川东北元坝气田须家河组主力储层参数测井精细解释

以常规测井和储层参数岩心实测资料为基础,建立了储层物性参数单参数拟合模型和多元回归线性解释模型,基于岩电分析测试资料建立了阿尔奇含水饱和度解释模型,利用非线性BP网络法,构建了须家河组主力储层各参数精细解释模型.对多种储层参数解释模型进行优选.结果表明非线性的神经网络解释模型与实际测试资料吻合性最高,能对该地区复杂的致密储层参数进行准确解释.     

伊通盆地梁家-万昌构造带束缚水饱和度研究

伊通盆地梁家构造带和万昌构造带属于近物源快速堆积,储层具有岩性多变、孔隙结构复杂、低含油气饱和度、高含水饱和度等特点,仅利用含油气饱和度参数不能有效地确定储层的流体性质,且测井解释符合率偏低。根据核磁共振实验资料,采用T_2谱面积比值法和T_2谱系数法分别计算束缚水饱和度,发现两种方法计算的结果准确且接近,可以作为研究区建模的基础数据。针对研究区实际地质特征,分构造带建立了两类束缚水饱和度模型。分析发现孔隙度建立模型不适用研究区复杂储层;综合物性指数建立束缚水饱和度模型与岩心分析束缚水结果吻合程度较好;因此根据研究区储层特点,基于核磁实验基础数据,选择综合物性参数建立的束缚水饱和度模型,大大提高了模型准确度,为流体识别、测井解释提供了依据。     

靖安油田延长6组中低孔隙性储层物性研究

利用靖安油田延长 6组岩心分析资料和测井资料分析了靖安油田延长 6组中低孔隙性砂岩储层渗透性的影响因素。研究发现 ,油的有效渗透率与中低孔隙性储层的孔隙度、含水饱和度及泥质含量有关。应用多元线性回归分析法 ,建立了油的有效渗透率与储层孔隙度、标准化电阻率及自然电位的关系。应用统计关系式计算的有效渗透率与岩心分析的渗透率比较吻合。提出了应用工程测井值计算地层中油的有效渗透率的方法 ,同时还给出了储层含水饱和度与孔隙度和电阻率的关系式。     

鄂尔多斯盆地低孔低渗储层 渗透率测井建模研究

将岩心分析数据与测井信息相结合,直接利用或构建渗透率测井响应敏感参数,采用多元线性回归分析建模方法,研究建立了鄂尔多斯盆地研究区长61低孔低渗储层渗透率测井解释模型。依据泥质含量参数特征,对两种不同岩性特征的储层分类进行渗透率测井响应敏感参数多元线性回归分析,分别建立渗透率测井解释模型,对应于研究区两类不同的沉积微相特征。结果表明,分类建立的模型测井解释渗透率与岩心实测渗透率一致性良好,满足研究区解释精度要求。因此,在沉积微相背景约束条件下,对研究区储层选择合理的测井参数进行多元线性回归分类建立渗透率测井解释模型在研究区低孔低渗储层中可以达到较好的应用效果。     

靖安油田延长6组中低孔隙性储层物性研究

利用靖安油田延长6组岩心分析资料和测井资料分析了靖安油田延长6组中低孔隙性砂岩储层渗透性的影响因素。研究发现，油的有效渗透率与中低孔隙性储层的孔隙度、含水饱和度及泥质含量有关。应用多元线性回归分析法，建立了油的有效渗透率与储层孔隙度、标准化电阻率及自然电位的关系。应用统计关系计算的有效渗透率与岩心分析的渗透率比较吻合。提出了应用工程测井值计算地层中油的有效渗透率的方法，同时还给出了储层含水饱和度与孔隙度和电阻率的关系式。     

四川盆地须家河组低孔致密砂岩孔隙度测井解释研究

四川盆地川中-川南过渡带低孔致密砂岩孔隙度测井受多方面因素影响,简单的线性解释难以达到储层评价要求.以H地区须二段为例,系统分析低孔致密砂岩储层的岩性及物性特征;以引起测井响应误差的因素分析为着眼点,对孔隙度测井解释进行研究.选取了三孔隙度测井(声波时差、补偿中子、补偿密度)和自然伽马测井建立四元线性回归解释模型.研究发现,该模型对孔隙度有较强的预测能力,预测的孔隙度与实验室岩心分析的孔隙度有较高的符合率.该方法极大提高了低孔致密砂岩孔隙度解释精度,为储层评价工作提供依据.     

支持向量机在致密砂岩储层孔隙度预测中应用

大牛地山2段气层组属于典型的低孔低渗致密砂岩储层,其孔隙结构复杂,非均质性强,采用传统数理统计方法解释孔隙度误差大.根据已有测井、录井和岩心资料,在进行储层特征和四性关系研究的基础上,采用能够深度挖掘测井参数和孔隙度间非线性关系的支持向量机方法,对该研究区储层孔隙度进行预测.实例证明该方法预测孔隙度和岩心分析孔隙度符合率很高,与线性多元回归相比,能有效提高致密砂岩储层测井解释模型的精度,为储层的综合评价提供了可靠的地质参数.     

特低渗储层参数的测井解释方法研究

针对特低渗透储层的岩心分析困难,尤其是饱和度的获得十分困难、测井解释难度大等问题,提出了一套系统的行之有效的解决方法。具体做法是:(1)利用常规岩心分析方法获得孔隙度、渗透率资料;(2)利用核磁共振成像技术来获得岩心含油饱和度资料;(3)利用改进了的人工神经网络建立高精度的孔隙度、渗透率和饱和度的测井解释模型。将这套方法用于大庆油田F48区块扶余油层的储层参数解释,处理效果较为理想。     

陇东油田V区Y9储层参数解释模型的建立及应用

在大量文献调研基础上,基于收集到的岩心资料、地质资料、测井资料和生产动态资料等,遵循地质约束测井、岩心刻度测井的建模原则,开展了陇东油田V区Y9储层四性关系研究,建立了储层参数测井解释模型,并将建立的泥质含量、孔隙度、渗透率和含油饱和度测井解释模型加载到专门的测井解释平台上,开展了研究区的测井资料二次解释.研究表明,经过岩心深度归位后的岩心资料和标准化后的测井资料相关性分析可靠,本研究建立的储层参数解释模型实际应用取得了良好的效果.     

应用BP神经网络预测磨溪气田香四储层孔隙度

神经网络是一门新兴的信息处理技未,它可用来解决测井解释和油藏描述中的模式识别和参数估算等问题。本文利用取心并的储层孔隙度与测井数据,应用改进的BP神经网络模型建立了川中磨溪气田香四储层物性参数孔隙度的预测模型。与传统方法~回归方程、灰色方程和测井解释相比,其精度及实际预测效果均令人满意。该法值得推广应用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the