催化剂中各元素以Ｆｅ２（ＭｏＯ４），α－ＣｏＭｏＯ４，ＮｉＭｏＯ４，γ－Ｂｉ２Ｏ３．ＭｏＯ３，α－Ｂｉ２Ｏ３．３ＭｏＯ３，η－ＭｏＯ３，α－Ｂｉ２Ｏ３和β－Ｂｉ２Ｏ３形式存在２；失活催化剂中，部分Ｆｅ２（ＭｏＯ４）３转变为α－Ｆｅ－Ｍ     

α-Fe_2O_3超微粉磁特性的Raman光谱研究

用磁测量和Ｒａｍ ａｎ 光谱方法研究了尺寸和Ｃｏ２＋ 包附对αＦｅ２Ｏ３超微粉Ｍｏｒｉｎ 相变温度ＴＭ 的影响⒚随着样品尺寸的减小, ＴＭ 逐渐下降⒚Ｃｏ２＋ 包附可使１５０ｎｍ 的αＦｅ２Ｏ３超微粉的ＴＭ 从１９１Ｋ 降至７７Ｋ 以下⒚Ｒａｍ ａｎ 光谱测量显示αＦｅ２Ｏ３的光学声子频率随样品尺寸的减小而移向低频方向,暗示Ｆｅ３＋ 磁性离子与配位氧离子的键合减弱⒚此外还观察到声子谱因粒度减小和表面包附而发生了宽化⒚表明小粒子晶体中的原子间距不是单值,而是呈现某种分布⒚单离子各向异性能和磁性离子位能估算表明Ｆｅ３＋ 和Ｏ２－ 的距离因Ｃｏ２＋ 包附而增大,使单离子各向异性能减弱,导致Ｍｏｒｉｎ 相变温度下降     

生命金属寡核苷酸螯合物的制备及反应机理

制备了５′端共价连接ＥＤＴＡ的寡聚核苷酸与生命金属的螯合物ＯＤＮ－５′－ＥＤＴＡＭ（ｎ＋），其中Ｍ（ｎ＋）为Ｆｅ（Ⅱ），Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）或Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）；分析、计算了这３个螯合物形成的最佳ｐＨ值范围，ＯＤＮ－ＥＤＴＡＦｅ（Ⅱ）为ｐＨ５．８～８．６，ＯＤＮ－ＥＤＴＡＣｏ（Ⅱ）为ＰＨ４．６～８．１，ＯＤＮ－ＥＤＴＡＣｕ（Ⅱ）为ｐＨ３．４～５．７；在此条件下，剪切反应必须的Ｍｇ２＋并不与Ｆｅ（Ⅱ），Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）或Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）竞争ＥＤＴＡ，也不会形成沉淀；讨论了ＯＤＮ－ＥＤＴＡＭ（ｎ＋）切割ＤＮＡ双链的反应机理：修饰寡核苷酸通过氢键在ＤＮＡ双链的大沟结合形成三链体，在Ｏ２和还原剂ＤＴＴ作用下，Ｆｅ作为催化剂，产生羟基自由基，氧化糖环，切割ＥＤＴＡＦｅ（Ⅱ）附近的ＤＮＡ双链．     

高柠檬酸盐对固氮酶铁钼辅基重组活性的影响

用高柠檬酸铁、柠檬酸钠、ＡＴＰ和Ｎａ２ＭｏＯ４分别处理ＦｅＭｏｃｏ，然后与ＵＷ４５组份Ⅰ蛋白进行重组，结果发现，高柠檬铁和柠檬酸钠分别使ＦｅＭｏｃｏ重组体的Ｃ２Ｈ２还原活性提高６７％和５４％，Ｎ２还原活性分别提高１７０％和１３５％．ＦｅＭｏｃｏ与ＡＴＰ预作用后再分别与高柠檬酸铁、柠檬酸钠作用，其重组体的Ｃ２Ｈ２还原活性分别提高１２１％和１１９％，而Ｎ２还原活性分别提高３０３％和１３５％．而ＦｅＭｏｃｏ，ＦｅＭｏｃｏ－高柠檬酸铁体系及ＦｅＭｏｃｏ－ＡＴＰ－高柠檬酸铁体系与Ｎａ２ＭｏＯ４作用后，重组体的Ｃ２Ｈ２还原活性分别下降５％，１２％及２１％．ＦｅＭｏｃｏ－高柠檬酸铁体系在１４．６Ｋ下的ＥＰＲ谱，与单独ＦｅＭｏｃｏ的略有不同，而ＦｅＭｏｃｏ－ＡＴＰ－高柠檬酸铁体系的ＥＰＲ谱则与前者有明显的差异．研究结果表明，高柠檬酸可能是ＦｅＭｏｃｏ的有机组份，它可能结合在ＦｅＭｏｃｏ的Ｍｏ原子上，而这种结合是比较松散的．     

MOCVD制备Mo2C膜成膜机理

对ＭＯＣＶＤ制备Ｍｏ２Ｃ膜的物理化学机理进行理论探讨。根据实验结果论证了ＭＯＣＶＤ制备Ｍｏ２Ｃ膜过程中,Ｍｏ（ＣＯ）６遵从先被基底吸附、发生相变再进行分解的两步机制;Ｍｏ（ＣＯ）６的分解过程是级联式分解,最后由Ｍｏ碳化为Ｍｏ２Ｃ膜;利用Ｇｉｂｂｓ函数最小的原理,对ＭＯＣＶＤ沉积Ｍｏ２以ＩＰ ＲＣ ＹＩＤ Ｒ ＦＫＦ ＤＭＨ ＡＤＷＲＢＩＢ ＯＶＴ ＦＪＴＦＹＦＴＨ,ＲＰＷＳＶＦ Ｂ ＤＮ ＥＡＪＤ     

高铬镍不锈钝化膜及其而腐蚀性能

高铬镍不锈钢是湿法磷复肥生产装备中常用的材料，它能够经受得信工况介质腐蚀磨损的双重作用，是因为在其表面能形成耐磨腐蚀和具有自愈能力的钝化膜，采用ＸＰＳ和ＡＥＳ对钝化膜的组态和元素分布进行分析；运用Ｘ衍射对钝化膜的结构进行了测试；并结合静态与动态的电化生能对高铬镍不锈钢钝化膜进行了研究。结果表明：钝化膜主要是由Ｃｒ、Ｍｏ、Ｆｅ的氧化物Ｃｒ２Ｏ３、ＭｏＯ３、ＦｅＯ、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３等复合组成，所形成的是非晶     

包钴包亚铁磁粉表面的XPS研究

使用ＶＧ ＥＳＣＡＬＡＢ５电子能谱仪对不同产地的ＣｏＦｅ－γ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３磁粉的表面进行了研究，对不同ＣｏＦｅ－γ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３磁粉表面Ｃｏ，Ｆｅ元素的可能价态和组分进行了分析，探讨了包钴包亚铁磁粉采用的工艺。     

LaMO3（M=Fe,Co,Ni）氧吸附性能与CO氧化催化活性

以ＸＰＳ表征了ＬａＭＯ３（Ｍ＝Ｆｅ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ）晶体表面氧的性质，区分了ＸＰＳ谱中二种Ｏ１ｓ峰．由Ｏ吸峰的相对强度获得了ＬａＭＯ３表面吸附Ｏ２性能的变化规律，并得到了Ｏ２吸附量（脉冲法）实验结果的映证．ＣＯ氧化反应活性测定发现：３００℃下，ＬａＭＯ３活性顺序为ＬａＣｏＯ３＞ＬａＮｉＯ３＞ＬａＦｅＯ３，与其Ｏ２吸附量大小顺序相一致．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the