蒸汽冷却厚壁通道传热性能的耦合传热研究

基于厚壁带肋通道蒸汽冷却实验数据,发展了含有内热源项的耦合传热计算方法,研究了雷诺数、热流密度和湍流度对厚壁矩形带肋通道内蒸汽流动及传热特性的影响,同时对比了耦合传热方法和只计算流体域方法之间的差异,并在此基础上对努塞尔数与雷诺数、热流密度和湍流度之间进行数值拟合,得到了厚壁带肋通道的传热关联式。研究结果表明:含有内热源项的耦合传热计算模型可以准确地模拟厚壁带肋通道内蒸汽的流动与传热特性,只计算流体域模型对传热系数的预测较耦合传热模型低10%;热流密度对厚壁带肋通道蒸汽摩擦和传热特性的影响较小,高热流密度使得壁面传热效果变差;雷诺数从10 000~90 000变化时,平均传热系数和综合传热因子分别提高了76%和63%,而湍流度从3%~15%变化时,平均传热系数提高了大约24%,综合传热因子提高了19.8%。该研究可为未来重型燃机叶片冷却结构设计提供参考。     

两种肋片的损失率分析及优化

本文以热力学第一及第二定津分析肋片流场的流动与换热特征,导出肋片传热过程的(火用)损失率方程;以其为目标函数、对针形肋片和矩形肋片进行具休的性能分析;求得相应的最佳肋片特征尺度与最佳的流体流速;发现了雷诺数越小,最佳流速及尺度也越小,相应的(火用)损失率也越小的一般规律.这为肋片的优化提供了定量的方法,也为肋片的微型化、流动的低速化提供了依据.     

螺旋线圈强化传热适宜操作雷诺数的确定

建立以年总效益最大为目标函数的传热设备运转费用数学模型，对螺旋线圈强化传热进行了传热效果和阻力特性的经济分析．在年总效益最大的前提下，获得了传热设备最佳的操作雷诺数和经济临界雷诺数．结果表明：强化传热过程的操作雷诺数应低于经济临界雷诺数，并且在最佳操作雷诺数的附近操作、对于实现传热优化操作、降低运行费用，提高经济效益具有十分重要的意义。     

带有倾斜楔形肋片矩形通道内的流动与换热

提出了一种新型的燃气轮机叶片内部通道强制对流冷却方案.为了探明该种对置叉排倾斜楔形仿螺旋肋片通道结构特有的综合换热效果,利用数值分析方法研究了在通道宽高比为2.9、肋高与通道当量直径比为0.336、肋片与轴面的夹角为15°、雷诺数在2×104~1×105的非旋转情况下,雷诺数、肋片与主流方向夹角等参数对通道强化传热和流动阻力特性的影响.研究结果表明,该仿螺旋通道内流体流动达到了预期的仿螺旋流动效果,且该仿螺旋流动的效果随着楔形肋片与主流方向的夹角的增大而效果愈趋明显.这种旋转流动特性对内冷通道的强化传热和流阻特性具有很强的影响,与光滑通道相比,通道平均努塞尔数得到了明显的提高,但同时流动阻力也显著增加.     

板棒式换热器传热性能分析(Ⅱ)

以单位质量材耗的换热能力最大为目标函数,分析研究了不同雷诺数Re的操作条件下肋棒长度、直径及板厚之间的关系.结果表明当雷诺数较小时肋棒才可有效地起到强化传热的作用,且随着肋棒直径的减小强化传热作用增强;当板厚为3mm、雷诺数在10     

板棒式换热器传热性能分析(Ⅱ)——换热器结构的优化设计

以单位质量材耗的换热能力最大为目标函数 ,分析研究了不同雷诺数Re的操作条件下肋棒长度、直径及板厚之间的关系 .结果表明 :当雷诺数较小时肋棒才可有效地起到强化传热的作用 ,且随着肋棒直径的减小强化传热作用增强 ;当板厚为 3mm、雷诺数在 10 3～ 5× 10 3之间时 ,最佳肋棒长径比为 2～ 3.以上结果可作为板棒式换热器结构优化设计的参考依据 .     

小通道内碳氢化合物极限热流密度实验研究

针对新一代发动机热防护所采用的再生主动冷却技术中的传热问题,对超临界压力下碳氢化合物的传热特性进行了实验研究。利用主流温度、内壁温度、传热系数等划分指标,量化了正常传热、传热强化、传热弱化3个阶段的区间划分;定义超临界压力下发生传热弱化时对应的热流密度为极限热流密度,对其影响因素进行研究,发现压力越高、质量流量越大、加热入口温度越低,极限热流密度越高;采用拟沸腾数对极限热流密度进行表征,并发现拟沸腾数与入口温度和压力相关,与雷诺数弱相关;基于实验数据,采用量纲分析方法得到综合影响因素下极限热流密度的预测公式,数据预测偏差在±10%以内。该研究结果可用于预测传热弱化现象的发生,为飞行器换热结构设计提供理论依据,进而保证飞行器整体的安全运行。     

微重力条件下列管相变蓄热器的传热特性研究及拓扑优化

基于相变蓄热器在航天航空领域的应用，对列管式蓄热器建立物理模型和数学模型，采用数值模拟研究其在不同重力及雷诺数下的传热特性，此外引入基于变密度法的拓扑优化方法对蓄热器进行结构优化，设计出一种不等长拓扑肋片模型，并对比研究各因素对相变材料熔化速度的影响。研究结果表明，相同雷诺数时微重力条件下相变材料的熔化速度相比于有重力条件下的较慢，不同雷诺数时微重力条件下的熔化速度比有重力条件下的熔化速度分别减小了82.7%,86.1%,90.1%。但在微重力条件下，增大雷诺数已不足以有效提升相变材料的熔化速度。与无肋片管相比，经拓扑优化所得肋片模型的强化换热效果明显，在微重力条件下其相变材料熔化时间相比于无肋片管熔化时间缩短了47.83%，表明所设计的拓扑优化肋片模型可有效地减小微重力对蓄/放热速率的影响。     

在复杂边值条件下非稳态肋片传热的最优化（Ⅲ）

研究在辐射和对流同时作用下肋根温度作周期性变化时矩形思片的传热特性。分析肋片的热流密度和肋片有效度与各种热特性参数的变化规律。     

肋片长度对相变材料熔化过程影响的数值模拟

为研究三套管式相变蓄热器的肋片长度对相变材料融化过程的影响,将肋片长度在一个较小范围内进行划分,设置了7种肋片长度的蓄热器,采用二维数值模拟对其传热性能进行数值研究,同时将模拟结果与光管蓄热器进行对比。结果表明:相比光管蓄热器,增加纵向直肋可以有效提高相变材料熔化速率,且可以有效延缓相变过程中自然对流强度的下降;临界肋片的长度为44mm,无量纲肋片长度为89%时,传热效果最佳。研究结果可为套管式蓄热器的结构优化提供一定的参考方向。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.