电损毁树鼩视交叉上核对生殖系统的影响

本文观察了在生殖季节末期和非生殖季节末期损毁视交叉上核（ＳＣＮ）的２５只树性腺和附性器官重量及组织学的变化。发现损毁树ＳＣＮ不影响动物体重；在生殖季节末期损毁树ＳＣＮ，未见影响性腺和附性器官重量变化，但观察到其在组织学水平上不衰退；在非生殖季节末期损毁树ＳＣＮ，未见影响性腺和附性器官重量变化，但观察到其在组织学水平上提前恢复。     

惊吓状况下树肾上腺的变化

为了解惊吓对树肾上腺的影响,以及动物受惊吓后,产生应激反应时肾上腺生理机能的变化,作者观察了惊吓状况下树上腺的重量、皮质束状带、网状带和球状带的厚度和嗜酸性白血球的数量变化,结果①惊吓后树肾上腺重量变化规律不明显,有增有减,这种变化差异不显著.②惊吓后树肾上腺皮质发生变化,束状带和网状厚度减少,球状带厚度有所增加.③惊吓后树血液中嗜酸性白血球数目增多,根据结果分析,树在人工饲养条件下容易死亡,与过度受惊吓有关.     

切除嗅球对树鼩生殖的影响

研究了嗅球切除对树生殖的影响，实验结果表明，在生殖季节和非生殖季节切除树嗅球，雌雄树的生殖器官发育和血浆性甾体激素水平均未见明显变化。     

切除嗅球对树Qu生殖的影响

研究了嗅球切除对树Ｑｕ生殖的影响，实验结果表明，在生殖季节和非生殖季节切除树Ｑｕ嗅球，雌雄树Ｑｕ的生殖器官发育和血浆性甾体激素水平均未见明显变化。     

树鼩脏器系数的测定及脏器重量与体重相关性的探讨

目的测定树的脏器重量、脏器系数的生物学特性指标,并对脏器重量与体重的相关性进行分析。方法选用成年树27只,雌性15只,雄性12只,分别测定体重和6个主要脏器重量,并计算脏器系数。结果雌、雄树鼩脑的重量差异极显著（P〈0.01）,心、肝重量之间差异也达到了显著水平（P〈0.05）。而脑、肾的脏器系数之间差异均达到了显著水平（P〈0.05）。雌性树鼩心、肝、脾和肾均与体重呈显著的正相关,雄性动物的心脏与体重也呈现出显著正相关。结论雌、雄树鼩的心重量、肝重量、脑重量、脑系数、肾系数具有差异,其体重与某些脏器存在一定的线性关系。     

虎纹捕鸟蛛卵巢发育的组织学

根据卵巢的组织学和形态特征分析,虎纹捕鸟蛛的卵巢为若干由生殖上皮向卵巢腔内突起的卵巢小体构成.在卵细胞发育过程中,一直有滋养细胞形成的托柄向其供应养分.卵巢发育可分为5个时期：形成期、生长期、成熟期、排卵期和恢复期.在生殖季节里可多次产卵,为多次产卵类型.卵巢的大小重量与蛛体重量成正相关,而成熟的蜘蛛性腺指数仅随卵细胞的发育而变化,不随蛛体大小改变.     

成年树鼩（Tupaia belangeri chinensis）生殖系统的年周期变化

树和许多温带野生哺乳动物一样，属于季节性繁殖的动物。昆明地区的树其生殖季节在２至８月初，８月中至次年１月为非繁殖期。成年树的睾丸、卵巢和生殖管道的形态及重量有明显的季节性变化。雌性和雄性生殖系统的发育基本同步。     

模拟增温对松嫩草地羊草有性生殖策略影响的研究

通过连续3年的模拟增温实验,探讨了东北松嫩草甸草原单优种羊草的有性生殖策略对大气温度增加的响应.结果表明:增温使羊草物候期从抽穗期开始比对照提前,尤其是从第一花粉囊外露之后到果实成熟期,物候期均比对照明显提前5～7d.增温降低了单位面积的生殖枝数量,但使生殖枝单株重量、每穗小花数、结实粒数、籽粒重量都显著增加.种群水平上,用于有性生殖的总能量减少,但单株水平上,用于籽粒发育的能量增加.羊草这一多年生根茎型禾草在大气温度升高的条件下会采取减少生殖枝数量而增加生殖枝结实能力的繁殖策略,说明类似于羊草的多年生根茎型禾草在温度变化的条件下生殖策略会发生较大改变,多年的持续增温可能导致种子产量的持续降低.     

南方鲶生殖周期中脑垂体和血清促性腺激素水平的含量变化

采用测定胡鲶科非洲鲶(Clariasgariepinus)GTH的放射免疫测定法,用标记鲤(Cyprinuscarpio)GTH的方法进行标记,测定了鲶科南方鲶(SilurusmeridionalisChen)生殖周期中的血清GTH水平和脑垂体GTH含量变化,以揭示其性腺发育、成熟过程中的内分泌调节机理.南方鲶血清中GTH水平的季节变化表现出与成熟系数相一致的变化趋势,周年中雌鱼血清GTH水平都高于雄鱼,雌雄鱼血清GTH水平在繁殖期间差异尤为显著.脑垂体中GTH含量也在生殖周期中具明显周期变化.在性腺发育晚期和成熟期雌鱼脑垂体的GTH含量明显高于雄鱼,而在其它性腺期雌鱼脑垂体的GTH含量仅略高于雄鱼,但雌雄鱼之间并无显著差异.     

(Hemiculter leucisculus)性腺发育的组织学研究

研究了广东北江流域鳘的繁殖生物学,结果表明:鳘雌雄的初次性成熟年龄是1年,在生殖季节可凭"追星"等副性征辨别雌雄.性成熟后,性腺具有周年变化规律,卵子发育为非同步的,产卵期为4月至7月.     

Diurnal cycles in serotonin acetyltransferase activity and cyclic GMP content of cultured chick pineal glands

Levels of serotonin N-acetyltransferase (NAT: acetul CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase; EC 2.1.1.5.) activity in the chick pineal gland exhibit a marked diurnal variation in birds kept under a diurnal cycle of ilumination. Activity begins to rise rapidly at the start of the dark phase of the cycle and reaches maximum levels at mid-dark phase about 25-fold greater than the minimum basal level at mid-light phase. Thereafter, the level of activity declines to the basal level about the start of the light phase. This diurnal cycle in chick pineal NAT activity found in vivo has recently been reproduced in vitro with intact glands incubated in organ culture. The mechanism of the 'biological clock' which regulates these variations in level of chick pineal NAT activity is unknown. However, I now report that chick pineal glands cultured under a diurnal cycle of illumination exhibit a diurnal cycle in content of cyclic GMP which roughly parallels the cycles in NAT activity. In contrast, there was no correlation between variations in pineal content of cyclic AMP and in level of NAT activity.     

A circadian oscillator in cultured cells of chicken pineal gland

The activity of serotonin N-acetyltransferase, the key enzyme of melatonin synthesis, shows a marked circadian rhythm in the pineal glands of various animal species. The regulation mechanism of the N-acetyltransferse rhythm in birds is different from that in mammals. N-Acetyltransferase activity in rat pineal gland is controlled by the central nervous system through the sympathetic nerves from the superior cervical ganglion, while in chicken the endogenous oscillator for N-acetyltransferase rhythm is presumably located in the pineal gland. Recently it has been shown that N-acetyltransferase activity oscillates in a circadian manner in the organ culture of chicken pineal glands. When chicken pineal glands were organ-cultured under continuous illumination, the nocturnal increase of enzyme activity was suppressed. These observations suggested that chicken pineal gland contains a circadian oscillator, a photoreceptor and melatonin-synthesising machinery. A central question arises whether the circadian oscillation of N-acetyltransferase activity and its response to environmental lighting are generated within the cell or are emergent properties of interaction between different types of pineal cells. I report here that in the dispersed cell culture of chicken pineal gland, N-acetyltransferase activity exhibits a circadian rhythm and responds to environmental lighting in the same manner as in the organ culture.     

兔狲消化腺特征

对兔狲消化腺的形态学特点进行了观测：兔狲有腮腺、颌下腺、舌下腺、臼齿腺和眶下腺５对唾液液腺，各腺管均开口于口腔，腮腺呈半环形，凳下腺呈长椭圆形，舌下腺为长三棱锥状，臼齿腺为长条状，眶下腺近似卵圆形；肝脏有胆囊，分为左右两叶，每叶又分为若干小叶。     

大袋蛾(Clania variegata Snell.)雌虫性信息素分泌腺体和释放机制的研究——Ⅲ.性信息素分泌腺体结构

<正>用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对大袋蛾雌成虫性信息素腺体进行了形态学、组织学及细胞学研究。其性信息素分泌腺体为散生的腺体单位,每个腺体单位由腺细胞和间细胞组成。腺体细胞主要分布在胸部背板上,头部和腹部第一、二节上也有少数腺细胞。由于腺细胞具有分枝的导管,并形成端器(the end apparatus),但没有发现导管细胞,导管似由腺细胞本身分泌形成,因而它很可能是一种新型的昆虫皮腺细胞,目前正在进行其超微结构的研究。     

褐藻寡糖对小鼠热应激及甲状腺的影响

为探讨褐藻寡糖对小鼠抗热应激能力和热应激小鼠甲状腺的影响,将小鼠随机分成四组,分别用生理盐水和不同剂量的褐藻寡糖(300mg·kg-1·d-1、600mg·kg-1·d-1、1200mg·kg-1·d-1)连续灌胃四周.之后各组分别在45±1℃条件下进行热应激实验,考察应激前后体重的变化、存活时间;待小鼠死亡后,分别取出甲状腺称重,计算其指数.常规石蜡切片,HE染色,观察甲状腺形态学改变.结果显示热应激小鼠体重下降,但差异不显著(P0.05).中等剂量褐藻寡糖组(600mg·kg-1·d-1)抗热应激能力较对照组高,差异显著(P0.05),甲状腺指数随褐藻寡糖浓度的升高而增加,且与抗热应激的存活时间存在显著相关.甲状腺的形态学也随之发生改变.结果表明,褐藻寡糖能够提高小鼠的抗热应激能力,中等剂量为最佳;甲状腺参与了热应激反应.     

优雅蝈螽雄性附腺发育过程的超微结构

利用透射电镜(TEM)技术研究了优雅蝈螽Gampsocleis gratiosa Brunner von Wattenwyl雄性附腺不同发育时期的超微结构.结果表明:优雅蝈螽雄性附腺乳白长腺管和乳白短腺管在末龄若虫期已分化形成腺管,透明腺管在羽化之后形成腺管.优雅蝈螽雄性附腺在发育过程中,上皮细胞中的细胞器表现出由分散到集中和由少到多的趋势;腺管管腔中的分泌物由少到多,成熟期分泌物充满整个管腔.     

蒙古绵羊胚胎小肠的组织发生

运用组织学常规方法对蒙古绵羊32～550 mm胚胎小肠的组织学特征以及肌层、粘膜肌、粘膜上皮、杯状细胞、淋巴集结、乳糜管、肠腺、十二指肠腺等发生发育规律进行了较详细的研究.结果:在小肠各段肌层已分化出内环肌和外环肌;十二指肠、空肠、回肠在290 mm胚胎时出现了明显的粘膜肌;粘膜上皮发生发育经历了从单层细胞到多层细胞再到单层细胞的过程;十二指肠、空肠、回肠在各胚期相继出现了杯状细胞、乳糜管、肠腺;回肠在340 mm胚胎、空肠在400 mm胚胎出现了淋巴集结;十二指肠在290 mm胚胎出现了十二指肠腺.     

Influence of local vascularity on hormone receptors in mammary gland

Procedures, such as teat removal (thelectomy) or teat duct ligation, which prevent removal of milk, lead to rapid involution of the lactating mammary gland; performed unilaterally they have been used previously to study the biochemistry of involution, enabling a comparison of normal and involuting glands in the same animal against the same systematic hormonal environment. Both the protein hormone prolactin and the steroid hormone oestrogen are of importance in the development and function of the mammary gland. In the present experiments, female Sprague-Dawley rats were unilaterally thelectomised and the binding to the mammary gland of prolactin and oestrogen was examined through pregnancy, lactation and weaning. There was an effect of thelectomy during lactation only, when levels of both receptors increased in the intact lactating gland but failed to rise in the thelectomised, involuting gland. Capillary closure is known to occur in the mammary glands of rats after 36-48 h of milk accumulation. The rate of delivery of hormones to the tissue will be drastically reduced and it is concluded that this, rather than systemic hormone levels, is of importance in controlling receptor levels.     

大弹涂鱼松果体形态结构研究

鱼类松果体是传达外界信息到体内的主要传感器之一,其分泌的褪黑激素与鱼类生殖活动密切相关.为了阐明大弹涂鱼松果体形态结构与其功能的关系,运用组织细胞学方法研究了大弹涂鱼松果体的形态结构.结果表明,大弹涂鱼松果体位于端脑和中脑之间,由松果体柄和终囊两部分组成,具有背囊结构.松果体柄细长,细胞排列紧密,柄中有空腔,开口与第三脑室相通;松果体终囊膨大成梨形,且有空腔,腔内有皱褶,终囊顶部表面有黑色素细胞;背囊位于终囊下方,形状不规则,其囊壁向囊腔内反复折叠,形成许多复杂、盘旋曲折的内褶,背囊内部可见血细胞.研究结果为将来揭示大弹涂鱼半月周期产卵的机制提供了基础资料.